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This study explores the intriguing relationship between personality traits, self-rated fitness (SRF), and physical activity (PA) variables among German university students (N = 4244) and sheds light on the impact of personality on adherence to PA guidelines. Employing an online cross-sectional study, the short-form of the Big Five Inventory-2 assessed five domains of personality traits (Extraversion, Negative Emotionality, Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and Open-Mindedness). PA, including sitting time, was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form). SRF and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) were assessed with one item each. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses examined associations of individual personality trait domains and all domains combined with SFR, PA variables, and adherence to PA guidelines, controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and (mental) health covariates. Most reliably, Extraversion and Conscientiousness revealed positive associations with PA variables, while Negative Emotionality yielded inverse relationships with PA variables. For instance, each unit increase in Extraversion corresponded to an additional 17 min of weekly MSA. On the contrary, daily sitting time was unrelated to personality. Of note, high Open-Mindedness was associated with lower odds for adhering to current PA guidelines. The findings have implications for developing targeted interventions that promote a physically active lifestyle and support students’ well-being and academic success.
ie Einbindung akademisch qualifizierter Pflegefachkräfte in die Pflegepraxis stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Um eine Übersicht über die derzeit umgesetzten Praxiskonzepte zu generieren, wird eine Literaturstudie durchgeführt. Die übergeordnete
Fragestellung lautet: Welche Konzepte zur Einbindung von Bachelorabsolvent*innen in der Pflege werden in Pflege- und Gesundheitseinrichtungen entwickelt, eingesetzt und evaluiert? Die einbezogenen Veröffentlichungen unterschiedlicher Reichweite zeigen diverse Möglichkeiten für Aufgaben- und Verantwortungsbereiche. Vereinzelte Evaluationsergebnisse sind bisher
wenig aussagekräftig. Für eine erfolgreiche Einbindung erscheint die Klärung erweiterter Aufgabenprofile und der Zielstellung
sinnvoll, um Praxiskonzepte vorteilhaft einzusetzen.
In the current manuscript, we investigate the collaboration (coproduction) in counseling sessions by means of an online-survey, in which 30 counseling practitioners took part. On the one hand, we focus on the different phases of a counseling process and survey in which phase the practitioners perceive the effort of the counselor or the client as higher. Secondly, we ask which type of input is expected from the two persons involved in a counseling session (i.e., structuring the session or coming up with impulses and ideas). Contrary to our predictions, in none of the phases the effort of the client is perceived as signifi-cantly higher than the effort of the counselor. Focusing on the role of the coun-selor, it is noteworthy that counselors perceive only surprisingly low levels of responsibility for stabilizing the counseling results and for prophylaxis. Con-cerning the type of input to a counseling session, structuring the session as well as providing impulses/ideas is predominantly seen as the counselor’s duty. From this study, it remains unclear what kind of input is expected from the client. We suggest that future research could study coproduction from the perspective of different schools of counseling separately.
Eine wachsende Zahl an Studien festigt die Sicht auf Hochsensitivität als ein Temperamentsmerkmal,
das das Erleben und Verhalten eines bedeutsamen Teils der Bevölkerung stark beeinflusst. Dieser Beitrag fasst wichtige
Erkenntnisse dieser Literatur zusammen und erläutert, wie sich das Merkmal im Alltag von Menschen bemerkbar macht.
Weiterhin wird die Bedeutung von Hochsensitivität für die Ätiologie psychischer Störungen beleuchtet und es werden
Implikationen für das psychotherapeutische Vorgehen zusammengetragen: Neben einer zuverlässigen Diagnostik ist die
Aufklärung über die neuronale Besonderheit essenziell. Interventionen gegen Selbststigmatisierung, zur Aufarbeitung
biographischer Verletzungen und innerer Konflikte sowie für verbesserte Stressverarbeitung und Emotionsregulation
sind vielversprechend und lieferten erste Evidenznachweise.
Der Beitrag zeigt im Projekt „Gerechte und nachhaltige Außer-Haus-Angebote gestalten“ entwickelte Bildungsangebote auf, durch die handelnde Menschen in Großküchen motiviert und befähigt werden betriebliche Arbeitsprozesse nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Berücksichtigt werden Gelingensbedingungen wie der persönliche Austausch in Gruppen von Arbeits- und Berufskolleginnen und -kollegen sowie knappe zeitliche Kapazitäten.
Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of the stuttering modification intervention Kinder Dürfen Stottern (KIDS) in school-age children who stutter.
Method: Seventy-three children who stutter were included in this multicenter, two-group parallel, randomized, wait-list controlled trial with a follow-up of 12 months. Children aged 7–11 years were recruited from 34 centers for speech therapy and randomized to either the immediate-treatment group or the 3 months delayed-treatment group. KIDS was provided by 26 clinicians who followed a treatment manual. Although the primary outcome measure was the impact of stuttering (Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering–School-Age [OASES-S]), the secondary outcomes included objective and subjective data on stuttering severity.
Results: At 3 months postrandomization, the mean score changes of the OASESS differed significantly between the experimental (n = 33) and control group (n = 29; p = .026). Furthermore, treatment outcomes up to 12 months were analyzed (n = 59), indicating large effects of time on the OASES-S score (p < .001, partial η2 = .324). This was paralleled by significant improvements in parental ratings and objective ratings (stuttering severity, frequency, and physical concomitants).
Conclusions: The significant short-term treatment effects in the OASES-S are in line with the (initial) focus of KIDS on cognitive and affective aspects of stuttering.
Over 12 months, these changes were maintained and accompanied by
behavioral improvements. The results suggest that individual treatment with KIDS is an adequate treatment option for this age group.
This study investigated the ability of electrically conductive carbon rovings to detect cracks in textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) structures. The key innovation lies in the integration of carbon rovings into the reinforcing textile, which not only contributes to the mechanical properties of the concrete structure but also eliminates the need for an additional sensory system, such as strain gauges, to monitor the structural health. Carbon rovings are integrated into a grid-like textile reinforcement that differs in binding type and dispersion concentration of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) coating. Ninety final samples were subjected to a four-point bending test in which the electrical changes of the carbon rovings were measured simultaneously to capture the strain. The mechanical results show that the SBR50-coated TRC samples with circular and elliptical cross-sectional shape achieved, with 1.55 kN, the highest bending tensile strength, which is also captured with a value of 0.65 Ω by the electrical impedance monitoring. The elongation and fracture of the rovings have a significant effect on the impedance mainly due to electrical resistance change. A correlation was found between the impedance change, binding type and coating. This suggests that the elongation and fracture mechanisms are affected by the number of outer and inner filaments, as well as the coating.
The Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG) is a tool for modeling and optimizing energy systems with a focus on urban systems. The SESMG is easily accessible as it comes with a browser-based graphical user interface, spreadsheets to provide data entry, and detailed documentation on how to use it. Programming skills are not required for the installation or application of the tool. The SESMG includes advanced modeling features such as the application of the multi-energy system (MES) approach, multi-objective optimization, model-based methods for reducing computational requirements, and automated conceptualization and result processing of urban energy systems with high spatial resolution. Due to its accessibility and the applied modeling methods, urban energy systems can be modeled and optimized with comparatively low effort.
Editorial
(2023)
Die Weiterbildungsteilnahme der Beschäftigten im Gastgewerbe bildet das Schlusslicht im Vergleich anderer Branchen. Auch wenn die Ressourcen (u. a. finanziell, personell) in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung
(GV) niedrig sind, gilt es nachhaltigkeitsorientierte Weiterbildungsangebote
zu schaffen, die von der Branche wahr- und angenommen werden. Der Beitrag erörtert,
ob das Prinzip des Lernens am Arbeitsplatz eine attraktive Lösung darstellen kann.
Vorliegende Erkenntnisse zum Erwerb der deutschen Sprache und zu den Möglichkeiten der Sprachförderung beziehen sich oft auf den Fachunterricht in der Schule. Während der Ausbildung ergeben sich auch im Betrieb viele Lernmöglichkeiten für Neuzugewanderte, um Deutsch zu lernen. Die Herausforderungen und Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten werden am Beispiel eines gastronomischen Betriebes aufgezeigt.
