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Experimental learning & reflection: how it promotes competence development in business education
(2019)
Identification of noise pollution in neonatal intensive care units based on work process analyses
(2019)
Numerical Verification of the Thermodynamic Determination of the Hydraulic Efficiency of Radial Fans
(2019)
Assessment of Compressible RANS and LES Methods for Organic Vapor Flows Past a NACA4412 Airfoil
(2019)
Stagnation Flow and Heat Transfer From a Finite Disk Situated Perpendicular to a Uniform Stream
(2019)
The water balance of urban areas differs considerably from the landscape water balance. Increased surface runoff, reduced groundwater recharge and evaporation change the hydrological regime, the morphology and ecology of water bodies close to the cities, the groundwater in the urban area and the urban climate. Today's urban drainage systems are designed to prevent, reduce, drain, seep away, evaporate or discharge precipitation into nearby surface waters with considerable delays. In doing so, it follows the principles of the German Water Resources Act (WHG) and the objectives of the relevant technical regulations DWA-A 102 to keep changes in the natural water balance by settlement activities as low as ecologically, technically and economically acceptable. A reference for the "natural" water balance has to be defined as a planning objective in order to quantify the hydrological changes in settlements. As a suitable reference, we propose to use the water balance of the landscape of the associated ecoregion with today's cultural land use without urban developments. This approach is more suitable to define local conditions than the water balance of the enclosed catchment. The presented calculation approach to define reference values of the water balance, uses soil and geological properties, precipitation and climate data and can be implemented and applied uniformly throughout Germany. The water balances in this study are simulated with the water balance model RoGeR. In this study, the developed approach is applied for five locations in Germany.
The in-situ performance of large decentralised stormwater treatment systems is investigated by means of continuous turbidity measurements. Turbidity measurements are used as a surrogate to continuously estimate Total Suspended Solid (TSS) concentrations. TSS event loads are calculated at the inlet and outlet of two stormwater treatment systems, which both are installed at the outlet of catchments with high pollution potential. The event-specific performance is defined as ratio between TSS loads of inflow and outflow. Based on measurement data obtained, the overall TSS load retention efficiency is about 32 %.
For a long time, a large number of top managers in listed companies have regarded communication with their shareholders as a necessary evil and now, in times of activist investors, are faced not only with the great challenges of opening up to shareholders and revealing their own corporate strategy, but also at the same time have to withstand the massive external pressure from activist investors, who are rarely majority shareholders. To achieve this, it is essential that a complete rethink-ing of the communication strategy of those responsible for the company takes place.
Anomaly transport
(2019)
The quality management system of FH Münster, a German university of applied sciences with 15.000 students, was established ten years ago. The main goal was to systematically foster reflection on quality issues in all faculties. In 2016, the concept was transferred to the level of institutional reaccreditation: A procedure called „cumulative accreditation“ was implemented, including e.g. a public symposium.
On both levels, the author experienced that joint reflection on quality issues may encourage academics to change habits and improve study programmes. However, sometimes desirable changes will not happen. Instead of asking for sanctions and incentives, the article suggests another approach: the creation of learning opportunities for university members.
Learn anything, anytime, anywhere is the mantra for learning in the digital age. Digital learning opportunities are increasingly challenging traditional classroom learning – but what does this mean for the conceptual design and design-in-use of campus spaces as learning locations? Does space really not matter in learning? During a two-day design thinking workshop an interdisciplinary group of 17 students produced ideas for new learning spaces and mapped out their spatial learning journeys through campus offerings and daily routines. The article describes the workshop concept and resulting insights gleaned from interviews, customer journeys, and prototyping. It offers ideas and examples for creating inviting learning spaces and cultures that focus on co-presence both with and without digital tools.
A major requirement for Credit Scoring models is of course to provide a risk prediction that is as accurate as possible. In addition, regulators demand these models to be transparent and auditable. Thus, in Credit Scoring very simple Predictive Models such as Logistic Regression or Decision Trees are still widely used and the superior predictive power of modern Machine Learning algorithms cannot be fully leveraged. A lot of potential is therefore missed, leading to higher reserves or more credit defaults. This talk presents an overview of techniques that are able to make “black box” machine learning models transparent and demonstrate how they can be applied in Credit Scoring. We use the DALEX set of tools to compare a traditional scoring approach with state of the art Machine Learning models and asses both approaches in terms of interpretability and predictive power. Results show that a comparable degree of interpretability can be achieved while machine learning techniques keep their ability to improve predictive power.
Lifestyle diseases are linked with hyper-reactivity of inflammatory and immune cells. These cells generate free radicals in the patients, which results in oxidative stress. Recent studies have brought attention to the role of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Our research was focused on studying the effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention program on oxidative stress paraments in the plasma of a rural German community. In our study, we examined 105 participants in the intervention group and 70 participants in the control group. The intervention group received 10 weeks of intensive intervention in the form of seminars and workshops. The plasma levels were analyzed at baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention. This is a first-of-itskind study which elucidates the impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention program on the oxidative stress markers in German rural participants. The primary focus of our study was to motivate and encourage participants to switch over toward a healthier lifestyle by improving their knowledge and making them more aware of the principles of healthy living. This may be a useful community program approach, modifiable for different communities by health-services planners in the coming future.
