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„Menschen sind seltsame Wesen“ – Manager (wie Konsumenten) sind Menschen, deren Entscheidungs-Verhalten Gegenstand der Verhaltensökonomik ist. Ihr sind eine Vielzahl sozialwissenschaftlicher Disziplinen zuzuordnen. Gemeinsame Klammer der Beiträge dieses Bandes ist die Beschäftigung mit dem sozialen Verhalten von Individuen, Grup-pen und Organisationen im betrieblichen Kontext. Hierzu werden beginnend mit der Auseinandersetzung der Persönlichkeitstypen von Entscheidern ausgewählte grundle-gende Erkenntnisse zu den fundamentalen Management-Prozess-Phasen Entscheiden und Führen aufgezeigt. Mit Beiträgen zur Behavioral Ethics sowie zur Interpretation von Management aus soziologischer Perspektive endet dieser Band 3 der ITB-Schriftenreihe.
Die weitreichenden Potenziale individualisierter Bewegungsförderung für krebskranke Kinder und Jugendliche sollten über den gesamten Zeitraum der Akuttherapie, in der Nachsorge und bei der Rückkehr in den Alltag genutzt und als Bestandteil der Normalität aufrechterhalten und gefördert werden. Dieser Artikel stellt beispielhaft für den Standort Münster Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen aus den letzten 5 Jahren sporttherapeutischer und sportpädagogischer Bewegungsförderung im kinderonkologischen Setting dar und liefert konkrete Zahlen über die Bewegungsumfänge, die erreichten Patienten sowie die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines derartigen Angebots.
Abstract
Purpose
Chronic health conditions and impaired quality of life are commonly experienced in childhood cancer survivors. While rehabilitation clinics support patients in coping with the disease, studies evaluating an inpatient rehabilitation program on promoting physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are missing.
Methods
A 4-week inpatient rehabilitation program was prospectively evaluated. One hundred fifty patients with leukemia or lymphoma (N = 86), brain tumors (N = 38), and sarcomas (N = 26) were enrolled on average 17 months after cessation of acute medical treatment. PA amount and cadence (indicating the intensity of walking activity) using the StepWatch™ 3 Activity Monitor and HRQoL global and physical well-being scores using the KINDL® questionnaire were assessed before, immediately after, and 6 and 12 months following the program and analyzed using multiple linear mixed models.
Results
Significant effects on PA were only found at 12-month follow-up for amount and cadence variables (all p < 0.05). While leukemia and lymphoma patients revealed the highest PA level throughout the study, rehabilitation effects were more pronounced for cadence variables in brain tumor and sarcoma patients. The rehabilitation program had immediate (t = 4.56, p < 0.001) and sustainable effects on HRQoL global scores (6-month follow-up, t = 4.08, p < 0.001; 12-month follow-up, t = 3.13, p < 0.006).
Conclusions
Immediate and sustainable increases in HRQoL indicate that a 4-week rehabilitation program is beneficial for improving psychosocial well-being, while the significant increase in PA levels could be related to general recovery as well. The lack of a control group hampers the evaluation of the rehabilitation program on promoting PA levels in pediatric cancer patients.
Innovative Photoreaktoren in der Reaktionstechnik zur Wertstoffgewinnung und Abwasserbehandlung
(2016)
Anwendung von Leuchtstoffen
(2016)
Kultur/Nation
(2016)
Different methods for optimization the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sugarcane filter cake (FC) with a special focus on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production were studied. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment at different concentrations was investigated in batch experiments and the cumulative methane yields fitted to a dual-pool two-step model to provide an initial assessment on AD. The effects of nitrogen supplementation in form of urea and NaOH pretreatment for improved VFA production were evaluated in a semi-continuously operated reactor as well. The results indicated that higher NaOH concentrations during pretreatment accelerated the AD process and increased methane production in batch experiments. Nitrogen supplementation resulted in a VFA loss due to methane formation by buffering the pH value at nearly neutral conditions (∼6.7). However, the alkaline pretreatment with 6 g NaOH/100 g FCFM improved both the COD solubilization and the VFA yield by 37%, mainly consisted by n-butyric and acetic acids.
Biogaserzeugung und -nutzung
(2016)
Ergonomie und Usability
(2016)
Wie viel ist wenig? Untersuchung zur Quantifizierung physischer Inaktivität an Fahrerarbeitsplätzen
(2016)
Neu zugewanderte Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Jahr 2015
(2016)
Sediment Bypass Tunnels are operated to divert sediment around reservoirs reducing reservoir sedimentation. A major drawback of these tunnels is severe invert abrasion due to high velocity and sediment flows. There is an urgent need to establish innovative measurement systems of sediment transport rates in SBTs. In this paper, three bedload measuring systems, namely hydrophones, geophones, and newly developed plate microphones are introduced and compared. The Koshibu SBT is planned to operate from 2016. Plate microphones combined with geophones and other planned systems are installed in the tunnel. Results of preliminary tests and installation plans of bedload
measurement are presented.
Positive effects of reservoir sedimentation management on reservoir life: Examples from Japan
(2016)
The effectiveness of different strategies against reservoir sedimentation is demonstrated herein using data sets of Asahi, Nunobiki and Dashidaira reservoirs in Japan. The applied strategies encompass
sediment routing with a bypass tunnel, drawdown flushing during floods and sabo dam construction in the catchment. It is shown that bypassing and flushing are very efficient strategies enlarging reservoir life by 3 to 21 times up to many hundreds of years. Furthermore, it is revealed that also efforts in the catchment, e.g. sabo dam construction, is effective enlarging reservoir life by 2.4 times.
