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Vergleich von konventionellen Hg-Dampfstrahlern und LED-Strahlern für photokatalytische Prozesse, 20
(2015)
Supercritical sediment-laden open channel flows occur in many hydraulic structures including dam outlets, weirs, and bypass tunnels. Due to high flow velocities and sediment flux severe problems such as erosion and abrasion damages are expected in these structures (Jacobs et al., 2001). Sediment bypass tunnels (SBT), as an effective measure to decrease reservoir sedimentation by bypassing sediments during floods, are exceptionally prone to high abrasion causing significant annual maintenance cost (Sumi et al., 2004; Auel and Boes, 2011). The Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) of ETH Zurich conducted a laboratory study to counteract these negative effects (Auel, 2014). The main goals of the project were to analyze the fundamental physical processes in supercritical flows as present in SBTs by investigating the mean and turbulence flow characteristics (Auel et al., 2014a), particle motion (Auel et al., 2014b; 2015b), and abrasion development caused by transported sediment. Besides new insights into the three listed topics, paramount interest is given to their inter-relations and the development of an easily applicable abrasion prediction model (Auel et al., 2015a). This paper presents selected results on the second topic, i.e. the analysis of saltation trajectories of single coarse particles in supercritical flow.
The Solis dam was built in 1986 by the Electric Power Company of Zurich (ewz). Ever since the construction, large amounts of sediments accumulated in the reservoir and led to severe sediment aggradation. As a consequence, the storage volume was reduced by about 50% till 2012 causing loss of energy production. Additionally, in the near future sediments may have caused severe damage at the dam due to blockage of the bottom outlets. Therefore, in 2011 and 2012 a sediment bypass tunnel was realized in order to redirect the incoming sediments into the tailwater to inhibit sediment aggradation. Since its inauguration, the tunnel was operated four times including a 100-year flood event in August 2014. First operational experiences are described herein.
The derivation of an abrasion prediction model for concrete hydraulic structures valid in supercritical flows is presented herein. The state of the art saltation-abrasion model from Sklar and Dietrich (2004) is modified using the findings of a recent research pro-ject on the design and layout of sediment bypass tunnels. The model correlates the im-pacting parameters with the invert material properties by an abrasion coefficient kv. The value of this coefficient is verified by a similarity analysis to bedrock abrasion in river systems applying a correlation between the abrasion rate and the bed material strength. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the saltation-abrasion model is highly dependent on an adequate estimation of kv. However, as a first order estimate the proposed model en-ables the practical engineer to estimate abrasion at hydraulic structures prone to super-critical flows.
In order to prevent reservoir sedimentation, sediment bypass tunnels can be an efficient countermeasure restoring sediment continuity of impounded rivers. Although supercritical open channel flow conditions in these tunnelsprevent tun-nel blockage, in combination with the high bypassed sediment volume it may lead tosevere abrasion damages on inverts. Consequently,wear termed hydroabra-sionoccurs. Based on laboratoryexperiments, a theoretical model was devel-oped to predict abrasion rates and service life timeof sediment bypass tunnels. Insituexperiments are further conducted for model calibration to provide an abrasion prediction approach for field applications.Finally,recommendations concerning the hydraulic design of the tunnel as well as the structural design ofthe invertareprovided.
Das Erleben der Praxisanleitung in der Pflege aus Sicht der Auszubildenden und Praxisanleitenden
(2015)
This paper deals with the issue of automating the
process of machine learning and analyzing bio-datasets. For this
a user-friendly website has been developed for the interaction
with the researchers. On this website it is possible to upload
datasets and to share them, if desired, with other scientists. The
uploaded data can also be analyzed by various methods and
functions. The signals inside these datasets can also be visualized.
Furthermore several algorithms have been implemented to create
machine learning models with the uploaded data. Based on these
generated models new data can be classified or calculated. For all
these applications the simplest possible handling was
implemented to make the website available to all interested
researchers.
Die Hälfte des Endenergiebedarfs in Deutschland wird zur Deckung des Wärmebedarfs der Wirtschaft und der privaten Haushalte benötigt; überwiegend erzeugt durch Erdgas und Heizöl. Gerade die energetisch nur unzureichend sanierten Einfamilienhausbestände des ländlichen Raumes bergen ein hohes Potenzial für Energieeinsparungs- und Effizienzsstrategien, um zum einen den Klimaschutz zu fördern und zum anderen eine nachhaltige wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes anzustoßen. Die 9. Steinfurter Bioenergiefachtagung zeigt Strategien und Maßnahmen auf, die zeigen, wie eine "Wärmewende im ländlichen Raum" aussehen kann, welche Chancen und Möglichkeiten sie bietet und warum eine "Wärmewende" strategisch unabdingbar für das Gelingen des Generationenprojektes "Energiewende" insgesamt ist. Die Veranstaltung zeichnet den Pfad von konzeptionellen Ideen über Beispiele aus der Praxis bis hin zu zukunftsweisenden technologischen Ansätzen: Wärmekataster Kreis Steinfurt KWK-Modellkommune Saerbeck Wege zum Bioenergiedorf - Praxisbeispiele Technische Voraussetzungen und Möglichkeiten für effiziente Wärmenetze im ländlichen Raum Finanzierungs- und Fördermodelle für eine gelungene Wärmewende