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Background: Modern healthcare devices can be connected to computer networks and many western healthcareinstitutions run those devices in networks. At the same time, cyber attacks are on the rise and there is evidence thatcybercriminals do not spare critical infrastructure such as major hospitals, even if they endanger patients. Intuitively,the more and closer connected healthcare devices are to public networks, the higher the risk of getting attacked.
Methods: To asses the current connectivity status of healthcare devices, we surveyed the field of German hospitalsand especially University Medical Center UMCs.
Results: The results show a strong correlation between the networking degree and the number of medical devices.The average number of medical devices is 25.150, with a median of networked medical devices of 3.600. Actual keyusers of networked medical devices are the departments Radiology, Intensive Care, Radio-Oncology RO, NuclearMedicine NUC, and Anaesthesiology in the group of UMCs. In the next five years, the usage of networked medicaldevices will increase significantly in the departments of Surgery, Intensive Care, and Radiology. We detected a strongcorrelation between the degree of connectivity and the likelihood of being attacked.The survey answers regarding the cyber security status reveal a lack of security basics in some of the inquiredhospitals. We did discover successful attacks in hospitals with separated or subsidiary departments. A fusion ofcompetencies on an organizational level facilitates the right behavior here. Most hospitals rated themselvespredominantly positively in the self-assessment but also stated the usefulness of IT security insurance.Conclusions:Concluding our results, hospitals are already facing the consequences of omitted measures within theirgrowing pool of medical devices. Continuously relying on historically grown structures without adaption and trustingmanufactures to solve vectors is a critical behavior that could seriously endanger patients.
Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) is a novel transport protocol introducing known features in a new protocol design. To investigate these features and the design, we developed a QUIC implementation in the INET simulation model suite.
In this paper, we describe that implementation, its validation and a result achieved using the simulation model. The result shows the negative impact on throughput, when raising the acknowledgment ratio. We propose a solution and describe how it solves the issue.
Magnetic field sensors based on quantum mechanic effects are often
susceptible to misalignments of the magnetic field or need advanced
procedures to compensate for these. Also, the record breaking sensitivities reported for superconducting quantum interference devices and alkali vapor magnetometers come along with large and complex experimental setups. The nitrogen vacancy center in diamond can be used to design a simple, small, and robust sensor without employing microwave radiation. By using compressed nanodiamond particles, it is possible to eliminate the need of an alignment of the magnetic field and still obtain the absolute magnetic flux density in a single measurement. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach, a centimeter-sized modified automotive demo board is employed as a complete sensor with a sensitivity of 78 µT/Wurzel Hz.
Smart wearable devices become more and more prevalent in the age of the Internet of Things. While people wear them as fitness trackers or full-fledged smartphones, they also come in unique versions as smartwatches for children. These watches allow parents to track the location of their children in real-time and offer a communication channel between parent and child.
In this paper, we analyzed six smartwatches for children and the corresponding backend platforms and applications for security and privacy concerns. We structure our analysis in distinct attacker scenarios and collect and describe related literature outside academic publications. Using a cellular network Man-in-the-Middle setup, reverse engineering, and dynamic analysis, we found several severe security issues, allowing for sensitive data disclosure, complete watch takeover, and illegal remote monitoring functionality.
Dieses Buch erklärt, warum es verschiedene Varianten der Maxwell’schen Gleichungen gibt und was genau die physikalische Bedeutung der in ihnen vorkommenden Größen ist. Gezeigt wird ferner, wie sich die Bestimmungsgleichungen für statische elektrische und magnetische Potenziale aus den Maxwell’schen Gleichungen ergeben. Dabei ist die Rolle der dem Feld ausgesetzter Materie immer von Anfang an integraler Bestandteil der Diskussion.
Multipolentwicklungen werden begründet und hergeleitet. Ferner
wird dargelegt, welches Vereinfachungspotenzial in der Formulierung der dynamischen Theorie als Eichfeldtheorie liegt. Die Gesetze der Optik werden aus denen der Elektrodynamik hergeleitet. Für quasi-stationäre Rechnungen werden Begründungen geliefert, Grenzen formuliert und technische Gegenbeispiele gezeigt. Am Schluss wird auf weiterführende Literatur hingewiesen.