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We evaluated changes in total costs, comprising direct and indirect costs, due to a 24-month non-randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention trial with six measurement time points aiming to improve the risk profile for NCDs. Overall, 187 individuals from the general population aged ≥18 years were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112), receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy, plant-based diet; physical activity; stress management; and community support, followed by a 22-month follow-up phase including monthly seminars, or a control group (CG; n = 75) without intervention. The complete data sets of 118 participants (IG: n = 79; CG: n = 39) were analyzed. At baseline, total costs per person amounted to 67.80 ± 69.17 EUR in the IG and 48.73 ± 54.41 EUR in the CG per week. The reduction in total costs was significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG after 10 weeks (p = 0.012) and 6 months (p = 0.004), whereas direct costs differed significantly after 10 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p = 0.041) and 12 months (p = 0.012) between the groups. The HLCP-2 was able to reduce health-related economic costs, primarily due to the reduction in direct costs.
From Surviving to Living (on): A Grounded Theory Study on Coping in People with Pancreatic Cancer
(2023)
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between technology orientations and export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research design was adopted for this study. The paper formulates hypotheses from the literature review. These hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling with data collected from 231 SMEs in Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS.
Findings
The findings of this study showed technology orientation has a positive and significant relationship with the performance of Ugandan SMEs and that supply chain agility moderates technology orientation and export performance.
Research limitations/implications
The study discusses the findings, advances limitations and managerial implications. It also suggests future research avenues. It proposes some recommendations to help Ugandan SMEs to form flexible supply chains, use the latest technology and create strong relationship ties with their partners in the supply chain.
Practical implications
The study suggests that managers of Ugandan SMEs should use the latest technology in production, marketing, logistics and supply chain management which will enable them to respond quickly to customer tastes and preferences leading to higher levels of export performance.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on strategic management showing the reliability of scales used and the confirmatory of the factor structure. This study shows that in strategic management technology, orientation is critical in increasing export performance. This study has extended the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theories.
Rehabilitations- und Teilhabeforschung thematisieren mit unterschiedlichen inhaltlichen und methodischen Schwerpunkten vergleichbare Untersuchungsfelder. Mit der Einführung der International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) der WHO liegt ein gemeinsamer konzeptueller Anknüpfungspunkt vor. Für neue internationale Reha-Definitionen ist dabei das Konzept der Funktionsfähigkeit zentral, das auch die Komponente der Teilhabe umfasst. Während Rehabilitation auf die Unterstützung und Versorgung von individuellen Personen mit Funktionseinschränkungen zielt, setzt Teilhabeforschung in der Regel auf der gesellschaftlichen Ebene an. Aktuelle Ergebnisse der Teilhabeforschung, z.B. in Form des Teilhabeberichts der Bundesregierung bzw. des Teilhabesurveys, ermöglichen dabei wichtige Hintergrundinformationen zur Bedeutung von Umweltfaktoren bzw. Lebenslagen für die Teilhabe(chancen) von Menschen mit Behinderung, insbesondere für die Bedarfsforschung. Entsprechende Studienergebnisse werden bislang nur unzureichend in den Rehabilitationswissenschaften zur Kenntnis genommen.
Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, einen exemplarischen Blick in die DACH-Region zum Einsatz von KI in der Sozialen Arbeit im Bereich Kinder und Jugendliche zu werfen. Dafür wird auf einzelne Projekte in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz verwiesen, um so den aktuellen Stand der Verwendung von KI in der DACH-Region zu skizzieren. Einzelne Projekte finden dafür Erwähnung, werden für den Erhalt eines Überblicks jedoch nicht im Detail vorgestellt. Ebenfalls erhebt der Beitrag keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Schon bei der Recherche und im Kontakt mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz ist deutlich geworden, dass der Einsatz von KI in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe vielerorts weder in Projekten organisiert, noch (standardisiert) evaluiert wird.
