Refine
Year
Publication Type
- Article (4393) (remove)
Language
Keywords
- Humans (29)
- Child (25)
- Female (23)
- Adolescent (22)
- Male (22)
- Adult (18)
- Middle Aged (13)
- Germany (12)
- Preschool (12)
- Cross-Sectional Studies (11)
Faculty
- Sozialwesen (SW) (793)
- Gesundheit (MDH) (637)
- Wirtschaft (MSB) (494)
- IBL (402)
- Physikingenieurwesen (PHY) (396)
- Oecotrophologie · Facility Management (OEF) (351)
- Chemieingenieurwesen (CIW) (331)
- Energie · Gebäude · Umwelt (EGU) (308)
- Bauingenieurwesen (BAU) (192)
- ITB (129)
- Maschinenbau (MB) (98)
- Elektrotechnik und Informatik (ETI) (68)
- Architektur (MSA) (51)
- keine Zuordnung (49)
- Wandelwerk. Zentrum für Qualitätsentwicklung (47)
- iSuN Institut für Nachhaltige Ernährung (46)
- Design (MSD) (41)
- Center for Real Estate & Organization Dynamics (35)
- Kompetenzzentrum Humanitäre Hilfe (15)
- Gesundheit (4)
- Oecotrophologie · Facility Management (4)
- Bibliothek (2)
- Chemieingenieurwesen (2)
- Bauingenieurwesen (1)
- Institut für Nachhaltige Ernährung und Ernährungswirtschaft - iSuN (1)
- Zentrale Serviceeinrichtungen (1)
Objective:
We examined whether autonomic flexibility to experimentally presented stressors is reduced in somatic symptom disorder (SSD) as this would point to reduced vagal control as a proposed indicator of emotion regulation deficits.
Method:
In this experimental study, the influence of health-related and social stressors on subjective and physiological reactivity was investigated in 29 subjects with SSD without any medical condition SSD(mc−), 33 subjects with SSD with medical condition SSD(mc+) and 32 healthy controls at the age from 18 to 70 years. Self-report and physiological variables were measured before and after/during stressor exposure, using state ratings of symptom intensity, disability, tension and mood, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV).
Results:
Overall, the tension increased and the mood worsened after exposure to stressors compared to pre-exposure. Compared to HC, the two SSD groups showed higher symptom intensity, disability, tension and worse mood. The SSD(mc−) group revealed higher HR than HC (p = .012, d = −0.77). Compared to pre-exposure, symptom impairment increased after social stressor exposure in SSD(mc−) (p < .001, d = 1.36). HRV-root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) only decreased in HC during exposure (p = .003, d = −1.09), not in the SSD groups. The two SSD groups did not differ in their reactivity to stressors.
Conclusion:
HRV in SSD, seems to respond less flexibly to stressors, potentially reflecting overall physiological disturbance through reduced parasympathetic influence on HR. Stress reactivity in SSD(mc−) and SSD(mc+) do not seem to differ.
Auswirkungen des Zinsanstiegs auf das Verhalten von Immobilieninvestoren und Projektentwicklern.
(2024)
Meanwhile, renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar and wind energy and biomass are increasingly being used to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and thus counteract the ongoing global warming. However, these are also associated with environmental impacts. To that effect, this article takes a closer look at tidal power plants, which are classified as hydroelectric power plants, by conducting a systematic literature review. The results show that the strength and form of the environmental impact depends on the specific location and type of plant. Tidal power plants have an impact on the habitats of marine animals and thus influence their behavior and population. In addition, the operation of tidal power plants changes the sediment distribution, causes a reduction in current velocities and a change in current direction in the surrounding area and leads to a change in wave height. The construction of the power plants is associated with noise, which primarily causes changes in the behavior of some species. Furthermore, the electromagnetic fields generated can also affect marine life. In order to assess the environmental impact of tidal power plants in comparison to other renewable energies, further studies should focus on the environmental impact of the different technologies in relation to the energy yield.
This article discusses the use of artificial intelligence
in the wind energy industry, particularly in addressing
challenges and optimizing the expansion of renewable
energies in Germany. It highlights the application
of artificial intelligence in wind forecasts and yield
predictions, bird detection, wind turbine and farm
design, condition monitoring, and predictive maintenance.
Additionally, it introduces the “WindGISKI”
research project, which aims to use artificial intelligence
to identify new areas for wind turbines. The
project utilizes a neural network to analyze and predict
flight routes, potentially reducing bird mortality.
