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Örtliche Qualitäts- und Wirksamkeitsdialoge für die Offene Kinder- und Jugendarbeit in der Praxis
(2020)
Mobile health apps (MHAs) and medical apps (MAs) are becoming increasingly popular as digital interventions in a wide range of health-related applications in almost all sectors of healthcare. The surge in demand for digital medical solutions has been accelerated by the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This also applies to clinical practice in gastroenterology, which has, in many respects, undergone a recent digital transformation with numerous consequences that will impact patients and health care professionals in the near future. MHAs and MAs are considered to have great potential, especially for chronic diseases, as they can support the self-management of patients in many ways. Despite the great potential associated with the application of MHAs and MAs in gastroenterology and health care in general, there are numerous challenges to be met in the future, including both the ethical and legal aspects of applying this technology. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current status of MHA and MA use in the field of gastroenterology, describe the future perspectives in this field and point out some of the challenges that need to be addressed.
Sensor‐based assessment of challenging behaviors in dementia may be useful to support caregivers. Here, we investigated accelerometry as tool for identification and prediction of challenging behaviors. We set up a complex data recording study in two nursing homes with 17 persons in advanced stages of dementia. Study included four‐week observation of behaviors. In parallel, subjects wore sensors 24 h/7 d. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment including MiniMental State Examination and Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory. We calculated the accelerometric motion score (AMS) from accelerometers. The AMS was associated with several types of agitated behaviors and could predict subject's Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory values. Beyond the mechanistic association between AMS and behavior on the group level, the AMS provided an added value for prediction of behaviors on an individual level. We confirm that accelerometry can provide relevant information about challenging behaviors. We extended previous studies by differentiating various types of agitated behaviors and applying long‐term measurements in a real‐world setting.
Contact-Tracing-Apps als unterstützende Maßnahme bei der Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung von COVID-19
(2020)
Die Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung ist derzeit eine der wirksamsten Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19 Pandemie. Digitales Contact Tracing mittels Smartphones scheint eine sinnvolle zusätzliche Maßnahme zur manuellen Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung zu sein, um Personen zu identifizieren, die nicht bekannt oder nicht erinnerlich sind und um den zeitlichen Verzug beim Melden eines Infektionsfalles und beim Benachrichtigen von Kontaktpersonen so gering wie möglich zu halten. Obwohl erste Modellierungsstudien eine positive Wirkung in Bezug auf eine zeitnahe Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung nahelegen, gibt es bislang keine empirisch belastbaren Daten, weder zum bevölkerungsweiten Nutzen noch zum potenziellen Schaden von Contact-Tracing-Apps. Die Beurteilung der Zweckerfüllung und eine wissenschaftliche interdisziplinäre Begleitforschung sowohl zur Wirksamkeit, Risiken und Nebenwirkungen als auch zu Implementierungsprozessen (z. B. Planung und Einbezug verschiedener Beteiligter) sind wesentliche Bestandteile einer Nutzen-Risiko Bewertung. Dieser Beitrag betrachtet daher den möglichen Public-Health-Nutzen sowie technische, soziale, rechtliche und ethische Aspekte einer Contact-Tracing-App zur Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie. Weiterhin werden Bedingungen für eine möglichst breite Nutzung der App aufgezeigt.
Curriculumentwicklung
(2020)
Daughters and Mothers
(2020)
Does intellectual giftedness pave the way towards satisfaction and success or is it rather a source of self-insecurity and further problems? The current Germany-wide quantitative online survey, in which 862 intellectual gifted adults (age 18+) with a minimum IQ of 130 points participated, focuses on the overall satisfaction in diverse categories, such as profession, social environment and family. Hereby, this comparative study differentiates between early- and late-diagnosed intellectually gifted people. Based on four hypotheses it is investigated how an early- or late diagnosis of intellectual giftedness impacts overall satisfaction and occupational satisfaction and to what extent all participants expressed a need for professional support.
The study finds, that individuals who learned about their giftedness only in adulthood and who were surprised about this finding showed diminished self-satisfaction as compared to other highly gifted individuals. Furthermore, the study revealed that the majority of the intellectually gifted participants expressed a need for qualified professional counsel-ling, hereby reinforcing the notion that social workers should be trained to work with this specific group of people. In conclusion, this study contributes to a potential debate about support for highly gifted individuals provided by social work and other counselling professions.
Background: Mental health is an emerging topic on university campuses, with students reporting higher levels of psychological distress than the general population of the same age. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time have been proved promising measures to promote mental health in the general population. However, to derive and implement effective measures to promote mental health among university students, further exploration of the associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and perceived stress in this specific setting is needed.
Objective: This study aims to identify associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and perceived stress after controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral variables among university students in Germany. We hypothesize that perceived stress is inversely related to physical activity and positively associated with sedentary time. Furthermore, we hypothesize that combined associations of concurrently high physical activity and low sedentary time on perceived stress are stronger compared with either alone and that the association between physical activity and perceived stress depends on activity intensity.
Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses from a large-scale internet-based student health survey (n=4189; response rate=10.0%). Physical activity, sedentary time, and engaging in moderate and vigorous activity intensities were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form with categorization into low, intermediate, and high levels. We measured perceived stress using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (range 0-40).
Results: The results indicate that higher physical activity and lower sedentary time are associated with reduced levels of perceived stress. Following adjustment for gender, BMI, income, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality, perceived stress scores were lower for students reporting high physical activity levels and low sedentary time compared with the least active and highly sedentary students (Perceived Stress Scale –2.2, 95% CI –2.9 to –1.5, P<.001 for physical activity and –1.1, CI 95% –1.7 to –0.5, P<.001 for sedentary time). Combined associations with perceived stress revealed that students concurrently reporting high total physical activity and low sedentary time reported the lowest perceived stress scores of all possible combinations following adjustment for confounders (Perceived Stress Scale –3.5, CI 95% –4.6 to –2.5, P<.001 compared with students reporting low physical activity levels and concurrently high sedentary time). Associations between vigorous physical activities and perceived stress were not stronger compared with moderate activity intensities.
Conclusions: Self-reported physical activity and low sedentary time are favorably associated with perceived stress, while the intensity of physical activities seems to be of minor importance. These results help to effectively implement health-promoting measures on campus among university students through increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time.
Im Beitrag wird eine „Systematische Übersicht und Meta-Analyse von Querschnittsstudien zum Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und psychischer Gesundheit bei Studierenden“ vorgestellt. Auf Grundlage von 18 internationalen Studien wird die Frage beantwortet, inwieweit sich positive Assoziationen zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und psychischer Gesundheit auch bei Studierenden bestätigen lassen. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass psychische Beschwerden bei Studierenden vor allem in Form eines erhöhten Stresserlebens, von depressiven Symptomen und Angststörungen auftreten. Die Studienlage verweist zwar auf einen engen Zusammenhang von psychischer Gesundheit und körperlicher Aktivität, allerdings wurde dieser Zusammenhang bei Studierenden bislang noch nicht adäquat nachgewiesen. Lediglich für den Einfluss von körperlicher Aktivität auf Angststörungen wird ein moderater Zusammenhang ersichtlich. Da Studierende, die unter depressiven Beschwerden leiden, ihr Studium eher abbrechen, lässt sich die Schlussfolgerung ziehen, dass körperliche Aktivität eine relevante Größe für den Studienerfolg darstellen kann. Allerdings fehlen derzeit noch großangelegte empirische Studien, die sich explizit auf das deutsche Hochschulsystem beziehen.