The use of wind power is rapidly expanding worldwide. It is important to examine the impact of wind turbines on the environment to see if they provide a net benefit and to identify potential for improving. Therefore life cycle assessments (LCA) of different wind turbine types are compared in this short review. The results are then shown side by side in tables for comparison. Overall the LCAs show that wind turbines compensate the required energy and emitted pollutants after approx. 6-16 months. The energy payback period (EPP) for 2 MW onshore wind turbines remained roughly the same since 2009 with approximately 7 months. Onshore wind turbines have a higher impact due to emissions but a shorter EPP than offshore wind turbines. The estimated service life of 20 years should be maximized to ensure a high energy yield ratio. The biggest impact on the environment results from the processes to provide the building material e.g. steel and cement. That impact could be reduced by 20 % if recycled steel would be used. It is shown that wind power is one of the cleanest energy sources. But further investigations in material processing and recycling are important to improve the eco-balance of wind turbines.
This review is about where and which tidal power systems are currently deployed. It starts with an insight into the variety of different tidal power systems. With the help of a list from the European Marine Energy Center about currently used systems for tidal power plants, it quickly becomes apparent that two systems stand out. These are the vertical and horizontal turbines. The latter are particularly common, as they are used for both tidal stream and tidal range power plants. Determining the regions with high potential for tidal power is not always easy due to the many influencing factors. Influencing factors are, for example form and conditions of the seabed, topographical features of the coast or currents in the sea [1]. Therefore, each region must be considered separately. n this paper the focus is on the UK, the literature shows that the coastal regions around the UK provide about 50 TWh/year of the European tidal power potential. This is due to the location between the oceans and the geological conditions, which act as a channel for the tides. The two areas with high potential where planning
and construction of tidal power plants is currently underway are in the north of Scotland and in the southwest of England in the Bristol Channel.
This review paper presents a short overview of current power system modelling tools especially used for analysing energy and electricity systems for the supply and demand sector. The main focus of this review lies on open source tools and models which are written and used in the programming language “Python”. The modelling tools are represented in a comprehensive table with key information. Five modelling tools with an open source license can be filtered out. The modelling tool PyPSA can be considered as a high performing tool especially as the gap between power system analysis tool (PSAT) and energy system modelling tool.
This report examines the strength of young and early age concrete that has been systematically exposed to horizontal, sinusoidal vibrations with varying vibration parameters. Specimens were subjected to vibrations of predefined vibration times (4–14 h) and the compressive strength was determined after a period of 28 days. It was found that the different parameters have no critical influence on compressive strength and that vibration prior to initial setting of the concrete can increase its strength. Additional information to examine the reasons for this increase was obtained by further investigations (nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis).
Mundtrockenheit lindern
(2023)
Involving Health Care Professionals in the Development of Electronic Health Records: Scoping Review
(2023)
Electronic health records (EHRs) are a promising approach to document and map (complex) health information gathered in health care worldwide. However, possible unintended consequences during use, which can occur owing to low usability or the lack of adaption to existing workflows (eg, high cognitive load), may pose a challenge. To prevent this, the involvement of users in the development of EHRs is crucial and growing. Overall, involvement is designed to be very multifaceted, for example, in terms of the timing, frequency, or even methods used to capture user preferences. Setting, users and their needs, and the context and practice of health care must be considered in the design and subsequent implementation of EHRs. Many different approaches to user involvement exist, each requiring a variety of methodological choices. The aim of the study was to provide an overview of the existing forms of user involvement and the circumstances they need and to provide support for the planning of new involvement processes. We conducted a scoping review to provide a database for future projects on which design of inclusion is worthwhile and to show the diversity of reporting. Using a very broad search string, we searched the PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. In addition, we searched Google Scholar. Hits were screened according to scoping review methodology and then examined, focusing on methods and materials, participants, frequency and design of the development, and competencies of the researchers involved. In total, 70 articles were included in the final analysis. There was a wide range of methods of involvement. Physicians and nurses were the most frequently included groups and, in most cases, were involved only once in the process. The approach of involvement (eg, co-design) was not specified in most of the studies (44/70, 63%). Further qualitative deficiencies in the reporting were evident in the presentation of the competences of members of the research and development teams. Think-aloud sessions, interviews, and prototypes were frequently used. This review provides insights into the diversity of health care professionals’ involvement in the development of EHRs. It provides an overview of the different approaches in various fields of health care. However, it also shows the necessity of considering quality standards in the development of EHRs together with future users and the need for reporting this in future studies.