The document also emphasizes the potential broader
applications of “WindGISKI” in other fields of activity,
such as land use planning and city development.
Overall, it underscores the significant role of artificial
intelligence in addressing challenges in wind energy
and outlines the potential for artificial intelligence
to drive the expansion of renewable energies while
addressing key obstacles.
Wind turbine structures take a major role in the
modern conversion to renewable energy sources and
contribute to the creation of a greener world. In recent
years, the development and installation of wind
turbines have seen rapid growth. However, with the
increasing capacity and size of wind farms worldwide,
there are growing concerns about the safety and reliability
of these installations. Therefore, structural
health monitoring and the detection of damage to
wind turbines have gained considerable importance in
research. Wind turbine blades are particularly susceptible
to various types of damage due to environmental
influences. This article provides an overview of signal
responses, sensors used and non-destructive testing
techniques in the field of damage detection on wind
turbine blades. The intention of the article is to give
an insight into the possibilities of structural health
monitoring and at the same time to point out unsolved
problems in this field.
The preservation of water bodies continuity is fundamental
for aquatic communities, particularly for fish
populations. Various structures impede watercourse
continuity, impacting fish migration and habitat distribution.
Conventional fish passages often fall short
in diverse scenarios, prompting the development of
specialized solutions. This article proposes a criteria
catalog for these special fish passage solutions based
on DWA leaflet DWA-A 509. It discusses the need
for these solutions, presents a selection of specialized
options, and outlines criteria from DWA-M 509, construction
guidelines, and economic perspectives. It
scrutinizes criteria ranging from target fish species to
cost considerations. Three examples, including the
Runserau fish lift, the bristle ramp fish lock, and the
Fishcon sluice, illustrate these specialized solutions,
their functionalities, advantages, and drawbacks. Additionally,
the article compiles criteria from industry
standards and guidelines into a comprehensive evaluation
catalog. The criteria, when applied, assist in the
selection of suitable fish passage solutions based on
specific site conditions and fish species requirements.
This holistic approach aims to optimize fishway selection,
fostering the ecological sustainability of watercourses.
However, this catalog remains dynamic
and open to expansion with evolving research and
practical application, urging further exploration and
validation of these criteria through diverse case studies
and technological advancements in the field.
This study identifies supply options for sustainable urban energy systems, which are robust to external system changes. A multi-criteria optimization model is used to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and financial costs of a reference system. Sensitivity analyses examine the impact of changing boundary conditions related to GHG emissions, energy prices, energy demands, and population density. Options that align with both financial and emission reduction and are robust to system changes are called “no-regret” options. Options sensitive to system changes are labeled as “potential-risk” options.
There is a conflict between minimizing GHG emissions and financial costs. In the reference case, the emission-optimized scenario enables a reduction of GHG emissions (-93%), but involves higher costs (+160%) compared to the financially-optimized scenario.
No-regret options include photovoltaic systems, decentralized heat pumps, thermal storages, electricity exchange between sub-systems and with higher-level systems, and reducing energy demands through building insulation, behavioral changes, or the decrease of living space per inhabitant. Potential-risk options include solar thermal systems, natural gas technologies, high-capacity battery storages, and hydrogen for building energy supply.
When energy prices rise, financially-optimized systems approach the least-emission system design. The maximum profitability of natural gas technologies was already reached before the 2022 European energy crisis.
Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nano or microcrystals is a promising technology for sensitive, integrated magnetic-field sensors. Currently, this technology is still cost-intensive and mainly found in research. Here we propose one of the smallest fully integrated quantum sensors to date based on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond microcrystals. It is an extremely cost-effective device that integrates a pump light source, photodiode, microwave antenna, filtering and fluorescence detection. Thus, the sensor offers an all-electric interface without the need to adjust or connect optical components. A sensitivity of 28.32nT/Hz−−−√ and a theoretical shot noise limited sensitivity of 2.87 nT/Hz−−−√ is reached. Since only generally available parts were used, the sensor can be easily produced in a small series. The form factor of (6.9 × 3.9 × 15.9) mm3 combined with the integration level is the smallest fully integrated NV-based sensor proposed so far. With a power consumption of around 0.1W, this sensor becomes interesting for a wide range of stationary and handheld systems. This development paves the way for the wide usage of quantum magnetometers in non-laboratory environments and technical applications.
