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Background
The diagnosis of cancer bears severe implications for pediatric patients. One immense restriction consists in a reduced level of activity due to different factors. Physical activity affects various aspects of development and can be regarded as an essential part of a child's life. In the present study physical activity in patients undergoing cancer therapy was quantified in order to determine the extent of the restriction and to provide baseline information for the assessment of possible interventions.
Procedure
Physical activity in 80 patients and 45 healthy children matched for age and gender was measured using the StepWatch 3™ Activity Monitor (SAM, OrthoCare Innovations).
Results
Pediatric cancer patients, at 2,787 gait cycles (gcs) per day, were significantly less active than their healthy counterparts (8,096 gcs). Patients were significantly more active at home than during inpatient stays (3,185 gcs compared to 1,830 gcs), and patients with bone tumors were less active than those with leukemia regarding both, the amount (1,849 gcs vs. 2,992 gcs) and the intensity of activity.
Conclusion
The present study quantified an often observed but so far hardly assessable problem. Activity in cancer patients is considerably reduced and patients with bone tumors are at increased risk from the detrimental effects of prolonged inactivity. Both our findings and the accepted fact that activity is an essential element of child development confirm the need for interventions tailored to a patient's needs and abilities during the course of treatment.
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Strontium Hexaaluminate Doped with Trivalent Samarium
(2009)
Temperature Dependent Decay Measurements of Ce3+ Doped Garnets and Eu2+ DopedSulfides and Selenides
(2009)
Entlandung des Stausees Solis mit Hilfe eines Geschiebeumleitstollens – hydraulische Modellversuche
(2009)
Das Reservoir der Talsperre Solis in Graubünden wurde 1986 vom Elektrizitätswerk der Stadt Zürich (ewz) in Betrieb genommen. Bei Hochwasserereignissen werden grosse Sedimentmengen in den Stausee transportiert. Über 25 % des ursprünglichen Reservoirvolumens sind bereits verlandet. Aus diesem Grund plant ewz den Bau eines Geschiebeumleitstollens, der das bei Hochwasser ankommende Sediment um die Talsperre herum in Richtung Unterwasser leitet. Die Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW) der ETH Zürich untersucht und optimiert in einem hydraulischen Modell den projektierten Umleitstollen. Bei Hochwasser wird der Stausee auf den minimalen Betriebswasserspiegel abgesenkt, der Verlandungskörper liegt grösstenteils frei, das Sediment erodiert. Mit Hilfe einer Leitkonstruktion wird die Strömung in Richtung Einlaufbauwerk des Stollens gelenkt und der Abfluss sowie das Geschiebe durch diesen geleitet. Bei Abflüssen, die die Ausbaukapazität des Stollens (HQ5) überschreiten, wird die überschüssige Strömung in den vorderen Bereich des Sees in Richtung Grundablass abgeführt. Das Geschiebe wird dennoch nahezu vollständig in den Stollen eingeleitet. Bei Hochwasser mit Schwemmholzaufkommen wird mit Hilfe einer Tauchwand sowie einer Teilablleitung des Hochwasserabflusses in den vorderen Seebereich verhindert, dass Schwemmholz in den Umleitstollen
eingezogen wird.
Industrialisierung im Krankenhaus : Spezielle Controllingprobleme der interdisziplinären Notaufnahme
(2009)
Formulating transference in cognitive and dynamic psychotherapies using role relationship models
(2009)
Configurational analysis, a system that can be used to organize formulations of transference phenomena, may be helpful to cognitive behavioral as well as psychodynamic therapists. We interviewed 41 experienced psychotherapists, 24 of whom were psychodynamic therapists and 17 of whom were cognitive-behavioral therapists. The therapists first each rated one of their well-known patients on a list of 12 simple positive and negative transferences. Next, they described the patient's transference in their own words. After that, each therapist formulated the same patient's transference contents according to a more complex format, the Role Relationships Model Configuration (RRMC). Both groups reported relatively similar levels of both positive and negative transference reactions. Both groups found the RRMC format useful, with 38 (92.7%) of the 41 therapists indicating that they found the RRMC method “moderately” to “very” useful. Using the RRMC as a structured approach to identify and describe transference and relationship patterns appears to be helpful to psychotherapists with different theoretical orientations.
The mechanisms of femtosecond laser-induced transient melting and atomic mixing in a target composed of a 30 nm Au film deposited on a bulk Cu substrate are investigated in a series of atomistic simulations. The relative strength and the electron temperature dependence of the electron-phonon coupling of the metals composing the layered target are identified as major factors affecting the initial energy redistribution and the location of the region(s) undergoing transient melting and resolidification. The higher strength of the electron-phonon coupling in Cu, as compared to Au, results in a preferential sub-surface heating and melting of the Cu substrate, while the overlaying Au film largely retains its original crystalline structure. The large difference in the atomic mobility in the transiently melted and crystalline regions of the target makes it possible to connect the final distributions of the components in the resolidified targets to the history of the laser-induced melting process, thus allowing for experimental verification of the computational predictions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
A new simple design of a high-efficiency low-transport-time cell for laser ablation is presented. The main feature of the design is that the particles are transported by a laminar spiral gas flow into the outlet without any contact with the cell walls. The efficiency of the particle transport and the dependence of the ICP-MS peak shape on experimental conditions were measured. The peak duration on the 10% level was found to be as short as 30 ms and the transport efficiency reached 100% when analysing a standard brass sample. As an example of application to real samples with fine inhomogeneities, the profiles of C-13, Ca-44 and Pb-208 were measured by LA-ICP-MS across a tree core. As a result, the very quick particle transport time of the cell enabled the fine, seasonal variation in wood composition to be resolved.
The production of free-standing large aspect ratio metal nanofilms by femtosecond laser separation
(2009)
We demonstrate a new method for the production of free-standing metal films of thickness down to several tens of nanometres. Films of different metals as well as multilayer structures have been produced by means of femtosecond laser-induced separation of evaporated layers from a plane glass surface. This technology enables the production of large-area films with different properties for optical or nanotechnological applications. We study the properties of the film and demonstrate the possibility of high-pass filtering of electrons with an energy of several keV by means of the free-standing films. The physical mechanisms leading to the film separation under femtosecond laser radiation are discussed.
Redistribution of deep selenium and sulfur impurities in silicon upon surface doping with phosphorus
(2009)
The study is concerned with the effect of short-term high-temperature heating on Si:Se and Si:S samples, whose surface layers are doped with phosphorus to high concentrations. It is found that the resistivity of the wafers substantially increases deep in the bulk within up to similar to 10 mu m. The experimental data suggest that this effect is due to enhanced diffusion of chalcogen in the presence of the phosphorus-doped surface region. The mechanism of the effect is the injection of nonequilibrium interstitial silicon atoms from the layer heavily doped with phosphorus to the bulk of the sample. This results in a shift of the equilibrium between the concentrations of substitutional and interstitial impurity atoms towards higher concentrations of interstitials and, as a consequence, towards the increase in the relative content of the fast-diffusing interstitial component of the impurity.
Nachhaltigkeit in Bildung und Praxis. Ansätze und Erfahrungen aus zweijähriger Forschungsarbeit
(2009)
Hiding the Complexity of LBS
(2009)
Ein Netzwerk entwickeln
(2009)