Objectives: In recent years, the European Union has revised its regulatory framework for medical devices, primarily to improve patient safety and public health. The Medical Device Regulation (MDR) is fully applicable since May 2021, strengthening the requirements for all stakeholders. As a result, many companies are facing enormous challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the MDR on the orthopaedic aids industry.
Methods: Two surveys were conducted: one shortly before the MDR became applicable (146 respondents) and a second survey almost two years later (233 respondents).
Results: Both surveys revealed that all businesses in the orthopaedic aids sector, regardless of size, have difficulty implementing the MDR. Key challenges include additional workload for technical documentation, increased resource expenditure and cost, and lack of clarity regarding the new requirements. Many companies are downsizing their product portfolio, resulting in potential supply shortages and a loss of competitive advantage and innovation for the medical device industry in Europe.
Conclusions: The full extent of the MDR’s impact on clinical practice is still unclear. However, many companies lack the necessary resources. The MDR can potentially be a bottleneck in the availability of medical devices.
Der vorliegende Artikel stellt Unterschiede und Besonderheiten der Kurzzeitmediation in Abgrenzung zu längeren Mediationsformaten heraus und diskutiert darauf aufbauend Indikationen und Kontraindikationen sowie Vor- und Nachteile des Kurzzeit-Formats in der praktischen Umsetzung. Hierbei werden Spezifika in der zeitlichen, strukturellen und methodischen Planung berücksichtigt und bezogen auf Präsenz- und Online-Settings erläutert. Wichtige Aspekte, Methoden und Vorgehensweisen für die Kurzzeitmediation werden dargestellt und beispielhaft an zwei Fällen mit Fokus auf Trennungs- und Scheidungsberatung aufgezeigt.
Können und dürfen Schüler:innen es sich leisten, krank zu sein, und wie fühlen sie sich dabei? Ein EInblick in diese Problematik liefert im vorausgehenden Beitrag der Bericht einer betroffenen Schülerin, Sandra. In dem Beitrag werden anschließend auf einer fachlichen Ebende Belastungen von Chronischen Erkrankung im schulischen Kontext beleuchtet, Wünsche von Betroffenen benannt und Handlungsstrategien abgeleitet.
Die Rückführung von Prozesswasser aus der Faulschlammentwässerung kommunaler Kläranlagen führt insbesondere durch dessen hohe Ammoniumkonzentration zu einer stofflichen Rückbelastung der Abwasserbehandlung. Zur separaten Prozesswasserbehandlung wurde auf der Hauptkläranlage Münster eine großtechnische Membrankontaktorenanlage mit Vorbehandlung installiert. Es wurden Stickstoffentfernungsleistungen von durchschnittlich ca. 74 % erreicht. Betriebserfahrungen zeigen, dass neben pH-Wert, Temperatur und Volumenstrom insbesondere die Feststoffabscheidung durch die Vorbehandlung des Prozesswassers einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf den stabilen Betrieb der Membrankontaktorenanlage hat. Mit den Membrankontaktoren konnte aus dem Prozesswasser Stickstoff als Ammoniumsulfatlösung mit einem mittleren Stickstoffanteil von ca. 2,7 % N zurückgewonnen werden.
The extended quasiparticle picture is adapted to non-Fermi systems by suggesting a Pad´e approximation which interpolates between the known small scattering-rate expansion and the deviation from the Fermi energy. The first two energy-weighted sum rules are shown to be fulfilled independent of the interpolating function for any selfenergy. For various models of one-dimensional Fermions scattering with impurities the quality of the Pad´e approximation for the spectral function is demonstrated and the reduced density matrix or momentum distribution is reproduced not possessing a jump at the Fermi energy. Though the two-fold expansion is necessary to realize the spectral function and reduced density, the extended quasiparticle approximation itself is sufficient for the description of transport properties due to cancellation of divergent terms under integration.