Partizipatives Design (PD) ermöglicht den Einbezug von Nutzer:innen in den Entwicklungsprozess digitaler Technologien im Gesundheitswesen. Der Einsatz von PD birgt jedoch Hürden, da theoretische und methodische Entscheidungen zu treffen sind. Oftmals werden diese in Forschungsarbeiten in der Versorgungsforschung nicht hinreichend dargestellt oder begründet. Dies kann zu einer eingeschränkten Bewertbarkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit der Ergebnisse führen. Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert drei Schwerpunkte: Erstens wird ein Überblick über die wesentlichen theoretischen und methodischen Entscheidungen gegeben, die im Rahmen des PD aus Perspektive der Versorgungsforschung getroffen werden müssen. Zweitens werden die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen aufgezeigt und drittens Erfordernisse für die zukünftige Anwendung und (Weiter-)Entwicklung des PD in der Versorgungsforschung beschrieben.
Exkursion und Studienprojekt
(2024)
The annual wastewater flow that is treated by public
wastewater treatment plants in Germany amounts
to approx. 10 ∗ 10^9 m3/a and forms an ”artificial” hydropower
potential that can be used for energy generation
or recovery. In the context of this paper, energy
recovery in the outlet of wastewater treatment plants
is examined using the specific example of the water
wheel at the Warendorf central wastewater treatment
plant. The ”artificial” hydropower potential can be
roughly estimated at up to 20 to 105 GWh/a , whereby
this is largely dependent on the hydraulic gradient.
The strong variance results, among other things, from
the findings of the water wheel operation in Warendorf.
The decisive aspect here is the differential factor,
which describes the deviation between the theoretical
and actual energy yield of the water wheel. The
factor includes maintenance work, downtimes and insufficient
inflows, which are associated with a loss of
output. In the case study, the annual energy recovery
amounts to approx. 2 % of the annual electricity consumption
of the wastewater treatment plant and can
be estimated to 23,500 kWh (2022). In the context
of the economic analysis, it can be seen that despite
the ”low” yield, economic operation is possible if the
system is viewed as a long-term investment - payback
period of the example is approx. 14,5 years. The
27-year operation (1996 - 2023) of the water wheel
at the Warendorf central wastewater treatment plant
confirms this and important findings on successful
practical operation can be shown in the context of
this paper.
This document presents a comparative analysis of
horizontal and vertical small wind turbines for urban
areas in three power classes up to 10 kW in different
categories. The main objective was to conduct a market
analysis to assess the marketability of these wind
energy systems. The aim was to make it easier for
potential customers to make a decision. However, due
to the limited availability of data, the project encountered
considerable difficulties. As a result, the study
became a comparative assessment, which led to results
that may not be readily transferable to urban environments,
slightly missing the original objective of the
study. The results underline the difficulties associated
with conducting a comprehensive market analysis in
this sector and highlight the need for an independent
series of tests under specific conditions. The paper
concludes with a plea for future research efforts to
adapt data collection methods to urban conditions in
order to improve the relevance and applicability of
such studies in practice.
The construction and operation of hydropower plants
for energy generation is a major issue in sustainable
energy production. Nevertheless, hydropower plants
have a negative impact on fish populations. It is crucial
to understand the causes and consequences of fish
mortality in hydropower plants in order to find sustainable
solutions that reconcile the need for energy
with the conservation of aquatic ecosystems. This
article examines the fish protection measures that can
be implemented to reduce fish mortality and maintain
ecological balance. Based on the main literature reviewed,
this article mainly refers to Germany in terms
of studies carried out and hydropower plants.
This article analyses the impact of robotics on the
operation and maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind
turbines (OWTs), with a particular emphasis on the
challenges and benefits. As the world’s reliance on
renewable energy, particularly offshore wind, increases
to reduce climate change, the growing number of
OWTs requires effective O&M. Challenges consist
of logistics, accessibility and high costs. The paper
presents the application of climbing robots, unmanned
aerial vehicles and underwater robots to overcome
these challenges.
The combination of multiple robotic platforms, such
as autonomous surface vehicles and autonomous underwater
vehicles, represents a collaborative approach
to O&M. Obstacles include the need for accurate navigation,
building trust between humans and robots,
and research into artificial intelligence.
In conclusion, the integration of robotics in O&M
presents considerable advantages, increasing efficiency,
safety and cost-effectiveness. Further progress and
research into artificial intelligence are crucial in achieving
complete automation, which will transform the
O&M of OWTs.
