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Die Erfassung von Alltagsaktivitäten (activities of daily life, ADL) ist unerlässlich, wenn der Zusammenhang von körperlicher Aktivität und Gesundheit aufgezeigt oder die Effizienz von Interventionen zur Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität evaluiert werden soll. Derzeit existiert keine Methode, die präzise alle Formen der Alltagsaktivitäten erfassen kann. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt und vergleicht auf Basis einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche moderne Messverfahren zur Erfassung körperlicher Aktivitäten im Alltag, bei der die Darstellung objektiver Verfahren einen Schwerpunkt bildet.
Subjektive Erhebungsmethoden wie Fragebögen und objektive Aktivitätsmonitore, zu denen Schrittzähler und Akzelerometer zählen, sowie kombinierte Verfahren von Akzelerometrie und Herzfrequenz, sind derzeit die gängigsten Methoden, Alltagsaktivitäten zu erfassen. Daneben existieren weitere Möglichkeiten wie Doubly Labeled Water, Kalorimetrie oder direkte Beobachtungen der Testperson, die als Goldstandard des Activity Assessments angesehen und zur Validierung oben genannter Verfahren genutzt werden können. Obwohl diese Methoden das größte Potential bei der Erfassung körperlicher Aktivitäten hinsichtlich der Messpräzision haben, muss bei der Auswahl der Erhebungsmethode angesichts der Vielzahl an Möglichkeiten auch ihre Anwendbarkeit berücksichtigt werden. Die technischen Entwicklungen insbesondere im Bereich des Aktivitätsmonitorings machen eine ständige Auseinandersetzung mit seinen vielfältigen Möglichkeiten unerlässlich. Diese Übersicht soll für den Anwender eine Hilfestellung bei der Studienkonzipierung darstellen.
This review provides a survey of studies investigating physical activity and exercise interventions in patients during tumor treatment and survivors of childhood cancer. PubMed and Medline databases were searched using relevant terms. References of selected papers were tracked. A total of 28 studies could be identified. Seventeen studies investigated physical activity, 11 studies determined the effect of activity enhancing interventions during and after therapy. Even though most studies showed limitations and results were not consistent, considerably reduced physical activity is highly probable in patients during and after therapy. Studies on interventions provided promising results and revealed challenges to be faced. Pediatr Blood Cancer
Objective assessment of brace wear times and physical activities in two patients with scoliosis
(2010)
Conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis consists of therapeutic exercise and the application of braces. The effectiveness of bracing mainly depends on patient compliance, which can be determined by means of temperature sensors. This methodological paper describes the feasibility of objectively determining compliance and daily physical activities before and during conservative scoliosis treatment, being a relevant indicator for quality of life in children and adolescents. One patient with low compliance (61.4±24.9%) reduced her activity level during bracing by 50.1%, whereas another patient with a satisfactory compliance (85.7±19.5%) increased her daily activity level by 33.7% during conservative treatment.
Background
Degenerative musculoskeletal disorders are among the most frequent diseases occurring in adulthood, often impairing patients' functional mobility and physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the impact of three frequent degenerative musculoskeletal disorders -- knee osteoarthritis (knee OA), hip osteoarthritis (hip OA) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) -- on patients' walking ability.
Methods
The study included 120 participants, with 30 in each patient group and 30 healthy control individuals. A uniaxial accelerometer, the StepWatch™ Activity Monitor (Orthocare Innovations, Seattle, Washington, USA), was used to determine the volume (number of gait cycles per day) and intensity (gait cycles per minute) of walking ability. Non-parametric testing was used for all statistical analyses.
Results
Both the volume and the intensity of walking ability were significantly lower among the patients in comparison with the healthy control individuals (p < 0.001). Patients with LSS spent 0.4 (IQR 2.8) min/day doing moderately intense walking (>50 gait cycles/min), which was significantly lower in comparison with patients with knee and hip OA at 2.5 (IQR 4.4) and 3.4 (IQR 16.1) min/day, respectively (p < 0.001). No correlations between demographic or anthropometric data and walking ability were found. No technical problems or measuring errors occurred with any of the measurements.
Conclusions
Patients with degenerative musculoskeletal disorders suffer limitations in their walking ability. Objective assessment of walking ability appeared to be an easy and feasible tool for measuring such limitations as it provides baseline data and objective information that are more precise than the patients' own subjective estimates. In everyday practice, objective activity assessment can provide feedback for clinicians regarding patients' performance during everyday life and the extent to which this confirms the results of clinical investigations. The method can also be used as a way of encouraging patients to develop a more active lifestyle.
Background
Bone mineral density (BMD) accrual during childhood and adolescence is important for attaining peak bone mass. BMD decrements have been reported in survivors of childhood bone sarcomas. However, little is known about the onset and development of bone loss during cancer treatment. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate BMD in newly diagnosed Ewing's and osteosarcoma patients by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
DXA measurements of the lumbar spine (L2-4), both femora and calcanei were performed perioperatively in 46 children and adolescents (mean age: 14.3 years, range: 8.6-21.5 years). Mean Z-scores, areal BMD (g/cm2), calculated volumetric BMD (g/cm3) and bone mineral content (BMC, g) were determined.
