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Faculty
KI-basierte Chatbots erlangen zunehmend Bedeutung im Bereich der Beratung und Therapie zur psychischen Gesundheit. Dabei sind Expertensysteme und generative Systeme als technische Grundlagen hinsichtlich der möglichen Effekte zu unterscheiden. Hinsichtlich der sozialen Effekte in der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion beschreibt und definiert der Beitrag das Phänomen der quasisozialen Beziehung. Besonders relevant sind in diesem Zusammenhang Selbstoffenbarungseffekte, d.h. die Preisgabe persönlicher Informationen, die durch (zugeschriebene) Eigenschaften von Chatbots beeinflusst werden können. In der Beratung zeigt sich das im Teilen von selbstbezogenen Informationen mit einem kommunikativen Gegenüber und führt in Beziehungen zum Aufbau von Nähe. Diskutiert werden Effekte, Chancen und Risiken für die Einordnung des Einsatzes solcher Chatbots in Beratung und Therapie.
Um das organisationale Überleben von Weiterbildungseinrichtungen zu gewährleisten, müssen sich diese verstärkt öffnen. Der Forderung nach Öffnung begegnet die Praxis der Erwachsenenbildung mit der Forderung nach mehr finanziellen Ressourcen. Wenngleich der Ruf nach mehr Geld berechtigt erscheint, braucht es nicht nur eine adäquate Anpassung der Finanzmittel, sondern zugleich ein reflektiertes Verständnis hinsichtlich der (Un-)Möglichkeiten, Weiterbildungseinrichtungen zu steuern und damit auch zu öffnen.
Bringing "Simple Steps" - a Multimedia Package for Autism Specific Behaviour Therapy- to Europe
(2011)
Bringing "Simple Steps" - a Multimedia Package for Autism Specific Behaviour Therapy- to Europe
(2011)
Bürgerengagement fördern und anerkennen. Ein Gesetz soll zu ehrenamtlichem Handeln motivieren?
(2007)
BACKGROUND Children of patients with cancer are at increased risk for developing emotional and behavioral problems. This study explored the prevalence and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems in Children of cancer patients in a multisite research project. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of N = 235 families was recruited simultaneously in 5 university medical centers. The participants, including parents (N = 402) and children (N = 324; ages 11-21 years) completed standardized questionnaires. Emotional and behavioral problems in children were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). On the basis of previous research and using a mixed-model approach, child-, parent-, family- and cancer-related variables were examined in addition to socioeconomic status as potential predictors. Descriptive statistics and a multiple random coefficient model were used in the analyses. RESULTS Compared to norms, Children of cancer patients show increased mean levels of emotional and behavioral symptoms. The best predictor of emotional and behavioral problems from the perspectives of the child, the healthy parent, and the ill parent was general family dysfunction. Although family dysfunction was identified as the main predictor, the analysis revealed that the main part of variance was related to the individual child's level. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that screening for child mental health problems and family dysfunction in oncological and psychosocial treatment units can identify the families most in need of psychosocial support. Psychological services need to be both family-oriented and child-centered and focus on family dysfunction to prevent mental health problems in children.
Christen und Armut
(1998)
Chronisch kranke Kinder in Kindertageseinrichtungen – eine Befragung pädagogischer Fachkräfte
(2015)
Approximately 300,000 asylum-seeking children arrived in Europe in 2015. The chance of experiencing a traumatic event is very high for fleeing children. Since the origin of the refugees is widespread, the languages spoken are diverse. Multilingual electronic patient-reported outcome systems (ePROs) can be used to gather medical data in a foreign language and display the results in the health professionals' language, which helps overcoming the language barrier. Utilizing such a system, a two-phase study aiming to screen refugee minors for potential mental health issues has started. Potential eligible participants are examined using questionnaires with good psychometric properties and cross-cultural applicability. To date, 75 minors and 21 of their relatives participated in the study, being German and Arabic the most desired languages for the electronic survey. Developing a system that provides multilingual questionnaires entails several drawbacks like a cumbersome translation process and dealing with writing directions. The proposed translation process and the ePRO can be re-used in similar studies.
Based on an integration of socioecological systems and intergroup contact theory, we hypothesized that the context in which intergroup contact takes place moderates its association with attitudes toward refugees. To test this prediction, majority members in Germany reported in three studies (Ntotal = 695) how often they have had positive and negative direct and indirect contact with refugees in different contexts and their attitudes toward refugees. While the association between direct contact and intergroup attitudes was relatively context-independent, the association between indirect contact and attitudes toward refugees strongly depended on context. Indirect contact was more strongly associated with attitudes toward refugees in contexts with close relationships (family and friends) than in contexts with distanced relationships (newspaper and TV).
OBJECTIVE Parental cancer increases the risk of psychosocial problems in adolescents. We investigated the frequency and efficacy of adolescents' coping strategies and relationships between those strategies and mental health status. Age and gender differences regarding coping and mental health were also investigated. METHODS In total, 214 adolescents from 167 families participated in a cross-sectional, multicenter study. All participants were recruited from standard oncological care. Among the participants, 52% utilized a child-centered intervention program. Adolescents' coping skills were measured using KIDCOPE. Mental health status was rated by adolescents and parents by the SDQ for symptomatology and the KIDSCREEN for well-being. RESULTS We found that 29% of the adolescents showed emotional and behavioral problems. We found gender differences in mental health status but not in coping. Adolescents used a broad spectrum of coping strategies. Active problem-solving, distraction, acceptance, wishful thinking and seeking social support were the most frequently used coping strategies. The utilization of certain coping skills was mediated by their perceived efficacy. Problem-focused or approach-oriented coping strategies generally are associated with better mental health, while avoidance-oriented coping are associated with worse mental health. Emotion-focused coping was associated with both lower and higher mental health. CONCLUSION The strategies used by adolescents to cope with parental cancer are associated with their mental health. Problem-solving and approach-oriented coping strategies should be facilitated by psychological interventions regardless of age and gender. Age and gender differences in adolescents' mental health should be further investigated because these differences are not explained by differences in coping strategies.