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One of the big myths and metaphors of the postmodern age is the Cyborg, which includes a large amount of different meanings. The Cyborg often expresses the transformation and extension of the body and exemplifies a postmodern range of technical determinism and human comprehension. In this perspective the Cyborg is no longer a concept of science fiction, technical apocalypse or cyberpunk, but more a construct that highlights the relation of modern media technologies within our every day culture; as well as the body and mind of spectators and users of these media systems.
We are connected with a variety of poly-sensual media systems, and we use its potential for communication, multiplying knowledge, spatial and temporal orientation or aesthetic experience. Therefore we are a kind of Cyborgs, connected to media by complex multimodal interfaces.
This volume monitors and discusses the relation of postmodern humans and media technologies and therefore refers to Cyborgs, interfaces and apparatuses within the perspective of an autonomous image science.
Völlig neue Bild- und Erfahrungswelten versprechen die jüngsten Produkte der Medienindustrie ihren Usern. Euphorisch investieren Google, Microsoft und Co. Unsummen in digitale Medientechnologien wie Virtual-Reality-Displays. Jeder Blockbuster muss in 3D gedreht werden. Entwicklungen wie diese verdeutlichen nicht nur den hohen Stellenwert, der sowohl der technologischen Seite als auch den ästhetischen Strategien visueller Medien zukommt. Sie werfen auch eine Reihe von Fragen auf: Wie adressieren multimodale Medienarrangements die Sinne der Rezipienten? Welche Rolle spielen Technologie und Wahrnehmung bei der Modellierung von Bildwirkungen?
Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, legt der vorliegende Band den Fokus auf die Analyse medialer Interfaces. Konzentrierte sich die Bewegtbilder-Reihe bislang auf den Film, widmet sich Bild und Interface auch interaktiven Digital- und Computerspielbildern. Dadurch sollen weitere Bausteine einer kritischen Bewegtbildwissenschaft herausgearbeitet werden.
Supercritical sediment-laden open channel flows occur in many hydraulic structures including dam outlets, weirs, and bypass tunnels. Due to high flow velocities and sediment flux severe problems such as erosion and abrasion damages are expected in these structures (Jacobs et al., 2001). Sediment bypass tunnels (SBT), as an effective measure to decrease reservoir sedimentation by bypassing sediments during floods, are exceptionally prone to high abrasion causing significant annual maintenance cost (Sumi et al., 2004; Auel and Boes, 2011). The Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) of ETH Zurich conducted a laboratory study to counteract these negative effects (Auel, 2014). The main goals of the project were to analyze the fundamental physical processes in supercritical flows as present in SBTs by investigating the mean and turbulence flow characteristics (Auel et al., 2014a), particle motion (Auel et al., 2014b; 2015b), and abrasion development caused by transported sediment. Besides new insights into the three listed topics, paramount interest is given to their inter-relations and the development of an easily applicable abrasion prediction model (Auel et al., 2015a). This paper presents selected results on the second topic, i.e. the analysis of saltation trajectories of single coarse particles in supercritical flow.
The derivation of an abrasion prediction model for concrete hydraulic structures valid in supercritical flows is presented herein. The state of the art saltation-abrasion model from Sklar and Dietrich (2004) is modified using the findings of a recent research pro-ject on the design and layout of sediment bypass tunnels. The model correlates the im-pacting parameters with the invert material properties by an abrasion coefficient kv. The value of this coefficient is verified by a similarity analysis to bedrock abrasion in river systems applying a correlation between the abrasion rate and the bed material strength. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the saltation-abrasion model is highly dependent on an adequate estimation of kv. However, as a first order estimate the proposed model en-ables the practical engineer to estimate abrasion at hydraulic structures prone to super-critical flows.
In order to prevent reservoir sedimentation, sediment bypass tunnels can be an efficient countermeasure restoring sediment continuity of impounded rivers. Although supercritical open channel flow conditions in these tunnelsprevent tun-nel blockage, in combination with the high bypassed sediment volume it may lead tosevere abrasion damages on inverts. Consequently,wear termed hydroabra-sionoccurs. Based on laboratoryexperiments, a theoretical model was devel-oped to predict abrasion rates and service life timeof sediment bypass tunnels. Insituexperiments are further conducted for model calibration to provide an abrasion prediction approach for field applications.Finally,recommendations concerning the hydraulic design of the tunnel as well as the structural design ofthe invertareprovided.
Börse
(2015)
Textanalysen im Controlling
(2015)