OOXML and ODF are the de facto standard data formats for word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Both are XML-based, feature-rich container formats dating back to the early 2000s. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the capabilities of malicious office documents. Instead of focusing on implementation bugs, we abuse legitimate features of the OOXML and ODF specifications. We categorize our attacks into five classes: (1) Denial-of-Service attacks affecting the host on which the document is processed. (2) Invasion of privacy attacks that track the usage of the document. (3) Information disclosure attacks exfiltrating personal data out of the victim's computer. (4) Data manipulation on the victim's system. (5) Code execution on the victim's machine. We evaluated the reference implementations – Microsoft Office and LibreOffice – and found both of them to be vulnerable to each tested class of attacks. Finally, we propose mitigation strategies to counter these attacks.
OpenPGP and S/MIME are the two major standards for email end-to-end encryption. We show practical attacks against both encryption schemes in the context of email. First, we present a design flaw in the key update mechanism, allowing a third party to deploy a new key to the communication partners. Second, we show how email clients can be tricked into acting as an oracle for decryption or signing by exploiting their functionality to auto-save drafts. Third, we demonstrate how to exfiltrate the private key, based on proprietary mailto parameters implemented by various email clients. An evaluation shows that 8 out of 20 tested email clients are vulnerable to at least one attack. While our attacks do not target the underlying cryptographic primitives, they raise concerns about the practical security of OpenPGP and S/MIME email applications. Finally, we propose countermeasures and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
Das Standardlehrbuch zu Photovoltaik!
Dieses Lehrbuch liefert Antworten auf die wichtigsten Fragen zur Photovoltaik-Technik. Es werden grundlegende physikalische und elektrotechnische Fragestellungen behandelt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Systemtechnik mit Informationen zur Zellen- und Modulverschaltung sowie die Netzintegration von Photovoltaikanlagen. Das Buch beschreibt die aktuellsten Messmethoden für Solarmodule und erläutert die technischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsperspektiven der photovoltaischen Stromerzeugung.
Zahlreiche anschauliche Beispiele verdeutlichen die Konzepte zum Aufbau von Photovoltaikanlagen und machen das Buch zu einer unentbehrlichen Lektüre für Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften sowie in der Praxis tätige Techniker/innen und Elektroniker/innen. Durch den didaktischen Aufbau eignet sich das Buch zum Selbststudium aber auch zum Nachschlagen und Wissen auffrischen, zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben vertiefen das Verständnis in die Technik weiter.
Schwerpunkte:
- Sonnenstrahlung
- Grundlagen der Halbleiterphysik
- Aufbau und Wirkungsweise der Solarzelle
- Zellentechnologien
- Solarmodule und Solargeneratoren
- Systemtechnik netzgekoppelter Anlagen
- Solarstrom und seine Speicherung
- Photovoltaische Messtechnik
- Planung und Betrieb von Photovoltaikanlagen
Parallel zum Buch finden Sie unter www.lehrbuch-photovoltaik.de zusätzliche Informationen, Software sowie die Lösungen der Übungsaufgaben.
Die wachsenden Anteile fluktuierender regenerativer Energien in der Energieversorgung (bis 2020 sollen 30 % und 2050 sogar So % des Stroms aus regenerativen Energiequellen stammen) sowie die Steigerung der Elektromobilität machen deutlich: Das Thema der Zwischenspeicherung elektrischer Energie ist von höchster gesellschaftlicher Relevanz und verlangt zwingend nach einer Lösung. Neue Technologien, die umweltfreundlich, sicher, leistungsfähig und bezahlbar zugleich sind, müssen deshalb entwickelt werden.
Due to a nonuniform and sometimes unsteady energy yield, a large scale renewable energy supply requires a broadening of centralized and decentralized energy storage systems. On this background, there are high expectations on batteries with regard to various energy storage systems in the near future. In engineering studies, batteries are usually regarded as a black box. However, this point of view is not sufficient and reasonable for the energy storage demands of the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the knowledge about the advantages and limitations of batteries in engineering lectures – but also in lectures for students of physics or chemistry.
The book is written for graduate students from the engineering disciplines, in particular for graduate students of electrical engineering. It should be also of interest for graduate students of physics, chemistry and even industrial engineering. It is not intended to provide a specialized book for distinguished researchers or experts in electrochemistry and/or highly sophisticated battery technology.
In particular, the book provides a presentation of the physical basics and principles of electrochemical energy storage. It gives an overview and explanation of the functionality of historical batteries. The electrochemical reaction mechanisms in important primary and secondary batteries are discussed in detail. Moreover, the availability of the relevant raw materials for a growing battery market is emphasized.
The book is destined for background reading in corresponding university lectures and useful for self-study, too.