The 10 most recently published documents
Wie kann Sporttherapie im Rahmen der Sozialen Arbeit sinnvoll, praxisorientiert und effektiv angewandt werden? Das Studienbuch greift auf, dass der Körper großen Einfluss auf das psychosoziale Wohlbefinden hat, und betrachtet die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit der Fachrichtungen Soziale Arbeit und Sportwissenschaft. Die Autoren stellen Begriffsklärungen, Auftragsbestimmungen, Gesundheitsmodelle, Theorien der Sozialen Arbeit sowie Konzeptionen vor und zeigen deren Anwendung anhand konkreter Beispiele.
Das Studienbuch fasst Grundlagen der noch jungen Disziplin Sportsozialarbeit für Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit und der Sportwissenschaft zusammen. Forschende und Praktizierende beider Fächer werden zur interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit auf theoretischer und praktischer Ebene angeregt.
We present a new method for investigating the oxidation and emission behavior of air-permeable materials.
Employing this method, a differentiated statement can be made about the extent to which critical volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are contained in the material as impurities or
formed by thermo-oxidative degradation of the polymer matrix in the use phase. The parameters affecting methods
of VOC analysis are reviewed and considered for the developed method. The molecular mechanisms of VOC formation
are discussed. Toxicological implications of the reaction kinetics are put into context with international
guidelines and threshold levels. This new method enables manufacturers of cellular materials not only to determine
the oxidative stability of their products but also to optimize them specifically for higher durability.
Environmental Implication: Cellular materials are ubiquitous in the technosphere. They play a crucial role in
various microenvironments such as automotive interiors, building insulation, and cushioning. These materials
are susceptible to oxidative breakdown, leading to the release of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The
ecotoxicological profiles of these compounds necessitate monitoring and regulation. The absence of reproducible
and reliable analytical methods restricts research and development aimed at risk assessment and mitigation. This
work significantly enhances the toolbox for optimizing the oxidative stability of any open-cell cellular material
and evaluating these materials in terms of their temperature-dependent oxidation and emission behavior.
Polyurethane (PUR) soft foams release malodorous and potentially toxic compounds
when exposed to oxidative conditions. Current chamber test methods cannot distinguish between
pre-existing volatiles and those formed during oxidation, nor can they assess the formation rates
of oxidation products. We subjected PUR soft foam to oxidative treatment in a continuous air
flow at 120 ◦C. Emissions were convectively transferred from the foam to an exhaust port and
analyzed using a thermodesorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) system,
with external calibration employed for the quantification of selected analytes. The study identified
hydroperoxide formation and degradation as key mechanisms in the breakdown of the polyether soft
segments. This process predominantly produces volatiles, such as carboxylic acids, formates, acetates,
alpha-hydroxy-ketones, (unsaturated) aldehydes, substituted dioxolanes and dioxanes, glycols,
and allyl ethers. Volatiles associated with the degradation of the hard segments include aniline,
benzoxazole, 2-methylbenzoxazole, and benzaldehyde. This experimental setup enables reproducible
qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatiles formed during the oxidative degradation of PUR
soft foams, providing new insights into the segment-dependent chemical pathways of the polymer’s
molecular breakdown.
VOC EMISSIONS FROM PARTICLE FILTERING HALF MASKS – METHODS, RISKS AND NEED FOR FURTHER ACTION
(2021)
Investigations into volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from polymer fleeces used in particle filtering
half masks were conducted and evaluated against the German hygienic guide value for total volatile organic com-
pounds and the “Lowest Concentration of Interest” for construction products. All masks showed emission of Xy-
lene. In 94 % of samples, up to 24 additional aromatic compounds were found. 17 % of samples showed terpenes,
53 % emitted aldehydes, 77 % exhibited caprolactam and 98 % released siloxanes. All masks exceeded the TVOC
hygienic guidance value level 5 of 10 mg/m³. Emission levels were investigated for masks immediately after their
packages were opened and for masks that were “vented” for two weeks. Further, the emissions were repeatedly
measured to investigate the decrease of emissions. An exponential decline was observed and a fitting function was
calculated. The influence of the two commonly gas chromatograph (GC) hyphenated detectors, mass spectrometer
(MS) and flame ionization detector (FID) on the VOC quantification, as well as the influence of temperature on
the emission of VOCs were investigated. A statistical analysis of emission value differences for Notified Bodies
was conducted and CE 2163 and 2020-1XG proved to be outliers.
This systematic review critically examines existing literature on the effects of spontaneous fermentation on the nutritional and antinutritional properties of the aforementioned food staples, focusing on the changes in nutrients, digestibility, and antinutrients. The literature search flow was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRiSMA-2020) approach. Only peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between 2002 and 2024 were sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. A total of 67 articles were considered eligible after the title, abstract, full text, and quality assessment. It was evident from the various studies consulted in this review that traditional fermentation, though being an ancient food processing practice, remains an important approach for increasing the level of nutrients, reducing antinutritional factors, and enhancing the nutrient digestibility of cereals, legumes, roots, tuber, and plantain. This has made fermented foods an important part of diet and nutrition in many cultures around the world, especially in the global south, with limited access to sophisticated food processing techniques and infrastructure. Overall, the findings suggest that incorporating spontaneous fermentation into the preparation of cereals, legumes, roots, and tuber crops can be a valuable strategy for enhancing the nutritional value and health-promoting properties of these dietary staples.