The pursuit of Offshore Wind Energy (OWE), integral
to the German government’s ambitious renewable
energy goals raises concerns about the environmental
impact of noise emissions on marine life. This paper
delves into the theoretical background of Offshore
Wind Turbine (OWT) noise, exploring its various
phases from the survey to decommission. It examines
the types and causes of noise emissions, their effects
on marine wildlife and potential mitigation measures.
Highlighting the regulatory framework in Germany,
the paper emphasises the need for nuanced approaches
to balance renewable energy objectives with marine
ecosystem preservation.
This review paper provides an initial overview of the
state of the art of common corrosion protection methods
for offshore wind turbines. The functions of the
individual corrosion protection methods and their
interaction are explained. In addition, the specific corrosion
protection of different zones and components
of an offshore wind turbine will be discussed. Finally,
some information is given on current and possible
future developments in this subject area.
This paper outlines the three main areas relevant
to dismantling: the rotor blades, hub and nacelle,
the tower and the foundation. The paper discusses
the dismantling procedures, including the removal of
the top structure, the tower and the foundation, and
evaluates various methods of dismantling the tower,
such as modular dismantling, collapse blasting, folding
blasting, wrecking ball demolition and hydraulic
ram demolition. The assessment of these methods
in practice and the potential challenges and considerations
for future dismantling, particularly as wind
turbine heights increase, are also addressed.
The upscaling of wind turbines has been increasing in
recent years and will continue to play a significant role
in the future, as it allows for the reduction of electricity
generation costs. Various challenges arise when it
comes to upscaling. This article summarizes the technical
challenges associated with upscaling wind turbines
and presenting their problem-solving approaches
and research trends based on other reviews. It was
found that the most frequently cited challenges are
related to individual components, such as rotor blades,
drive train, generator, tower, and noise impact.
For rotor blades, the challenges are increased flexibility,
more aeroelastic vibrations, increased wear,
interferences with radar and transportation difficulties.
Proposed solutions include the use of carbon-fiber
blades, prebending, novel paints, and for transportation,
segmented rotor blades and on-site manufacturing.
In the gearbox, torque increases, leading to
higher weight and susceptibility to errors. As a result,
the trend is moving towards gearless systems with
permanent magnet synchronous generators. Transportation
is the major issue with towers, which can
be resolved with on-site manufacturing. In terms of
noise emission, reducing aerodynamic noise plays the
most significant role.
As Germany aims to increase its utilization of wind
power, the potential threat to bird populations due
to this expansion is a controversial issue. This paper
aims to collect data on the magnitude of bird strikes
on wind turbines, review existing protective measures
and explore innovative solutions. After a thorough
examination of the literature, it was concluded that
although the impact on bird populations is significant,
it may be overemphasized in popular debates. This
statement is not final as further research is necessary
to assess the impact of bird strikes and explore new
solutions. Comprehensive studies on this specific topic
in Germany are limited, which makes a thorough evaluation
challenging. While there are measures in place
to protect species that may be negatively impacted, it
is possible that these measures will not be adequate
for all of them. While several innovative methods
are under examination, progress in testing and implementation
is slow. Lastly, an information problem
was identified. Since the topic is highly politicized
and polarizing, it is crucial to provide the public with
accessible and reliable information on the discussed
themes. This is currently not the case due to a lack
of data and missing information campaigns.
Wind energy plays a major role among renewable
energies. Its expansion is therefore important in order
to achieve the climate targets. Repowering is an
important element in the expansion of wind energy.
On the one hand, it offers a solution for many wind
turbines in Germany that are no longer subsidised due
to their age. On the other hand, modern turbines are
significantly more powerful and enable more efficient
land utilisation. This article provides an overview of
the most important aspects of onshore repowering.
There is a lot to consider when repowering wind turbines.
The legal situation for repowering aims to
be improved through simplified authorisation procedures.
Even though efforts are being made by the
government, there is still room for improvement. The
repowering potential is also dependent on the various
distance regulations to residential buildings in
the federal states. These regulations might also be
improved in the future. Another aspect is the remuneration,
which is now closer to market developments
due to the market premium model. It is also subject
to greater competition as a result of the tendering
process. At the same time, interest rates and turbine
prices have risen, which creates economic challenges
for the operators of future wind farms. Last but not
least, repowering also depends on public acceptance.
This is also to be regulated by law in the future.