The T-matrix approximation leads to the delay time as the time two particles spend in a correlated state. This contributes to the reduced density matrix and to an additional part in the conductivity which is presented at zero and finite temperatures. Besides a localization at certain impurity concentrations, the conductivity shows a maximum at small temperatures interpreted as onset of superconducting behaviour triggered by impurities. The Tan contact reveals the same universal behaviour as known from electron-electron scattering.
Führungskräfte in der Sozialwirtschaft stehen vor enormen Herausforderungen. Um sie zu bewältigen, gilt ein Verständnis von Führung, das vorwiegend auf Macht und Autorität setzt, als nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Der Ansatz des Self-Leadership folgt dagegen dem Verständnis, dass durch die effektive Umsetzung selbstbeeinflussender Strategien ein reflektierter Umgang mit dem eigenen Ich möglich wird.
Stormwater tree pits with storage elements enable the irrigation of urban trees and can potentially act as decentralized rainwater retention basins. This paper mainly focuses on analyzing this potential. Field tests were conducted to investigate the irrigation behavior and the storage effect of a storm water tree pit system using Perl hoses as irrigation elements over a period of two years.
The rainfall, storage volumes, and soil moisture within the employed planting pit were measured.
With the help of system modeling, the retention ability of the storm water tree pit system was analyzed. The available storage volume was sufficient to irrigate trees for several days. During the measurement period, about 15% of the inflowing rainwater was fed to the root zone of the tree. With practical storage volumes of 200 to 300 m3/ha, a remarkable amount of water from heavy rainfall could be completely stored, thus significantly reducing the risk of flooding. The retention effect and irrigation behavior largely depend on the soil conditions and the technical possibilities of the equipment supplying the root area (in this case, Perl hoses). Further investigations are required to determine the influence on the growth conditions of trees and optimize of the system for discharge into the root zone.
Angesichts der medialen Präsenz der Themenfelder Sexarbeit und Prostitution sowie deren Komplexität und Undurchsichtigkeit wird u.a. der Frage nachgegangen, wie es im wissenschaftlichen Kontext gelingen kann, systematisch und methodisch kontrolliert vorzugehen, um Sexarbeit und Prostitution von der sie umgebenden Mystifizierung, Instrumentalisierung und Stigmatisierung zu befreien, mit dem Ziel, objektive Perspektiven zu generieren und Befunde zu erzeugen, die den gesellschaftlichen Debatten zugeführt werden können.
Der Beitrag legt das durch zum Teil moralisierende Ansätze und politische Interessen geprägte diskursive Feld mit seinen aktuellen Kontroversen kritisch dar.
This article explores educational media pedagogies that are predominantly non-digital, but nonetheless timely and influential. Design Thinking, Making, and Serious Play are three distinct yet interrelated approaches to problem-solving, resilience and innovation that have gained increased traction in education over the past decade. We explore the similarities and differences between these playful, experiental pedagogies and provide an overview of how these approaches can be integrated effectively into education settings. Finally, we provide transferable examples, including evaluation results, from a weeklong workshop series at Muenster University of Applied Sciences conducted in Spring 2022. The article serves as a theoretically informed practical guide for educators and practitioners seeking to select, implement and evaluate playful pedagogies. It contributes to the understanding of underlying principles, characteristics, potential impact and limitations.
For the increasingly important storage of renewably generated electricity, this review explains the construction of a surface and underground pumped storage
power plant. The problems for the construction of an underground pumped storage power plant are further listed. These are geological, environmental and
economic problems as well as a low acceptance by the population. The geological problems are concerns about leaching of minerals and heavy metals as well as the statics of the cavities. Mining companies in Germany are obligated to renaturalize the landscape areas again, which could be realised by a lake. Furthermore, care must be taken to ensure that the mine water does not come into contact with the groundwater. According to a survey by RISP on the subsequent use of the mine areas for an underground pumped
storage power plant, the acceptance of the population is over 70 percent. The economic consideration concludes that the arbitrage profit for a difference between off-peak and peak of 10 €/MWh is about 2.7 M€/a and for 100 €/MWh about 27.3 M€/a. With investment costs of about 630 M€, despite the assumption of 100 €/MWh, more than 20 years are needed for an underground pumped storage power plant to be amortized. The acceptance could be increased by creating a lake as a recreation area as well as being used as an upper storage reservoir. Thus, the cost of renaturation decrease when combined with the creation of the storage basin. The problem of ground conditions can be solved by creating new cavities by means of tunnel boring at an inclination. For static safety as well as against leaching of minerals and heavy metals, the cavity walls can be sealed with reinforced concrete. The technology of underground pumped storage power plants can be used for better utilisation of renewable energies. This is especially in flat and densely populated regions a possibility to store energy, because the main part of the power plant is underground.