To understand the effects of sediment bypass on environmental recovery of the degraded channels below dams, bed topography and bed materials above and below dam reaches were surveyed by ground-based measurements and aerial photos using quadrocopter. Coarse bed materials such as boulders were more represented below than above the Koshibu dam, where the bypass tunnel had not been in operation yet. The coarse materials formed steps and protruded in the water column within riffles and runs, both of which can increase slow-flow areas, below the dam. On the other hand, sand, gravel, and cobbles were abundant below as much as above the Asahi dam, where the bypass tunnel had been operated for >17 years. The downstream environment in terms of bed topography and grain size seems to have almost been recovered for the Asahi dam. However, less representation of large cobbles and boulders below the dam suggested a possibility of a selective deposition of coarse materials at the upstream of the bypass tunnel inlet.
For long term use of dams, it is required to develop methods of sediment management in reservoirs.
As one method, Sediment BypassTunnels (SBT) are operated in Japan and Switzerland to prevent reservoir sedimentation. SBT reduces sedimentation in reservoirs by routing the incoming sediments around the dam. SBT, however, is prone to severe invert abrasion caused by high sediment flux. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a measurement system of sediment transport rates in the SBT. A geophone was experimentally investigated in a laboratory flume at ETH Zurich. The sediment transport rate is calculated based on the plate vibration caused by hitting of gravels. In this paper, in order to alleviate disadvantages of a geophone, two newly developed sensor systems, a plate microphone and plate vibration sensor, are suggested and the results of their calibration experiments are shown. Finally, they are compared with the existing methods.
Sediment, which deposits and damages the function of reservoirs, is an essential element of aquatic habitats in downstream ecosystems. We reviewed ecosystem features of degraded channels associated with sediment deficiency below dams and ecosystem responses to changes in sediment conditions after management practices in Japan. Sediment bypass tunnel (SBT) is an effective way to transport sufficient amount of sediment to downstream ecosystems. Based on a concept of suitable mass and size of sediment for ecosystem, some effects and limitations of SBT on downstream ecosystems were discussed.
Sediment bypass tunnels are an effective and sustainable strategy against reservoir sedimentation. Sediments are diverted into the down-stream during floods without deposition in the reservoir, hence mor-phological and ecological variability increases. One major drawback of these tunnels is the severe invert abrasion due to a combination of high flow velocities and bedload sediment transport. The abrasion phenom-ena is briefly described, different abrasion prediction models are pre-sented and their applicability for the estimation of concrete abrasion is discussed.
Im internationalen philosophischen und kognitionspsychologischen Diskurs erleben Überlegungen zum Embodiment momentan einen nie dagewesenen Aufschwung. Daher verwundert es nicht, dass auch im Kontext aktueller Entwicklungen der digitalen und immersiven Medientechnologien die Rolle des Leibes sowohl im theoretischen als auch im anwendungsorientierten Bereich mit neuer Verve betont wird.
Auf diese Entwicklung Bezug nehmend, stellt der vorliegende Band die Interaktion zwischen dem Medialen und den somatischen, neuronalen und mentalen – also verkörperten – Prozessen, die bei der Rezeption von Medieninhalten aktiv sind, in den Fokus. Denn erst die Analyse des Verhältnisses von Bildtechnologien und Embodiment erlaubt es, die Erlebnisdimensionen und Sinnhorizonte audiovisueller Artefakte von ihrer leiblichen Basis her näher zu beschreiben.
In the new media environment, how are bodies and images related? How can, in other words, the human body be integrated with and reformulated in relation to the sensory and perceptual dimension? In response to this question, Image Embodiment looks not just to images and surface appearences but addresses at a deeper level the media that act as the supports for aesthetics. To think about visual culture in the twenty-first century necessarily implies the thinking of the specific role of media technologies. A view to media not only teases out the technical infrastructure of images but brings with it the potential for addressing the different sense modalities and realities of the human body. Recent theories of the sensory turn are effectively highlighting innovative approaches for an autonomous image science and media theory in general. Image Embodiment provides one part of the discourse to synchronize the concepts of image and body, which is then able to connect the perspectives of philosophy of mind, perceptual theory and media as well as image science. This volume monitors and discusses the relation of media and the human body and refers to images, embodiment and the sensory turn within the perspective of an autonomous image science.
Die Einstellung zu Inklusiver Bildung wird in Forschungskontexten als ein wesentlicher Prädiktor für deren gelingende Realisierung im Bildungssystem beschrieben. Nationale und internationale Studien beziehen sich jedoch vorrangig auf Einstellungen von Personen, die im schulischen Kontext tätig sind. Ein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Erhebung der Einstellungen frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte
liegt bislang nicht vor. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein Instrument zur Erhebung der Einstellung von Lehrkräften zu Inklusiver Bildung von Kindern mit Beeinträchtigungen (Mahat, 2008) für den deutschsprachigen Raum und den Einsatz bei pädagogisch tätigen Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen adaptiert („Multidimensional Attitudes toward Preschool Inclusive Education Scale“, MATPIES). In einer Stichprobe von 1030 Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen liegen die Werte zur internen Konsistenz der Subskalen zwischen .73 bis .83; dies entspricht weitgehend den Reliabilitätskennwerten der Originalversion. Wie beim Original korrelieren die Subskalen auf einem mittleren bis hohen Niveau (r = .57 bis r = .66). Signifi kante Gruppenunterschiede in der Einstellung zu Inklusiver Bildung zwischen Fachkräften, die sich in ihren Erfahrungen
im Umgang mit Kindern mit Beeinträchtigungen unterscheiden, liefern erste Hinweise auf die kriteriumsbezogene Validität der MATPIES. Durch den Einsatz des Instrumentes können Effekte von Maßnahmen zur Personalentwicklung in Kindertageseinrichtungen (z. B. Fortbildungen zum Thema Inklusion) auf die Einstellungen frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte erhoben werden.