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The United Nations formulated the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2015 as a comprehensive global policy framework for addressing the most pressing social and environmental challenges currently facing humanity. In this paper, we analyse SDG 12, which aims to ‘‘ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.’’ Despite long-standing political recognition of this objective, and ample scientific evidence both on its importance and on the efficacy of various ways of promoting it, the SDGs do not provide clear goals or effective guidance on how to accomplish this urgently needed transformation. Drawing from the growing body of research on sustainable consumption and production (SCP), the paper identifies two dominant vantage points—one focused on promoting more efficient production methods and products (mainly through technological improvement and informed consumer choice) and the other stressing the need to consider also overall volumes of consumption, distributional issues, and related social and institutional changes. We label these two approaches efficiency and systemic. Research shows that while the efficiency approach contains essential elements of a transition to sustainability, it is by itself highly unlikely to bring about sustainable outcomes. Concomitantly, research also finds that volumes of consumption and production are closely associated with environmental impacts, indicating a need to curtail these volumes in ways that safeguard social sustainability, which is unlikely to be possible without a restructuring of existing socioeconomic arrangements. Analysing how these two perspectives are reflected in the SDGs framework, we find that in its current conception, it mainly relies on the efficiency approach. On the basis of this assessment, we conclude that the SDGs represent a partial and inadequate conceptualisation of SCP which will hamper implementation. Based on this determination, this paper provides some suggestions on how governments and other actors involved in SDGs operationalisation could more effectively pursue SCP from a systemic standpoint and use the transformation of systems of consumption and production as a lever for achieving multiple sustainability objectives.
Nordrhein-Westfalen braucht eine gut aufgestellte Wasserforschung,
um den heutigen und künftigen Herausforderungen im
Land sowie auch national und international gewachsen zu sein.
Eine erste Erfassung der Wasserforschung in Nordrhein-Westfalen
im Sommer 2017 vermittelte Fakten zu Bestand, Defiziten
und Entwicklungspotenzialen. Mehr als 750 Wissenschaftler
forschen in Nordrhein-Westfalen in über neunzig Forschungsgruppen
verschiedener Disziplinen zum Thema Wasser. Die
Schwerpunkte liegen primär in den Ingenieurwissenschaften,
aber auch in den Natur-, Geo-, Sozial-, Wirtschafts- und Rechtswissenschaften.
Universitäten, Fachhochschulen, An-Institute
sowie außeruniversitäre Forschungsinstitutionen tragen zur
breit aufgestellten Wasserforschung bei, die unter anderem in
sechs Forschungszentren und zahlreichen Kooperationsprojekten
untereinander vernetzt ist. Der guten nationalen Vernetzung der
Akteure stehen befriedigende internationale und stark ausbaufähige
europäische Kontakte gegenüber. Die internationale
Sichtbarkeit und Attraktivität der Wasserforschung in Nordrhein-
Westfalen wird ihren Spitzenleistungen in einzelnen Bereichen
nicht gerecht. Ein vertiefter Praxistransfer von Forschungsergebnissen
offeriert der Wasserwirtschaft innovative, praxistaugliche
Lösungen und zudem der Umweltwirtschaft interessantere
Marktchancen. Besonders günstige Randbedingungen
sind in den innovationsfähigen Kommunen und Wasserverbänden
des großen, dicht besiedelten und an Landschaftstypen reichen
Bundeslandes Nordrhein-Westfalen zu sehen. Im nächsten
Schritt wird zu analysieren sein, wie die Potenziale der Wasserforschung
in Nordrhein-Westfalen effizienter genutzt und ausgebaut
werden können, um zur zukunftssicheren und nachhaltigen
Ausrichtung der Wasserwirtschaft in Nordrhein-Westfalen,
zu wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz und umweltwirtschaftlichem Erfolg
des Landes beizutragen.
Steigerung der beruflichen Zufriedenheit durch das Studium in Beratung, Mediation und Coaching?
(2018)
In this paper typical bypass efficiencies of sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) used to counter reservoir sedimentation are described, distinguishing between two layouts of the tunnel intake. It results that SBTs are an effective measure to reduce the sedimentation of dam reservoirs, particularly of type (A) with intake at the reservoir head. The hydroabrasive wear of tunnel inverts is significant and
has to be mitigated by using adequate invert liners. The invert abrasion can be estimated based on an abrasion model where a correct input value of the bed material resistance coefficient is paramount to limit model uncertainties. Based on abrasion measurements at prototype SBTs typical values of the material resistance coefficient are recommended for high-strength concrete, natural stones and steel liners. The field experiences gathered so far and the comparison of various invert materials suggest granite pavers as a promising lining material for severe abrasion conditions.
Beyond managing research partnerships: Partnered research as an integrated methodological approach
(2018)
Diese Arbeit kann im Prüfungsamt des Fachbereichs Architektur eingesehen werden.
Focal companies are embedded in complex supply networks consisting of various suppliers, customers, competitors and complementors. The activities of these actors influence the com-petitive position of the focal companies. Some customers achieve preferred customer status and gain preferential treatment, others have to restrain to being standard customers getting less privileged services. Consequently, buying companies in such markets have to achieve transparency about the relationships of their suppliers towards their competitors and comple-mentors in order to map them and to analyse their impact. Current literature lacks a holistic approach to capture these relationships. In which sources can the focal companies find the desired information? Which kind of information do they really need? And in which situations is the need for transparency high and when is it low? The aim of this research is to examine these relationships using a World Café method with purchasers for data gathering followed by a Gioia method to structure the qualitative data. The result is a list of desired knowledge cov-ering business, supplier and collaboration details; a set of information sources clustered in pub-lished and unpublished sources as well as contingency factors regarding general conditions, changes and particular occasions that require a high supplier relationship knowledge. All an-swers have been rated by their importance during the World Café. The answers can help to operationalise the mapping of supplier relationships towards competitors and complementors in order to assess the own customer status compared to other customers.
Teaching People to program is a crucial requirement for our society to deal with the complexity of 21st-century challenges. In many teaching systems, the student is required to use a particular programming language or development environment. This paper presents an intelligent tutoring system to support blended learning scenarios, where the students can choose their programming language and development environment. For that, the system provides an interface where the students request test data and submit results to unit test their algorithms. The submitted results are analyzed by a machine learning system that detects common errors and provides adaptive feedback to the student. With this system, we are focusing on teaching algorithms rather than specific programming language semantics. The technical evaluation tested with the implementation of Mean and Median algorithm shows that the system can distinguish between error cases with an error rate under 20%. A first survey, with a small group of students, shows that the system helps them detect common errors and arrive at a correct/valid solution. We are in the process of testing the system with a larger group of students for gathering statistically reliable data.