The 50 most recently published documents
Wie kann Sporttherapie im Rahmen der Sozialen Arbeit sinnvoll, praxisorientiert und effektiv angewandt werden? Das Studienbuch greift auf, dass der Körper großen Einfluss auf das psychosoziale Wohlbefinden hat, und betrachtet die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit der Fachrichtungen Soziale Arbeit und Sportwissenschaft. Die Autoren stellen Begriffsklärungen, Auftragsbestimmungen, Gesundheitsmodelle, Theorien der Sozialen Arbeit sowie Konzeptionen vor und zeigen deren Anwendung anhand konkreter Beispiele.
Das Studienbuch fasst Grundlagen der noch jungen Disziplin Sportsozialarbeit für Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit und der Sportwissenschaft zusammen. Forschende und Praktizierende beider Fächer werden zur interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit auf theoretischer und praktischer Ebene angeregt.
We present a new method for investigating the oxidation and emission behavior of air-permeable materials.
Employing this method, a differentiated statement can be made about the extent to which critical volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are contained in the material as impurities or
formed by thermo-oxidative degradation of the polymer matrix in the use phase. The parameters affecting methods
of VOC analysis are reviewed and considered for the developed method. The molecular mechanisms of VOC formation
are discussed. Toxicological implications of the reaction kinetics are put into context with international
guidelines and threshold levels. This new method enables manufacturers of cellular materials not only to determine
the oxidative stability of their products but also to optimize them specifically for higher durability.
Environmental Implication: Cellular materials are ubiquitous in the technosphere. They play a crucial role in
various microenvironments such as automotive interiors, building insulation, and cushioning. These materials
are susceptible to oxidative breakdown, leading to the release of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The
ecotoxicological profiles of these compounds necessitate monitoring and regulation. The absence of reproducible
and reliable analytical methods restricts research and development aimed at risk assessment and mitigation. This
work significantly enhances the toolbox for optimizing the oxidative stability of any open-cell cellular material
and evaluating these materials in terms of their temperature-dependent oxidation and emission behavior.
Polyurethane (PUR) soft foams release malodorous and potentially toxic compounds
when exposed to oxidative conditions. Current chamber test methods cannot distinguish between
pre-existing volatiles and those formed during oxidation, nor can they assess the formation rates
of oxidation products. We subjected PUR soft foam to oxidative treatment in a continuous air
flow at 120 ◦C. Emissions were convectively transferred from the foam to an exhaust port and
analyzed using a thermodesorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) system,
with external calibration employed for the quantification of selected analytes. The study identified
hydroperoxide formation and degradation as key mechanisms in the breakdown of the polyether soft
segments. This process predominantly produces volatiles, such as carboxylic acids, formates, acetates,
alpha-hydroxy-ketones, (unsaturated) aldehydes, substituted dioxolanes and dioxanes, glycols,
and allyl ethers. Volatiles associated with the degradation of the hard segments include aniline,
benzoxazole, 2-methylbenzoxazole, and benzaldehyde. This experimental setup enables reproducible
qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatiles formed during the oxidative degradation of PUR
soft foams, providing new insights into the segment-dependent chemical pathways of the polymer’s
molecular breakdown.
VOC EMISSIONS FROM PARTICLE FILTERING HALF MASKS – METHODS, RISKS AND NEED FOR FURTHER ACTION
(2021)
Investigations into volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from polymer fleeces used in particle filtering
half masks were conducted and evaluated against the German hygienic guide value for total volatile organic com-
pounds and the “Lowest Concentration of Interest” for construction products. All masks showed emission of Xy-
lene. In 94 % of samples, up to 24 additional aromatic compounds were found. 17 % of samples showed terpenes,
53 % emitted aldehydes, 77 % exhibited caprolactam and 98 % released siloxanes. All masks exceeded the TVOC
hygienic guidance value level 5 of 10 mg/m³. Emission levels were investigated for masks immediately after their
packages were opened and for masks that were “vented” for two weeks. Further, the emissions were repeatedly
measured to investigate the decrease of emissions. An exponential decline was observed and a fitting function was
calculated. The influence of the two commonly gas chromatograph (GC) hyphenated detectors, mass spectrometer
(MS) and flame ionization detector (FID) on the VOC quantification, as well as the influence of temperature on
the emission of VOCs were investigated. A statistical analysis of emission value differences for Notified Bodies
was conducted and CE 2163 and 2020-1XG proved to be outliers.
