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Singen kennt kein Alter
(2012)
Gesundheit in ihrer zeitgemäßen Definition beinhaltet den Begriff der Autonomie und muss damit auch ein abweichendes Gesundheitserleben zulassen. Die Fachleute in unserem Gesundheitssystem haben zwar die Verpflichtung, die Bevölkerung über ihre wissenschaftlich fundierten Erkenntnisse zur Gesundheitsförderung und Krankheitsprävention zu informieren, dem Individuum ist andererseits aber keine Verpflichtung zur Befolgung dieser Gesundheitsratschläge abzuverlangen. Eine explizite Pflicht, gesund zu sein, findet sich historisch überwiegend nur in diktatorischen Systemen. Eine Gesundheitspflicht als gesellschaftlich mehrheitsfähiges Konstrukt mit implizitem Zwangscharakter im Sinne des Healthismus ist allerdings schon seit längerer Zeit weit verbreitet.
This report presents the findings related to the supporting mechanisms of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between HEIs1 and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the factors affecting the extent of university-business cooperation that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the barriers and drivers of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved, making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
Attraktiver Kapitalmarkt
(2012)
Evaluation
(2012)
Effects of polypharmacy on outcome in patients with schizophrenia in routine psychiatric treatment
(2012)
Minor Children of Palliative Patients: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Family Interventions
(2012)
Seitenkanäle mit Untiefen: Manche Webanwendungen spielen Angreifern unfreiwillig Informationen zu
(2012)
The Tigray and Afar Water Initiative (TAWI) is a collaboration between the Mekelle University (Ethiopia), the Muenster University of Applied Sciences (Germany) and the Westfalian Wilhelms-University Muenster (Germany). This special initiative is concerned with the rural water supply for the particularly water-scarce regional states of Tigray and Afar in the semi-arid north of Ethiopia. This paper describes a pilot project near the village of Koraro, Hawzen county in the Tigray region and deals with river reaches or creeks which carry water for short periods and only after the longer of two rainy seasons. When these waters run dry, water is still often to be found under the dry beds and is used casually by local people for agricultural purposes. An impermeable wall constructed as a subsurface dam to retain water in the ensuing subsurface micro-reservoir under the bed of such rivers could enable this usage to be intensified and hence enhance the water supply of small local user-groups, while at the same time positively influencing the landscape water balance. Here, the word micro refers to the fact that only the pores of the granular soil of an alluvial river bed are used to store water. Furthermore, storing water underground also avoids the danger of increasing the incidence of diseases such as malaria, a consequence of open water ponds.
The Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Glycemic Levels and Medication Intake:The Rockford CHIP
(2012)
Introduction: The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the past 50 years has led to intense research, resulting in many improvements in treatment. At the same time, type 2 diabetes, with its concomitant increase in vascular complications, has become a serious, exploding and costly public health concern . Diabetes now affects 285 million adults worldwide and 344 million with pre-diabetes. Of these, 25.8 million diabetics and 79 million pre-diabetics are found in the United States alone.The current cost of diabetes in the US is likely to exceed the $174 billion estimate, which includes 2/3 for direct medical costs and 1/3 for indirect costs, such as disability, work loss, and premature death, but omits the social cost of intangibles (e.g. pain, suffering, lower quality of life). The diabetes epidemic has been accompanied by a similarly drastic increase in obesity. Although the relationship between the two developments is a matter of debate, both are presumably caused by changes in dietary habits and an increasingly sedentary modern lifestyle . Compelling evidence has shown that lifestyle changes can effectively prevent or delay the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Because individuals at risk for this disease can usually be identified during the pre-diabetic phase of impaired glucose tolerance, early intervention and lifestyle change offer a logical approach to preventing this disease and its devastating vascular complications. Additionally, community-based lifestyle interventions for high risk groups and for the general population are a cost-effective way of curbing the growing burden of the disease. Solidifying the scientific basis for the prevention, treatment and control of this disease and its implementation on a national level, however, remains a difficult challenge. Moreresearch is needed to provide comprehensive and more effective strategies for weight-loss,especially over time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify diabetics and those at risk (prediabetics) out of the total cohort of 1,517 who selected themselves into an intensive community-based lifestyle intervention program, and to assess its clinical efficacy ineffecting medication status as determined and managed by their personal physicians.
