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Active optics is an enabling technology for future large space telescopes. Image-based wavefront control uses an image-sharpness metric to evaluate the optical performance. A control algorithm iteratively adapts a corrective element to maximize this metric, without reconstructing the wavefront. We numerically study a sharpness metric in the space of Zernike modes, and reveal that for large aberrations the Zernike modes are not orthogonal with respect to this metric. The findings are experimentally verified by using a unimorph deformable mirror as
corrective element. We discuss the implications for the correction process and the design of control algorithms.
How do they do it? Understanding business model innovation in the context of disruptive innovation
(2018)
Virtual reality (VR) is starting to realize some of its promise as a tool to improve training effectiveness. However, research on VR for training and development is limited. Existing theories and models relating to organizational training and learning are infrequently used in the VR literature. A greater understanding of why VR works in the training context would help training designers create effective programs that leverage this continuously developing technology. This paper provides a typology of VR technologies specifically relevant to HR and integrates HR training frameworks and theory into findings on VR training from these other literatures. We specifically focus on immersive VR technology and seek to better understand reasons for the effectiveness of VR technologies for both training and assessment. We review findings, integrate related streams of research, and offer guideposts for those contemplating VR implementation in four important areas: training reactions in a VR context, VR-specific learning outcomes, opportunities for assessment using VR, and the effect of VR on training transfer. We conclude the paper by identifying a VR-training agenda for HR researchers.
Disruption, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Augmented Reality, Industry 4.0 and Rapid Prototyping are just a selection of the buzzwords that come up in connection with the rapid changes in the professional world and society brought about by digitalisation. As frequently occurs when buzzwords are used, their exact meaning is unknown, or remains unquestioned, but the use of them is nevertheless excessive. In this way, the buzzword ‘digital native’ assumes that an entire generation has a command of digital skills simply because they were born into this world and use digital media naturally. Which skills profiles this generation, and therefore a majority of today’s students, actually command, remains vague however, and is rarely explored systematically. The same is true of the specific formulation of necessary skills profiles in the digital world for higher education graduates. In the debate around higher education institutions, the description of the swift digital transition (with or without buzzwords) is not usually followed by a revision of existing curricula. This article describes strategic considerations for a better fit between the skills demanded of students and the challenges of the digital world.
In-situ-Monitoring der Reinigungsleistung großer dezentraler Niederschlagswasserbehandlungsanlagen
(2018)
Große dezentrale Niederschlagswasserbehandlungsanlagen
werden mittels kontinuierlicher Gütemesstechnik hinsichtlich ihrer
Frachtwirkungsgrade an Standorten mit hohem Stoffaufkommen untersucht.
Die Bilanzierung der Zulauf- und Ablauffrachten basiert auf dem Zusammenhang
zwischen den abfiltrierbaren Stoffen (AFS) und der Trübung.
Erste Ergebnisse der Installation der Messtechnik, des Datenmanagements
und Frachtwirkungsgrade werden vorgestellt.
Immersion und Materialität. Systematische Überlegungen zur Phänosemiose von Medientechnologien
(2018)
Die Entwicklung von multimodalen Medientechnologien der jüngeren Zeit scheinen die kreativen Experimente der Postmoderne für das Erzeugen neuer Erlebnisräume längst hinter sich gelassen zu haben, denn sie befinden sich bereits auf der vollständig realisierten Ebene multisensorischer – und ganzheitlich die Sinne adressierender – Medienartefakte. Nehmen wir beispielsweise Medientechnologien wie den quasi-holografisch operierenden und plasmavoxel-induzierenden Femtosecondlaser, das olfaktorisch-gustatorische Mediensystem MetaCookie+ oder raumkonstituierende und raumvariierende Technologien wie Head Mounted Displays, dann zeigen sich diese immersive Medien hier bereits in direkter Abhängigkeit von den technischen Potenzialen der jeweils umgesetzten Medienmaterialität.
Noch bevor man folglich den Zeichensinn, die Bedeutung, eine Botschaft oder eine spezifische Medienaussage in den Blick nimmt, verspricht die Analyse der jeweiligen Materialität und deren Einfluss auf Wahrnehmung und Verstehen einen nicht zu unterschätzenden medientheoretischen Mehrwert, um den Einsatz jeweiliger Technologien sinnvoll auf die medialen Potenziale beziehen zu können. Mit diesen Analysen sollte dann zweierlei gelingen: die Analyse der technologischen Systemebenen und die kulturelle sowie rezeptive Tragweite der inhärenten Medienlogik.
Medienrealität und Immersivität von Medien, so die hier vertretene These, lässt sich ohne eine medienarchäologische und informationstheoretische Betrachtung materieller Strukturen nur sehr schwer erfassen, wobei ein Augenmerk notwendigerweise auf die Potenziale und Prozessstufen der Medienwahrnehmung entfallen sollte. Wie sich folglich das materiale Repertoire von Mediensystemen, deren Informations- und Signaleigenschaften und letztlich die Bedeutungsbildung bei multisensorischen Medien erfassen lässt, wird anhand einer informationstheoretisch geprägten Erfassung, der sogenannten phänosemiotischen Zeichenordnung, verdeutlicht: Phänosemiose exemplifiziert die medieninduzierte Körper-Geist-Dynamik während der rezeptiven Verarbeitung von sensorischen Inputs und perzeptuellen Konzepten, vor dem Hintergrund mikro- und makroästhetischer Medienaspekte.