This systematic review critically examines existing literature on the effects of spontaneous fermentation on the nutritional and antinutritional properties of the aforementioned food staples, focusing on the changes in nutrients, digestibility, and antinutrients. The literature search flow was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRiSMA-2020) approach. Only peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between 2002 and 2024 were sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. A total of 67 articles were considered eligible after the title, abstract, full text, and quality assessment. It was evident from the various studies consulted in this review that traditional fermentation, though being an ancient food processing practice, remains an important approach for increasing the level of nutrients, reducing antinutritional factors, and enhancing the nutrient digestibility of cereals, legumes, roots, tuber, and plantain. This has made fermented foods an important part of diet and nutrition in many cultures around the world, especially in the global south, with limited access to sophisticated food processing techniques and infrastructure. Overall, the findings suggest that incorporating spontaneous fermentation into the preparation of cereals, legumes, roots, and tuber crops can be a valuable strategy for enhancing the nutritional value and health-promoting properties of these dietary staples.
Diguanidinium hexafluoridogermanate - an organic-inorganic hybrid salt with an antifluorite topology
(2024)
Evaluation of pig farming residue as substrate for biomethane production via anaerobic digestion
(2025)
Das Konzept der Supply-Chain-Resilienz (SCR) hat seit der Covid-19-Pandemie erheblich
an Bedeutung gewonnen, da Unternehmen verstärkt mit unvorhersehbaren Störungen
in ihren Lieferketten konfrontiert sind. Trotz des zunehmenden Interesses an
SCR bleibt das Potenzial digitaler Technologien, insbesondere im Bereich der Big Data
Analysis (BDA) und Artificial Intelligence (AI), für die Stärkung der Resilienz noch
weitgehend unerforscht. Diese Studie analysiert daher den Einfluss von BDA und AI
auf präventive und reaktive Maßnahmen zur Förderung der SCR. Ein konzeptionelles
Modell wird entwickelt, um präventive und reaktive Maßnahmen zu kategorisieren,
bevor die Nutzung von BDA und SCR näher untersucht wird. Die Ergebnisse deuten
darauf hin, dass digitale Technologien grundsätzlich die SCR unterstützen können;
BDA und AI werden als vielversprechende Technologien identifiziert. Es wird jedoch
festgestellt, dass der Einfluss dieser Technologien je nach proaktivem oder reaktivem
Ansatz etwas variiert. Während digitale Technologien im proaktiven Ansatz einheitlich
als unterstützend wahrgenommen werden, sind die Einschätzungen zum reaktiven Ansatz
vielfältiger.
Durch die Integration theoretischer Debatten, Perspektiven aus der Praxis und aktuellen Forschungsprojekten gelingt in diesem Lehrbuch eine umfassende Perspektive auf die Beziehungsgestaltung in der Sozialen Arbeit.
Der erste Teil entwickelt ein theoretisches Rahmenwerk zur Vertiefung des prozessionstheoretischen Verständnisses. Im zweiten Teil werden verschiedene Handlungsfelder und praktische Umsetzungen beleuchtet. Der dritte Teil präsentiert aktuelle Forschungsprojekte, die die Beziehungsgestaltung aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven untersuchen. Das Buch richtet sich an Fachkräfte, Studierende und Wissenschaftler:innen, die ihre Einsichten in die sozialarbeiterische Beziehungsgestaltung erweitern möchten.
Today’s medical IT is more and more connected and network or IT system outages may impact the quality of patient treatment. IT outages from cyberattacks are particularly worrisome if attackers focus on those medical IT devices that are critical for medical processes. However, medical processes are primarily documented for the hospital employees and not for analyzing the criticality of any given human or medical IT resource. This paper presents a generic model for realistic, patient-focused simulation of medical processes. The model allows the simulation of cyber incidents, focusing on device outages or overload situations like mass casualty incidents. Furthermore, we present a proof-of-concept tool that implements the described model, enabling end-users to simulate their processes. The tool offers the ability to run with low detailed data for overview purposes and highly detailed data for fine-grained simulation results. We perform different scenario simulations for a sample hospital, including the acute phase of a ransomware attack, negative performance impacts due to the implementation of cybersecurity measures, and emergency plans for mass casualty incidents. In each scenario, the respective simulation resulted in a quantitative statement of how these scenarios affect overall process performance and show possible key factors supporting decision-making. We use real-world data from a German trauma room to optimize and evaluate the process simulation.
