Sozialwesen (SW)
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Für alle Fachkräfte in sozialen Berufen ist die Entwicklung einer professionellen Haltung eine der wichtigsten Voraussetzungen, um Menschen hilfreich zur Seite stehen zu können und diese angemessen zu
begleiten. Die (professionelle) Haltung ist nie abschließend entwickelt, sondern verändert sich mit Erfahrungen, Fortbildungen und neuen Impulsen, die in der täglichen Arbeit auf uns einwirken.
Insbesondere für junge Fachkräfte und Berufseinsteiger*innen ist die
Reflexion der eigenen Rolle und Haltung wichtig, um u.a eine angemessene Nähe-Distanz-Regulation vorzunehmen, sich abzugrenzen und Begegnungen und Prozesse mit der Klientel unterstützend zu gestalten.
In dieser Ausgabe stellt Susanne Kock, wissenschaftliche
Mitarbeiterin und Lehrbeauftragte der FH Münster, Ergebnisse
ihrer Forschung zur Entwicklung der professionellen Haltung
angehender Berater*innen, Mediator*innen und Coaches dar.
Mental Stress and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria Although the level of mental stress in adolescents with gender dysphoria is found to be generally high in many studies, differences have been shown between samples of gender dysphoria clinics for adolescents in different countries. However, a comparison within the German speaking area is lacking. In this article we compared samples of gender dysphoria clinics from Munster (Germany) and Zurich (Switzerland) and tested potential correlates of mental stress using quantitative methods. Subsequently, we interviewed clients from both clinics regarding mental stressors and protective factors. There were no quantitative differences in the level of mental stress of clients between Munster and Zurich, whereas health-related quality of life was significantly higher in Munster. Problems in physical well-being and school environment were the strongest correlates of mental stress. This reflects in the interviews, too, in addition to further related factors reported. We conclude that physical well-being and inclusion at school should be addressed with special emphasis in counseling or treatment of adolescents with gender dysphoria to counter the in average high levels of mental stress. Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß psychischer Auffälligkeiten bei Jugendlichen mit Geschlechtsdysphorie wird in vielen Studien als hoch beschrieben, unterscheidet sich jedoch in den Inanspruchnahmepopulationen verschiedener Spezialambulanzen für Jugendliche mit Geschlechtsdysphorie. Bislang hat kein Vergleich innerhalb des deutschsprachigen Raums stattgefunden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Inanspruchnahmestichproben der Spezialzentren in Münster und Zürich mit quantitativen Methoden verglichen sowie Korrelate von psychischen Auffälligkeiten geprüft. Anschließend führten wir Interviews mit Klient/innen1 der Spezialambulanzen hinsichtlich psychischer Belastungen und Schutzfaktoren durch. Es zeigten sich im quantitativen Vergleich der Zentren keine Unterschiede in den psychischen Auffälligkeiten zwischen Münster und Zürich, während sich die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität in Münster als signifikant höher erwies als in Zürich. Als stärkste Korrelate psychischer Belastung konnten Probleme im körperlichen Wohlbefinden sowie im schulischen Umfeld identifiziert werden. Dies spiegelte sich auch in den qualitativen Interviews wider, in denen weitere assoziierte Faktoren benannt wurden. Wir schlussfolgern, dass das körperliche Wohlbefinden und die schulische Integration in der Beratung bzw. Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit Geschlechtsdysphorie besonders berücksichtigt werden sollten, um der im Schnitt hohen psychischen Auffälligkeiten entgegenzuwirken.
OBJECTIVE Although cancer patients with minor children have become more of a focus of psycho-oncological research, little is known about specific parenting concerns. Instruments to assess the concerns and worries of parents with cancer are rare. The Parenting Concerns Questionnaire (PCQ) addresses this issue. We analyzed parenting concerns in cancer survivors and evaluated the German version of the PCQ. METHODS A total of 1416 cancer survivors with minor and young adult children (≤21 years) were recruited in a register-based study. Descriptive analyses as well as reliability and validity analyses were conducted. We performed a confirmatory factorial analysis of the factor structure proposed by the authors of the original version on the PCQ. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of the cancer survivors were women, average age was 47.5 years (SD 5.9). Mean time since diagnosis was 44 months (SD 23.4). Between 18 and 31% of survivors reported that they were concerned about their children. The PCQ proved to be a reliable and valid instrument showing medium correlations with standardized measures in expected directions and discriminating between survivors with and without use of psychosocial support services. The factor structure was supported by the confirmatory factorial analysis. CONCLUSIONS Assessing parenting concerns gives an additional insight into the situation of parents with cancer. In our sample of cancer survivors, we identified one out of three survivors being concerned regarding the impact of their illness on their children. The PCQ can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument with regard to identifying concerned parents with cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irrespective of their well-known increased risk for mental health problems, children of somatically ill parents are a clinically underserved as well as under-researched group. In this article, the authors introduce the epidemiologic and clinical relevance of this topic and present a theoretical framework for understanding the sequelae of a serious parental illness on minor-age children, based on family dynamics and developmental concepts. This is followed by a comprehensive review of current empirical studies in this field, with a special emphasis on results from a transnational European collaborative study (COSIP = Children of Somatically Ill Parents), which was coordinated by the last author. The most important recommendations from intervention concepts published to date are summarized. Some outlooks for clinical practice as well as future research are presented.
Children of a parent having cancer are at greater risk to develop mental health problems. Aim is to investigate specific psychosocial care for children having a parent with cancer, as well as to characterize and assess utilization and needs of affected minor children. Employees of institutions in Germany supplying psychosocial care to families with a parent having cancer were surveyed, using a semi-structured interview (n = 29). Specific psychosocial care for affected children is limited and heterogeneous in Germany. Regarding different distress stages of those families, the situation could be interpreted as eligible. However, this primarily reflects the low quality assurance of care. Results suggest that in addition to preventive care needs of children having a parent with cancer, increased needs exist in specific risk constellations, like in single parent families.
Children of cancer patients are at risk for developing psychological symptoms. The parental appraisal of the child's psychological condition is a key variable for the utilization of child-centred psychosocial services. This study aimed at the systematic analysis of parental appraisals of changes in the emotional condition or behaviour of their children. We conducted an epidemiologic survey with a sample size of 1,809 patients with different cancer diagnoses, giving information about 2,581 children aged 21 years or younger at time of diagnosis. Quantitative information on children's distress during the disease and on changes in psychological condition or behaviour and qualitative information on the kind of changes were analysed. About half of the children were considered to be psychologically strongly affected during the disease. For about 25 % negative changes in psychological condition or behaviour are reported, positive changes are reported for 20 % of the children. Negative changes are most frequently described in young children (up to five years), positive changes are most frequently described in young adults (18 to 21 years). The results indicate that from the cancer parent's view many children are substantially distressed. Thus, the implementation of additional preventive psychosocial services seems reasonable and necessary.
Die Gesetzesänderung zur Regelung von Ansprüchen ausländischer Personen im SGB ver- schärft die (Über)lebensbedingungen von zugewanderten erwerbslosen drogengebrauchenden Unionsbürger_innen aus Osteuropa; auf ihnen liegt der Fokus dieses Artikels. Bis Dezember 2016 bestehende Spielräume in der Beantragung von Sozialleistungen, sind reduziert worden auf Überbrückungsleistungen und Rückreisehilfen. Betroffene ziehen es jedoch aus unter- schiedlichsten Gründen vor, in bitterer Armut in Deutschland zu bleiben. Mitarbeitende von niedrigschwelligen Hilfseinrichtungen stehen vor unlösbaren Aufgaben.