Torsions- und Druckbelastung am Knick-Senkfuß mit und ohne sensomotorisch wirkender Fußorthese
(2018)
Globalization, digitalization and increasingly shortened lifecycles of consumer and business goods require companies to be continuously innovative. Under these domains of innovation, disruptive innovation has developed as a popular term amongst scholars and practitioners alike (Christensen, Raynor, & McDonald, 2015). In fact, the concept of disruptive technolo-gies was introduced to explain the failure of incumbent businesses in times of change (Bower & Christensen, 1995). Later, research broadened the concept towards disruptive innovations thereby going beyond technologies alone (Yu & Hang, 2010). Indeed, recent literature stresses the embracing business model that needs to be designed appropriately to make use of the technology and push it forward in the process of disruption. Subse-quently, current research concludes that disruption in its core is a “business model problem, not a technology problem” (Christensen, 2006).
Despite the recognition of the relevance of a firm’s business model for disruption, a clarifi-cation of the business model concept in the disruptive innovation process appears to be necessary in two dimensions. First, there is only limited knowledge regarding the actual design of (potential) disruptive business models. Second, from a dynamic perspective, less is known about how organizations manage the process of disruptive innovation until their business model yields a disruptive effect in the market.
The PhD research project aims at shedding light on the role of the firm’s business model in regard to the concept of disruptive innovation. Insights from this research project will not only add to a deeper understanding of disruptive innovation from a theoretical perspective but also deliver guidance for managers facing an increasingly changing environment.
Metal air batteries provide a high energy density as the ca-thodic reaction uses the surrounding air. Different metals can be usedbut zinc is very promising due to its disposability and nontoxic behav-ior. State estimation is quite complicated as the voltage characteristicof the battery is rather flat. Especially estimating the state of chargeis important as a secondary electrolysis process during overcharging canlead to an unsafe state. Another technique for state estimation is theelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Therefore, this paper describesthe process of setup and measuring a time series of impedance spectraat known states of charge. Then these spectra are used to derive anequivalent circuit. Finally the development of the circuit’s parameter areanalyzed to extract most important parameters.
The main task of battery management systems is to keep the working area of the battery in a safe state. Estimation of the state of charge and the state of health is therefore essential. The traditional way uses the voltage level of a battery to determine those values. Modern metal air batteries provide a flat voltage characteristic which necessitates new approaches. One promising technique is the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which measures the AC resistance for a set of different frequencies. Previous approaches match the measured impedances with a nonlinear equivalent circuit, which needs a lot of time to solve a nonlinear least-squares problem. This paper combines the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with neural networks to speed up the state estimation using the example of zinc air batteries. Moreover, these networks are trained with different subsets of the spectra as input data in order to determine the required number of frequencies.
The paper deals with the development of a new type of production planning and control in a wood-processing company. The production is already highly automated and data from the production processes are gathered and stored in a database. The project picks up these technical basements in order to automatically provide intelligent decisions and make the factory even smarter.
Teaching People to program is a crucial requirement for our society to deal with the complexity of 21st-century challenges. In many teaching systems, the student is required to use a particular programming language or development environment. This paper presents an intelligent tutoring system to support blended learning scenarios, where the students can choose their programming language and development environment. For that, the system provides an interface where the students request test data and submit results to unit test their algorithms. The submitted results are analyzed by a machine learning system that detects common errors and provides adaptive feedback to the student. With this system, we are focusing on teaching algorithms rather than specific programming language semantics. The technical evaluation tested with the implementation of Mean and Median algorithm shows that the system can distinguish between error cases with an error rate under 20%. A first survey, with a small group of students, shows that the system helps them detect common errors and arrive at a correct/valid solution. We are in the process of testing the system with a larger group of students for gathering statistically reliable data.
Nonlocal quantum kinetic theory and dynamical constraints on phase transitions in the early universe
(2018)
Focal companies are embedded in complex supply networks consisting of various suppliers, customers, competitors and complementors. The activities of these actors influence the com-petitive position of the focal companies. Some customers achieve preferred customer status and gain preferential treatment, others have to restrain to being standard customers getting less privileged services. Consequently, buying companies in such markets have to achieve transparency about the relationships of their suppliers towards their competitors and comple-mentors in order to map them and to analyse their impact. Current literature lacks a holistic approach to capture these relationships. In which sources can the focal companies find the desired information? Which kind of information do they really need? And in which situations is the need for transparency high and when is it low? The aim of this research is to examine these relationships using a World Café method with purchasers for data gathering followed by a Gioia method to structure the qualitative data. The result is a list of desired knowledge cov-ering business, supplier and collaboration details; a set of information sources clustered in pub-lished and unpublished sources as well as contingency factors regarding general conditions, changes and particular occasions that require a high supplier relationship knowledge. All an-swers have been rated by their importance during the World Café. The answers can help to operationalise the mapping of supplier relationships towards competitors and complementors in order to assess the own customer status compared to other customers.