Refine
Year
- 2023 (68) (remove)
Publication Type
- Lecture (31)
- Article (18)
- Conference Proceeding (10)
- Report (5)
- Contribution to a Periodical (2)
- Part of Periodical (1)
- Sound (1)
Keywords
- Hochwasser (7)
- Überflutung (6)
- Bewässerung (5)
- Starkregen (5)
- Überflutungsvorsorge (5)
- Trinkwasserinstallation (4)
- Hitzevorsorge (3)
- Klimawandel (3)
- Schwammstadt (3)
- Trinkwasser (3)
Faculty
- Energie · Gebäude · Umwelt (EGU) (68) (remove)
Durch ihre multifunktionale Wirkung leisten Baumrigolen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Klimafolgenanpassung. Baumrigolen kombinieren die Bewässerung von Stadtgrün mit dem Rückhalt und der Versickerung von Oberflächenabflüssen. Vor allem die Sys-teme mit Speicherelementen können zur Reduktion des Überflutungsrisikos beitragen. Den Baum selbst zeichnet bereits seine gestalterische Wirkung im urbanen Raum aus. Zusätzlich beeinflussen Bäume durch Beschattung und Verdunstung das Stadtklima positiv. Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen von Rigolensystemen im Nottul-ner Gemeindebereich belegen den positiven Effekt im wasserwirtschaftlichen Kontext. Durch Simulationsrechnungen und Messdaten wurden die versickerten und verduns-teten mit den abgeleiteten Abflussanteilen verglichen. Bislang zählen allerdings die Bedürfnisse von Bäumen nicht zu Fragestellungen, die bei der Bemessung wasser-wirtschaftlicher Systeme im Fokus stehen. Hier besteht noch erheblicher Klärungsbedarf.
Traditionelle, lineare Energiesysteme werden zunehmend zu vernetzten, regenerativen Energiesystemen transformiert. Mit dem auf dem „Open Energy Modelling Framework” (oemof) basierenden „Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator” (SESMG) wurde ein Tool entwickelt, welches die Komplexität und Wechselwirkungen moderner Energiesysteme auf urbaner Ebene automatisiert abbildet. Zur Erstellung individueller Energiesystemmodelle sind ausschließlich quartiersspezifische Parameter notwendig, technische und wirtschaftliche Parameter sind standardmäßig hinterlegt. Mit Hilfe von Algorithmen werden Energieversorgungsszenarien identifiziert, welche individuell definierte Zielgrößen (z. B. monetäre Kosten oder Treibhausgasemissionen) minimieren. Durch die implementierten Methoden zur Modellvereinfachungen können auch mit begrenzten Rechenressourcen (insb. Rechenzeit und Arbeitsspeicherbedarf) große Systeme modelliert und optimiert werden. Die Zielszenarien werden als Diagramme und für die Weiterverarbeitung mit Geoinformationssystemen aufbereitet, sodass die Ergebnisse analysiert, plausibilisiert und präsentiert werden können.
Local and regional energy systems are becoming increasingly entangled. Therefore, models for optimizing these energy systems are becoming more and more complex and the required computing resources (run-time and random access memory usage) are increasing rapidly. The computational requirements can basically be reduced solver-based (mathematical optimization of the solving process) or model-based (simplification of the real-world problem in the model). This paper deals with identifying how the required computational requirements for solving optimization models of multi-energy systems with high spatial resolution change with increasing model complexity and which model-based approaches enable to reduce the requirements with the lowest possible model deviations. A total of 12 temporal model reductions (reduction of the number of modeled time steps), nine techno-spatial model reductions (reduction of possible solutions), and five combined reduction schemes were theoretically analyzed and practically applied to a test case. The improvement in reducing the usage of computational resources and the impact on the quality of the results were quantified by comparing the results with a non-simplified reference case. The results show, that the run-time to solve a model increases quadratically and memory usage increases linearly with increasing model complexity. The application of various model adaption methods have enabled a reduction of the run-time by over 99% and the memory usage by up to 88%. At the same time, however, some of the methods led to significant deviations of the model results. Other methods require a profound prior knowledge and understanding of the investigated energy systems to be applied. In order to reduce the run-time and memory requirements for investment optimization, while maintaining good quality results, we recommend the application of (1) a pre-model that is used to (1a) perform technological pre-selection and (1b) define reasonable technological boundaries, (2) spatial sub-modeling along network nodes, and 3) temporal simplification by only modeling every nth day (temporal slicing), where at least 20% of the original time steps are modeled. Further simplifications such as spatial clustering or larger temporal simplification can further reduce the computational effort, but also result in significant model deviations.