Results
Lumbar spine mean Z-score was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.46 to 0.18), areal BMD was 1.016 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.950 to 1.082) and volumetric BMD was 0.330 g/cm3 (95% CI: 0.314 to 0.347) which is comparable to healthy peers. For patients with a lower extremity tumor (n = 36), the difference between the affected and non-affected femoral neck was 12.1% (95% CI: -16.3 to -7.9) in areal BMD. The reduction of BMD was more pronounced in the calcaneus with a difference between the affected and contralateral side of 21.7% (95% CI: -29.3 to -14.0) for areal BMD. Furthermore, significant correlations for femoral and calcaneal DXA measurements were found with Spearman-rho coefficients ranging from ρ = 0.55 to ρ = 0.80.
Conclusions
The tumor disease located in the lower extremity in combination with offloading recommendations induced diminished BMD values, indicating local osteopenia conditions. However, the results revealed no significant decrements of lumbar spine BMD in pediatric sarcoma patients after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, it has to be taken into account that bone tumor patients may experience BMD decrements or secondary osteoporosis in later life. Furthermore, the peripheral assessment of BMD in the calcaneus via DXA is a feasible approach to quantify bone loss in the lower extremity in bone sarcoma patients and may serve as an alternative procedure, when the established assessment of femoral BMD is not practicable due to endoprosthetic replacements.
On the Host Lattice Lu3Al5O12 Doped by TrivalentNeodymium as a Transparent Laser Gain Material
(2010)
On the Host Lattice LiYF4 Doped by TrivalentPraseodymium as a Transparent Ceramic Laser Material
(2010)
UV-Emitting VUV Phosphors
(2010)
On the Host Lattice KY3F10 Doped by Trivalent Praseodymium as a Transparent Ceramic Laser Material
(2010)
Novel NIR Emitting Phosphors
(2010)
The Solis reservoir is located in the Alps in Grisons, Switzerland and is operated by the electric power company of Zurich (ewz). Since its construction in 1986, high sediment input during flood events has led to major aggradations in the reservoir. Up to date, nearly half of the original reservoir volume has been filled with sediments from upstream mountain torrents. The deltaic deposition starts extending into the active water volume. Therefore, ewz plans a sediment bypass tunnel to flush the incoming bedload around the dam to the downstream reach. In a first step the reservoir level during flood events is lowered to the minimum operation level. The delta is subjected to free surface flow and the bedload is transported over the delta and deposited further downstream. This sediment relocation decreases the delta volume within the active storage. During further flood events, the incoming sediment is led to the bypass tunnel intake using a guiding structure and flushed through the tunnel. If the flood exceeds the capacity of the bypass tunnel, the surplus flow passes the tunnel intake towards the bottom outlets with the bedload still being flushed through the tunnel. A skimming wall located upstream from the tunnel intake prevents driftwood blocking by leading it to the reservoir front where it can be safely removed. Both the sediment relocation due to water level drawdown and the flushing through the bypass tunnel are investigated and optimized in a hydraulic model at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) of ETH Zurich. Additionally, the sediment relocation process in the model is compared with a relocation test in the prototype.
Forschungs- und Behandlungsimpuls aus Großbritannien zum Störungsbild der Computerspielabhängigkeit
(2010)
Grad der Vernetzung von Leistungserbringern in Deutschland und Österreich: Gibt es Unterschiede?
(2010)
65 Jahre später
(2010)
Forschungsorientiertes Lehren und Lernen in wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Bachelor-Studiengängen
(2010)
Employability wird im Kontext von Bachelor-Studiengängen der Wirtschaftswissenschaften als hochschulische Zielsetzung im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft, Beruf und Person eingeordnet und konkretisiert, um auftretenden Verkürzungen in der aktuellen Diskussion entgegenzuwirken. Darauf bezogen wird untersucht, inwieweit Konzepte forschungsorientierten Lehrens und Lernens Möglichkeiten der Förderung von Employability bieten. Es wird die These aufgestellt und konzeptionell erläutert, dass eine Förderung der Employability durch Konzepte Forschenden Lehrens und Lernens einer fachdidaktischen Ausrichtung bedarf. Ansatzpunkte zur fachdidaktischen Ausgestaltung werden angeführt.
In this manuscript, a new approach in surface plasmon resonance microscopy is presented. The method provides optical real-time detection of single nanoparticles on surfaces. The potential of the method is demonstrated recording spherical dielectric particles as small as 40 nm in diameter and single HIV virus-like particles having diameters of similar to 100 nm both immobilized on functionalized surfaces. The surface plasmon resonance signal in the binding spots was found to be almost linearly proportional to the size of the particles and, therefore, surpasses the intensity of Mie scattering on spherical particle (dependence similar to r(-6)) by orders of magnitude for small objects. The physical reason leading to this strong effect is discussed.
The need for portable and on site screening methods for viruses is evident in face of virus infections that can spread lastly in a heavily connected world. A robust and efficient method for detecting viruses is a novel technique called Plasmon Assisted Microscopy of Nanoobjects. It is based on the acquisition of images from a sensor surface exploiting the behavior of surface plasmons in the presence of nanoobjects. In this paper an efficient image analysis approach with respect to the requirements of the sensor is presented and an embedded image processing system for this purpose is introduced. The processing pipeline comprises three steps and starts with restorating the images by removing the background and filtering artifacts. The acquired image series is analyzed pixel by pixel in a second pipeline step in order to detect pixels containing nanoobjects. In a last step pixels are aggregated to nanoobject structures. The paper introduces in the context of this virus detection method a configurable embedded system that was used for rapid prototyping of the image analysis algorithms in a flexible way. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.