Digitalization and sustainable development are goals of the global community, but can they also be achieved simultaneously? This article investigates the impacts of additive manufacturing (AM) on sustainable production and consumption. The use of AM technology as a means of digitalizing manufacturing processes is assessed through a qualitative life cycle analysis.
The model developed for this purpose provides a structure for an analysis of the general ecological effects of AM. The systematics of the life cycle model also supports a company-specific assessment.
AM can have a positive impact on achieving sustainable development with regards to ecological effects, particularly by reducing the consumption of resources in production and distribution. However, there are also negative ecological impacts of this technology, such as rebound effects and high energy consumption, which vary depending on the application and the printing process. It appears necessary for regulatory policy to intervene to maximize the opportunities for the positive effects of this technology. However, it is important to reduce the risks that contradict the objectives of the 12th Sustainable Development Goal of the UN: sustainability of consumption and production.
The Portable Document Format, better known as PDF, is one of themost widely used document formats worldwide, and in order to en-sure information confidentiality, this file format supports documentencryption. In this paper, we analyze PDF encryption and showtwo novel techniques for breaking the confidentiality of encrypteddocuments. First, we abuse the PDF feature ofpartially encrypteddocuments to wrap the encrypted part of the document withinattacker-controlled content and therefore, exfiltrate the plaintextonce the document is opened by a legitimate user. Second, we abusea flaw in the PDF encryption specification to arbitrarily manipulateencrypted content. The only requirement is that a single block ofknown plaintext is needed, and we show that this is fulfilled bydesign. Our attacks allow the recovery of the entire plaintext of en-crypted documents by using exfiltration channels which are basedon standard compliant PDF properties.We evaluated our attacks on 27 widely used PDF viewers andfound all of them to be vulnerable. We responsibly disclosed thevulnerabilities and supported the vendors in fixing the issue
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries and worldwide. The concentrations of serum total and LDL cholesterol as well as a higher intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (ccIMT) are associated with higher CVD risk. Measuring ccIMT makes it possible to already assess the atherosclerotic process at the subclinical stage. Methods: A two-year nonrandomized, controlled intervention study with 6 times of measurement (baseline; at 10 weeks; at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months). Participants of the intervention group (n = 112) took part in a ten-week intensive lifestyle program (including bi-weekly group sessions, workshops, and personal health coaching at baseline and at 10 weeks), followed by a less intensive phase (monthly lifestyle education group sessions). The control group (n = 87) did not take part in any program. In both groups, CVD-related parameters were assessed, including cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL), ccIMT (not assessed at 10 weeks), as well as health behavior (questionnaires). In between group means were compared with ANOVA using IBM SPSS 24. Results: After 10 weeks, the intervention group showed a reduction in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol values compared to baseline (p < 0.01). In the control group, these parameters did not change. After 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference in ccIMT change between intervention and control. The 6-month blood results are not available
yet. Conclusion: Our lifestyle program led to clinically relevant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol. Continued follow-up will show whether the improvement of cholesterol levels will be maintained in the intervention group and whether ccIMT will differ between intervention and control.
Strategically Aligning Additive Manufacturing Supply Chains for Sustainability and Effectiveness
(2019)
This paper builds on a previously developed framework that integrated additive manufacturing, life-cycle analysis, and value creation (Feldmann & Kirsch, 2019) by exploring conditions related to the life-cycle approach that would require alignment among suppliers, additive manufacturing firms, and customers. This extension creates a bridge to aid implementation of taking a sustainability approach to additive manufacturing. In order to develop this extension, we distinguish between direct/indirect customers and internal/external customers and then create a matrix of incentives and cognitive frames that we believe will help companies interested in large-scale AM improve both the speed and the effectiveness of AM adoption. We provide an organizing framework that managers can use to create a supply chain that is aligned around closed-loop principles that will help speed adoption and move closer to sustainable goals that exist for AM technologies. These include reduced raw material use, reduced scrap and material overage, and reduced rework, and lower transportation costs. The goal is to attain often-conflicting goals of lower long-term costs and decreased environmental footprint. Using our extension, we believe we can provide a useful framework to help managers implementing advanced manufacturing technologies to achieve lower costs and greater environmental sustainability by creating a common supply chain framework around customized, on-demand products.
Most companies have realized the high importance of becoming the preferred customers of their suppliers to obtain preferential resource allocation. However, they cannot evaluate their own customer attractiveness properly. In order to make the assessment of the own customer status possible, this paper analyzes the impact of several information sources on the preferred customer status knowledge, supplier satisfaction knowledge and knowledge of alternative supplier relationships with other customers. Testing these hypotheses on a sample of 624 pur-chasers, we show that people provide more relevant information on the company’s strategic positioning than media. In particular, the suppliers, competitors and other actors are very im-portant information sources. Following our findings, purchasers should adopt their activities in order to better anticipate their suppliers’ intention and the customer treatment that they can expect from their suppliers.