Mit der 7. Novelle der MaRisk ist die Notwendigkeit der Berücksichtigung von ESG-Risiken für deutsche Kreditinstitute auch im Kreditprozess angekommen. Um einen Marktüberblick zum aktuellen Umsetzungsstand sowie den geplanten Maßnahmen zur Berücksichtigung von ESG-Risiken im Kreditprozess für Firmenkunden zu erhalten, haben die Autoren zwei umfassende empirische Untersuchungen bei Banken durchgeführt. Als größte Herausforderung bei ESG-Risiken im Kreditprozess haben demnach nahezu alle Institute die Datenerhebung identifiziert. Auswirkungen auf Kreditentscheidungen werden nur von einer Minderheit der Institute (und dann fast immer lediglich in Ausnahmefällen) gesehen. Die Relation von Nutzen und Aufwand wird von den Teilnehmern zudem kontrovers bewertet.
Toward a notation for modeling value driver trees: Classification development and research agenda
(2024)
Working Capital in der Kreditanalyse: Cashflow-Effekte erkennen und Risikosignale identifizieren.
(2024)
This study investigates the role of individual differences in channel choice and switching behavior in a multichannel environment using latent class analysis on data from 1512 customers. Psychographic variables from five domains (risk attitudes, cognitive ability, motivation, personality, and decision-making style) serve as covariates for multichannel customer behavior. We identify six segments that differ significantly on six psychographic variables (readiness to take risks, need for cognition, autotelic and instrumental need for touch, and rational and intuitive decision-making styles). The results advance the theory-building of multichannel customer behavior and present insights for proactively managing customer journeys of distinct segments.
In der 11. Version der Internationalen statistischen Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme (ICD-11) findet sich erstmals die Kategorie der Körperbezogenen repetitiven Verhaltensstörungen (engl. „body-focused repetitive behavior disorders“, BFRBDs), die u. a. die Trichotillomanie (TTM) sowie die Skin-Picking-Störung (SPS) enthält und dem Zwangsspektrum zugeordnet ist. Diese Neuerung umfasst sowohl die Neukategorisierung der TTM, die in der ICD-10 noch bei den „abnormen Gewohnheiten und Störungen der Impulskontrolle“ verortet war, als auch die erstmalige Einführung einer eigenständigen Diagnose für die SPS. Trotz beachtlicher Prävalenzen (TTM: 1–2 %; SPS: 1,4–3,1 %) wurden die TTM und die SPS bislang in Fachkreisen wenig beachtet, was sich neben einem hohen Forschungsbedarf – auch in Bezug auf die nosologische Verortung – insbesondere in mangelhaften Versorgungsangeboten widerspiegelt. Bezüglich der Einordnung im Zwangsspektrum ist kritisch anzumerken, dass die Störungsbilder zwar Ähnlichkeiten mit der Zwangsstörung zeigen, aber dennoch fundamentale Unterschiede in Symptomatik, Ätiologie und Behandlung zu beachten sind. In diesem Kontext sollte davon abgesehen werden, TTM und SPS pauschal als Zwangsstörungen zu bezeichnen. Vielmehr sollten die individuellen Besonderheiten der BFRBD, die sich bei Betroffenen durch eine impulshafte, zwanghafte oder auch suchtartige Phänomenologie äußern können, individuell und differenziert analysiert und behandelt werden, um die bestmögliche Versorgung zu gewährleisten. Insgesamt bietet die Einführung der BFRBD-Kategorie mit einer eigenständigen Diagnose für die SPS in der ICD-11 wichtige Chancen zur Verbesserung der Forschungs- und Versorgungslage.
Potential and risks of water reuse in Brandenburg (Germany) – an interdisciplinary case study
(2024)
For Brandenburg, a region in Germany with increasing water shortage and drought events, water reuse can counteract competition scenarios between drinking water supply, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use. Centralized and decentralized sources for reclaimed water are found to potentially substitute 245 or 28% of irrigation water, respectively, in agriculture production in Brandenburg. For such a reuse scenario, the
fate of organic micropollutants is examined for diatrizoate (DZA) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Retention in local sandy soil and transfer into roots and leaves of arugula are analyzed in lysimeter studies and greenhouse pot experiments. Vertical transport was found for DZA and accumulation in or on arugula roots with a root concentration factor of 1,925+34% but a low bioconcentration factor due to intrinsic molecule properties. CBZ was not found to be mobile in the sandy soil but accumulates in arugula roots and leaves by factors of 70+7% and 155+12%, respectively. Further research on potential plant uptake and groundwater enrichment for more substances is highly recommended as well as tertiary wastewater treatment prior to water reuse.