Indicators for the optimization of sustainable urban energy systems based on energy system modeling
(2022)
Background: Urban energy systems are responsible for 75 % of the world's energy consumption and for 70 % of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Energy system models are used to optimize, benchmark and compare such energy systems with the help of energy sustainability indicators. We discuss several indicators for their basic suitability and their response to changing boundary conditions, system structures and reference values. The most suitable parameters are applied to four different supply scenarios of a real-world urban energy system.
Results: There is a number of energy sustainability indicators, but not all of them are suitable for the use in urban energy system optimization models. Shortcomings originate from the omission of upstream energy supply chains (secondary energy efficiency), from limited capabilities to compare small energy systems (energy productivity), from excessive accounting expense (regeneration rate), from unsuitable accounting methods (primary energy efficiency), from a questionable impact of some indicators on the overall system sustainability (self-sufficiency), from the lack of detailed information content (share of renewables), and more. On the other hand, indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, energy costs, and final energy demand are well suitable for the use in optimization models. However, each of these indicators only represents partial aspects of energy sustainability; the use of only one indicator in the optimization process increases the risk that other important aspects will deteriorate significantly, eventually leading to suboptimal or even unrealistic scenarios in practice. Therefore, multi-criteria approaches should be used to enable a more holistic optimization and planning of sustainable urban energy systems.
Conclusion: We recommend multi-criteria optimization approaches using the indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, absolute energy costs, and absolute energy demand. For benchmarking and comparison purposes, specific indicators should be used and therefore related to the final energy demand, respectively the number of inhabitants. Our example scenarios demonstrate modeling strategies to optimize sustainability of urban energy systems.
Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a common side-effect of exposure to virtual reality (VR). Its unpleasant symptoms may limit the acceptance of VR technologies for training or clinical purposes. Mechanical stimulation of the mastoid and diverting attention to pleasant stimuli-like odors or music have been found to ameliorate VIMS. Chewing gum combines both in an easy-to-administer fashion and should thus be an effective countermeasure against VIMS. Our study investigated whether gustatory-motor stimulation by chewing gum leads to a reduction of VIMS symptoms. 77 subjects were assigned to three experimental groups (control, peppermint gum, and ginger gum) and completed a 15-min virtual helicopter flight, using a VR head-mounted display. Before and after VR exposure, we assessed VIMS with the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), and during the virtual flight once every minute with the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS). Chewing gum (peppermint gum: M = 2.44, SD = 2.67; ginger gum: M = 2.57, SD = 3.30) reduced the peak FMS scores by 2.05 (SE = 0.76) points as compared with the control group (M = 4.56, SD = 3.52), p < 0.01, d = 0.65. Additionally, taste ratings correlated slightly negatively with both the SSQ and the peak FMS scores, suggesting that pleasant taste of the chewing gum is associated with less VIMS. Thus, chewing gum may be useful as an affordable, accepted, and easy-to-access way to mitigate VIMS in numerous applications like education or training. Possible mechanisms behind the effect are discussed.
In Germany, the current sectoral urban planning often leads to inefficient use of resources, partly because municipalities lack integrated planning instruments and argumentation strength toward politics, investors, or citizens. The paper develops the ResourcePlan as (i) legal and (ii) a planning instrument to support the efficient use of resources in urban neighborhoods. The integrative, multi-methodological approach addresses the use of natural resources in the building and infrastructural sectors of (i) water (storm- and wastewater) management, (ii) construction and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure, (iii) urban energy system planning, and (iv) land-use planning. First, the development as legal instrument is carried out, providing (i) premises for integrating resource protection at all legal levels and (ii) options for implementing the ResourcePlan within German municipal structures. Second, the evaluation framework for resource efficiency of the urban neighborhoods is set up for usage as a planning instrument. The framework provides a two-stage process that runs through the phases of setting up and implementing the ResourcePlan. (Eco)system services are evaluated as well as life cycle assessment and economic aspects. As a legal instrument, the ResourcePlan integrates resource protection into municipal planning and decision-making processes. The multi-methodological evaluation framework helps to assess inter-disciplinary resource efficiency, supports the spatial identification of synergies and conflicting goals, and contributes to transparent, resource-optimized planning decisions.