Klimawandel: Hitzewellen und Starkregen. Krameramtsversammlung (KAPTAN), am 7. Januar 2023 in Beckum
(2023)
Baumrigolen und (Stadt-)Bäume zeichnen sich durch eine multifunktionale Wirkung aus. Bäume prägen das Stadtbild, spenden Schatten und kühlen durch Verdunstung. Der Rigolenkörper speichert Wasser, dass unmittelbar in den Untergrund eingetragen und teilweise auch zur Baumbewässerung verfügbar ist. Darüber hinaus kann die Rigole einen Beitrag zur Überflutungsvorsorge leisten.
The Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG) is a tool for modeling and optimizing energy systems with a focus on urban systems. The SESMG is easily accessible as it comes with a browser-based graphical user interface, spreadsheets to provide data entry, and detailed documentation on how to use it. Programming skills are not required for the installation or application of the tool. The SESMG includes advanced modeling features such as the application of the multi-energy system (MES) approach, multi-objective optimization, model-based methods for reducing computational requirements, and automated conceptualization and result processing of urban energy systems with high spatial resolution. Due to its accessibility and the applied modeling methods, urban energy systems can be modeled and optimized with comparatively low effort.
Entwicklung eines Konzeptes zur Nachrüstung von Regenklärbecken mit technischen Regenwasserfiltern
(2023)
The Educational Journal of Renewable Energy Short Reviews (EduJRESR, formally published as `EGU Journal of Renewable Energy Short Reviews') is a teaching project rather than a regular scientific journal. To publish in this journal, it is a premise to take part in the master course wind power, hydro power and biomass usage at the department of Energy, Building Services and Environmental Engineering of the Münster University of Applied Sciences.
Students receive an equivalent of 2.5 credit points (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System - ECTS) for their engagement in the course and for publishing a short review article of at most 3000 words in this periodical. The publication process closely mimics the typical publication procedure of a regular journal. The peer-review process, however, is conducted within the group of course-participants.
Although being just an exercise, we think that publishing the outcome of this course in a citable manner is not only promoting the motivation of our students, but may also be a helpful source of introductory information for researchers and practitioners in the field of renewable energies. We encourage students to write their articles in English, but this is not mandatory. The reader will thus find a few articles in German language. To further encourage students practicing English writing, perfect grammar is not part of the assessment.
We especially thank our students for working with LaTeX on Overleaf, although LaTeX is new to some of them. In this way, the editorial workload was reduced to a minimum. We also thank our students for sharing their work under the creative commons attribution licence (CC-BY). We appreciate their contribution to scientific information, being available to every person of the world, almost without barriers. We also thank the corresponding authors and publishers of the cited work, for granting permission to reuse graphics free of charge. All other figures had to be replaced or removed prior to publication.
The use of wind power is rapidly expanding worldwide. It is important to examine the impact of wind turbines on the environment to see if they provide a net benefit and to identify potential for improving. Therefore life cycle assessments (LCA) of different wind turbine types are compared in this short review. The results are then shown side by side in tables for comparison. Overall the LCAs show that wind turbines compensate the required energy and emitted pollutants after approx. 6-16 months. The energy payback period (EPP) for 2 MW onshore wind turbines remained roughly the same since 2009 with approximately 7 months. Onshore wind turbines have a higher impact due to emissions but a shorter EPP than offshore wind turbines. The estimated service life of 20 years should be maximized to ensure a high energy yield ratio. The biggest impact on the environment results from the processes to provide the building material e.g. steel and cement. That impact could be reduced by 20 % if recycled steel would be used. It is shown that wind power is one of the cleanest energy sources. But further investigations in material processing and recycling are important to improve the eco-balance of wind turbines.
This review is about where and which tidal power systems are currently deployed. It starts with an insight into the variety of different tidal power systems. With the help of a list from the European Marine Energy Center about currently used systems for tidal power plants, it quickly becomes apparent that two systems stand out. These are the vertical and horizontal turbines. The latter are particularly common, as they are used for both tidal stream and tidal range power plants. Determining the regions with high potential for tidal power is not always easy due to the many influencing factors. Influencing factors are, for example form and conditions of the seabed, topographical features of the coast or currents in the sea [1]. Therefore, each region must be considered separately. n this paper the focus is on the UK, the literature shows that the coastal regions around the UK provide about 50 TWh/year of the European tidal power potential. This is due to the location between the oceans and the geological conditions, which act as a channel for the tides. The two areas with high potential where planning
and construction of tidal power plants is currently underway are in the north of Scotland and in the southwest of England in the Bristol Channel.
This review paper presents a short overview of current power system modelling tools especially used for analysing energy and electricity systems for the supply and demand sector. The main focus of this review lies on open source tools and models which are written and used in the programming language “Python”. The modelling tools are represented in a comprehensive table with key information. Five modelling tools with an open source license can be filtered out. The modelling tool PyPSA can be considered as a high performing tool especially as the gap between power system analysis tool (PSAT) and energy system modelling tool.