Buying firms lack transparency about the supplier relationships in their networks. The applica-tion of dedicated tools such as Supply Network Mapping (SNM) can help to visualize and analyze these relationships. However, the impact of such tools on the purchasing performance has not been explored yet. Moreover, companies with different competitive strategies might have different motivations to use these tools. Therefore, this paper tests the impact of supplier relationship information and SNM on the purchasing performance on a large sample of 624 purchasers. A multi-group analysis in structural equation modeling estimates the impact of a cost leadership versus a differentiation strategy on cost saving and innovation performance. We show that information quality and SNM indeed improve the purchasing performance. Moreover, cost leaders use SNM if they know their supplier relationships with sub-suppliers, while innovation leaders use it if they know their supplier relationships with other customers. Hence, our results prove the usefulness of the SNM tool and give recommendations for its use depending on a company’s competitive strategy.
One way or another – The relationship between trust and transparency in buyer-supplier relationships
(2019)
Based on a variety of environmental, technological, and product-orientated changes, there has been a shift towards increased collaboration between buyers and suppliers. This paper examines the mutual influence of trust and transparency at different developmental stages of these collaborative relations. In particular, the research investigates the existence of a direct correlation between trust and transparency, as well as indirect dependencies to each other through environmental factors. An extensive literature review combined with an exploratory-qualitative World Café method was conducted in an attempt to fill the research gap regarding the correlation of trust and transparency in buyer-supplier relationships.
Particularly in times of disruptive changes, companies need an early warning system for risks in their supply chains to gain relevant information in a timely manner. Furthermore, they require suitable action plans and strategies to help react when a risk occurs. Based on an in-depth case study at an automotive parts supplier producing electronic systems and lighting components, this paper develops a holistic supply chain risk management framework. After investigating the specific supply chain risks to support critical parts management, standardised processes and procedures are developed to improve the preventive supply chain risk strategy cycle, as well as the reactive critical parts management cycle.
With a view to future large space telescopes, we investigate image-based wavefront correction with active optics. We use an image-sharpness metric as merit function to evaluate the image quality, and the Zernike modes as control variables. In severely aberrated systems, the Zernike modes are not orthogonal to each other with respect to this merit function. Using wavefront maps, the PSF, and the MTF, we discuss the physical causes for the non-orthogonality of the Zernike modes with respect to the merit function. We show that for combinations of Zernike modes with the same azimuthal order, a flatter wavefront in the central region of the aperture is more important than the RMS wavefront error across the full aperture for achieving a better merit function. The non-orthogonality of the Zernike modes with respect to the merit function should be taken into account when designing the algorithm for image-based wavefront correction, because it may slow down the process or lead to premature convergence.
Camera based path planning for low quantity - high variant manufacturing with industrial robots
(2019)
The acquisition costs for industrial robots have been steadily decreasing in past years. Nevertheless, they still face significant drawbacks in the required effort for the preparation of complex robot tasks which causes these systems to be rarely present so far in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) that focus mainly on small volume, high variant manufacturing. In this paper, we propose a camera-based path planning framework that allows the fast preparation and execution of robot tasks in dynamic environments which leads to less planning overhead, fast program generation and reduced cost and hence overcomes the major impediments for the usage of industrial robots for automation in SMEs with focus on low volume and high variant manufacturing. The framework resolves existing problems in different steps. The exact position and orientation of the workpiece are determined from a 3D environment model scanned by an optical sensor. The so retrieved information is used to plan a collision-free path that meets the boundary conditions of the specific robot task. Experiments show the potential and effectiveness of the the framework presented here by evaluating a case study.
Process-Driven Applications (PDA) require less coding, for their business logic is defined by a business process model which can be executed by a process engine. However, inconsistencies between process model and dependent source code artifacts cause runtime errors and reduce development productivity. This paper targets at making the development of PDAs more efficient: It proposes a broader approach to statical analysis which also covers consistency constraints between model and code. When integrated into common analysis tools or a continuous integration pipeline, defects like broken code references or data-flow anomalies can be detected at an early stage without launching the entire application and its process interpretation engine. The approach is demonstrated by a prototype called viadee Process Application Validator (vPAV), which was developed for BPMN-based process models. The prototype has already been used in various BPM projects, attesting high benefit and potential.
Family-Firm Transformational Leadership, Familiness and Performance: A Four-Path Mediation Model
(2019)
An important strength of family firms is the familiness of these firms. We examined how the transformational leadership style could strengthen firms’ performance levels through familiness. In this cross-sectional field study, survey measures were obtained from family CEOs of 72 German family firms, and the members of their non-family-based TMTs (245 TMT members). Support was obtained for a four-path mediation model, in which three distinct familiness-related team forces (TMT cohesion, behavioral integration, and efficacy) serve as mediators between CEO TFL and family-firm performance in a series. It is argued here that positive familiness results from a specific leadership style.