Wastewater generation model to predict impacts of urine separation on wastewater treatment plants
(2024)
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are under increasing pressure to enhance resource efficiency and reduce emissions into water bodies. The separation of urine within the catchment area may be an alternative to mitigate the need for costly expansions of central WWTPs. While previous investigations assumed a spatially uniform implementation of urine separation across the catchment area, the present study focuses on an adapted stochastic wastewater generation model, which allows the simulation of various wastewater streams (e.g., urine) on a household level. This enables the non-uniform separation of urine across a catchment area. The model is part of a holistic modelling framework to determine the influence of targeted urine separation in catchments on the operation and emissions of central WWTPs, which will be briefly introduced. The wastewater generation model is validated through an extensive sampling and measurement series.
Results based on observed and simulated wastewater quantity and quality for a catchment area of 366 residents for two dry weather days indicate the suitability of the model for wastewater generation and transport modelling. Based on this, four scenarios for urine separation were defined. The results indicate a potential influence of spatial distribution on the peaks of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
Family firm performance through transformational CEO leadership and familiness-related team forces
(2024)
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to test the role of familiness-related team forces induced by the CEO of family firms. In particular, we report on the effects of the transformational leadership style of CEOs on their respective top-management team (TMT) and firm performance when viewed through a familiness lens.
Design/methodology/approach. Survey measures were taken from a snowballed
sample of 72 CEOs of German family firms as well as from 245 members of their TMTs. We tested the aggregated firm-level data with objective performance indicators of the firms they led.
Findings. Support was obtained for the three hypothesized team-force mediations and the four-path mediation model. The relationship between CEO’s transformational style and
high family-firm performance is found to be serially mediated by TMT cohesion, behavioral integration and efficacy. Together, these three types of collective forces are assumed to be the
familiness effect of a family-member CEO with a transformational leadership style.
Originality. With our model we quantitatively tested familiness-type forces vis-à-vis firm performance. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Das Spektrum technischer Filter zur Niederschlagswasserbehandlung reicht von kompakten Anlagen im dezentralen Maßstab bis zu zentralen Anlagen mit mehreren Hektar angeschlossener Fläche. Die hier vorgestellten zentralen Systeme werden im Aufstromverfahren durchflossen. Der Zufluss wird dabei durch Sedimentation oder eine Sedimentation-Lamellen-Kombination vorbehandelt. Das Spektrum der eingesetzten Filtersubstrate ermöglicht den Rückhalt feiner Partikel (AFS63) bis hin zu gelösten Stoffen. Die Rückhaltewirkung von technischen Filtern kann sehr hoch sein, allerdings muss der Kompromiss zwischen Wirkung und Wartung gefunden werden. Die Überwachung der Systeme ist durch Bilanzierung der Füllstände vergleichsweise einfach. Erste Ansätze für eine Bemessung der Systeme werden vorgestellt.
KI-basierte Chatbots erlangen zunehmend Bedeutung im Bereich der Beratung und Therapie zur psychischen Gesundheit. Dabei sind Expertensysteme und generative Systeme als technische Grundlagen hinsichtlich der möglichen Effekte zu unterscheiden. Hinsichtlich der sozialen Effekte in der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion beschreibt und definiert der Beitrag das Phänomen der quasisozialen Beziehung. Besonders relevant sind in diesem Zusammenhang Selbstoffenbarungseffekte, d.h. die Preisgabe persönlicher Informationen, die durch (zugeschriebene) Eigenschaften von Chatbots beeinflusst werden können. In der Beratung zeigt sich das im Teilen von selbstbezogenen Informationen mit einem kommunikativen Gegenüber und führt in Beziehungen zum Aufbau von Nähe. Diskutiert werden Effekte, Chancen und Risiken für die Einordnung des Einsatzes solcher Chatbots in Beratung und Therapie.
Consequences of the consistent exact solution of Einstein{Cartan equation on the time dependence of Hubble parameter are discussed. The torsion leads to a space and time-dependent expansion parameter which results into nontrivial windows of Hubble parameter between diverging behavior.
Only one window shows a period of decreasing followed by increasing time dependence. Provided a known cosmological constant and the present values of Hubble and deceleration parameter this
changing time can be given in the past as well as the ending time of the windows or universe. The comparison with the present experimental data allows to determine all parameters of the model.
Large-scale spatial periodic structures appear. From the metric with torsion outside matter, it is seen that torsion can feign dark matter.