Derzeit erreichen die Inflationsraten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland eine Größenordnung, die über Jahrzehnte hinweg nicht vorhanden war. Gerade die jüngste Entwicklung und der damit verbundene Anstieg der
Energiekosten führen zu erheblichen Preissteigerungen.
Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt der folgende Beitrag
mögliche Instrumente vor, um diese Entwicklung in der
Finanzplanung eines Unternehmens berücksichtigen zu können. Hierdurch sollen Ertrags- und Cashflow-Risiken
frühzeitig erkannt und berücksichtigt werden.
A new approach to determine the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen (CHNO) in polymers by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (WDXRF) in combination with partial least squares (PLS) regression was explored. The quantification of CHNO was achieved by using the Rayleigh and Compton scattering spectra of an Rh X-ray tube from 84 different polymers. Concealed differences of the corresponding scattering spectra could be utilized to quantify CHNO in a multivariate manner. It was shown that the developed model was capable of determining these commonly non-measurable matrix elements in polymers using WDXRF. Furthermore, the influence of spectral resolution, which is given by the collimator and the crystal, on the prediction of CHNO was explored in this study. It was found that minimal spectral resolution led to the most accurate CHNO predictions. Information about matrix composition could be used to improve so-called semi-quantitative XRF methods based on fundamental parameters (FP) for the analysis of plastics, soil or other samples with high organic content.
Warum soll ich das Lernen? Lerngründe und Lernwiderstände in der theoretischen Pflegeausbildung
(2022)
Lernwiderstände sind Folge von unangemessener Lernanforderungen, die Lehrende an Schüler_innen richten. Vor allem Leistungsüberprüfungen und Leistungsdruck können Widerstände beim Lernen hervorrufen. Das kann zu negativen Emotionen wie Frustration und Hilflosigkeit beim Lernen führen. Außerdem erleben die Auszubildenden das Lernen als Zwang. Um diesen Problemen beizukommen ist es wichtig, sich die Relevanz von Lernbegründungen bewusst zu machen, damit Lernen als etwas positives wahrgenommen wird.
Background The potential of adopting a healthy lifestyle to fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is not fully used. We hypothesised that the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) reduces weight and other risk markers compared with baseline and control.
Methods 24-month, non-randomised, controlled intervention trial. Intervention: intensive 8-week phase with seminars, workshops and coaching focusing on a healthy lifestyle (eg, plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management) and group support followed by a 22-month alumni phase. Weight reduction as the primary outcome and other NCD risk parameters were assessed at six time points. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.
Results 143 participants (58±12 years, 71% female) were enrolled (91 in the intervention (IG) and 52 in the control group (CG)). Groups’ baseline characteristics were comparable, except participants of IG were younger, more often females, overweight and reported lower energy intake (kcal/day). Weight significantly decreased in IG at all follow-ups by −1.5 ± 1.9 kg after 8 weeks to −1.9 ± 4.0 kg after 24 months and more than in CG (except after 24 months). Being male, in the IG or overweight at baseline and having a university degree predicted more weight loss. After the intervention, there were more participants in the IG with a ‘high’ adherence (+12%) to plant-based food patterns. The change of other risk parameters was most distinct after 8 weeks and in people at elevated risk. Diabetes-related risk parameters did not improve.
Conclusion The HLCP was able to reduce weight and to improve aspects of the NCD risk profile. Weight loss in the IG was moderate but maintained for 24 months. Participants of lower educational status might benefit from even more practical units. Future interventions should aim to include more participants at higher risk.
Trial registration number DRKS00018821.