Einfluss eines HIV-Care-Programms auf den Ernährungsstatus von HIV- infizierten Patienten in Kamerun
(2012)
Einfluss eines HIV-Care-Programms auf den Ernährungsstatus von HIV- infizierten Patienten in Kamerun B. Sc. Marion Czech, G. Nkengkfack, H. Englert, Oerlinghausen Zusammenfassung Weltweit sind über 33,3 Millionen Menschen mit dem HI-Virus infiziert (vgl. WHO, 2009). Die Subsahara zählt mit 24,5 Millionen Infizierten zu den Ländern mit der größten HIV-Rate. Allein in Kamerun sind ca. 5,5 prozent der Bevölkerung betroffen (vgl. UNAIDS, 2007). Die Ernährung kann hierbei den Krankheitsverlauf positiv beeinflussen und somit das Auftreten der charakteristischen Symptome von Aids sowie den Beginn der teuren antiretroviralen Therapie verzögern (vgl. Eckert, 2006, Immel, 2006). Durch zahlreiche Faktoren der HIV- Infektion ist bei 20-30 prozent der Patienten bereits in der asymptomatischen Phase der Infektion eine Mangelernährung zu beobachten. Neben dem Absinken des Körpergewichtes kommt es häufig zu einem reduziertem Plasmavitaminspiegel Proteinmangel sowie zu vermehrtem oxidativen Stress (vgl. Biesalski,Fürst, Kasper et. al., 1995, S. 417). Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es die Auswirkungen eines HIV- Care- Programmes auf den Ernährungszustand von HIV- Infizierten Personen in Kamerun im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe darzulegen. Dafür erfolgt eine Messung des Ernährungszustands vor Beginn des HIV- Care- Programmes, sowie nach drei- monatiger Durchführung des Programmes. Parallel finden diese Erhebungen auch bei den Patienten der Kontrollgruppe statt. Für die Erfassung des Body- Mass. Index werden Daten von 30 Patienten der Interventionsgruppe vor Beginn und nach 3- monatiger Durchführung des HIV- Care- Programmes miteinander verglichen. Anhand eines 3- Tage- Protokolls werden von 31 Patienten der Interventionsgruppe, sowie von 31 Patienten der Kontrollgruppe jeweils vor Beginn der Schulungen und nach drei Monaten der Durchführung die Parameter Gesamtenergiezufuhr und Zufuhr der Antioxidantien Vitamin A, C, E, sowie Zink miteinander verglichen. Parallel erfolgt von diesen je 31 Patienten je Gruppe auch die Beurteilung der Verzehrshäufigkeit einzelner Lebensmittelgruppen anhand eines Food Frequency Questionnaires. Der Body- Mass. Index von den 30 Personen der Interventionsgruppe verringerte sich zwischen T0 und T1 nur minimal um 0,33. Bei der Auswertung des 3- Tage- Protokolles zeigte sich eine Erhöhung der Zufuhr der Antioxidantien. Die Vitamine A und C wurden nach drei- monatiger Durchführung des HIV- Care Programms in höheren Mengen zu sich genommen, während sich die Aufnahme dieser Mikronährstoffe innerhalb der Kontrollgruppe nicht in größerem Ausmaß veränderte. Hinsichtlich der Verzehrshäufigkeit lässt sich nach drei Monaten.
Abstract In sub-Sahara Africa, micronutrient deficiency, especially of antioxidant micronutrients including vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, selenium, zinc, and polyphenols is very common in HIV-positive patients. Amongst adults, women are the most vulnerable. Antioxidants are known to play a vital role in the immune system, reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is induced by excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to the HIV infection. Such damage may be prevented or moderated through adequate oral intake of antioxidants, scavenging ROS, as well as protecting cells and tissues against oxidative stress. Antioxidants can be provided to the body through locally available antioxidant rich-diets such as fruit-and-vegetable-based diets and/or dietary supplements. Provision of antioxidants through local diets or dietary supplements exercise beneficial effects on biological markers of the immune system (CD4 and viral load). However, while dietary supplements represent a costly and short-term strategy to limiting antioxidant deficiency, local diets, combined with adequate nutritional education, can provide a low-cost and long-term strategy to reduce oxidative stress, prevent micronutrient deficiency, and slow down HIV disease progression. The former can be applicable in countries around the West, Central, and South coast of Africa, which are rich in natural food resources. In contrast with significant evidence that dietary supplements confer benefits in HIV patients, fewer data are available relating to the benefits of local diets. Thus the need to do more research in this area arises. This review compares available data on effects of antioxidants on CD4 and viral load in HIV-positive women noneligible for antiretroviral therapy. Intake of antioxidants though dietary supplements and local diet, associated with nutritional education, is compared. Studies conducted in sub-Sahara Africa are considered.