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Algorithmic Design and Resilience Assessment of Energy Efficient High-Rise Water Supply Systems
(2019)
Auf den Sommerfall kommt es an: Maßnahmen zur dauerhaften Begrenzung der Kaltwassertemperatur
(2019)
Baumrigolen und (Stadt-)Bäume zeichnen sich durch eine multifunktionale Wirkung aus. Bäume prägen das Stadtbild, spenden Schatten und kühlen durch Verdunstung. Der Rigolenkörper speichert Wasser, dass unmittelbar in den Untergrund eingetragen und teilweise auch zur Baumbewässerung verfügbar ist. Darüber hinaus kann die Rigole einen Beitrag zur Überflutungsvorsorge leisten.
Das Spektrum technischer Filter zur Niederschlagswasserbehandlung reicht von kompakten Anlagen im dezentralen Maßstab bis zu zentralen Anlagen mit mehreren Hektar angeschlossener Fläche. Die hier vorgestellten zentralen Systeme werden im Aufstromverfahren durchflossen. Der Zufluss wird dabei durch Sedimentation oder eine Sedimentation-Lamellen-Kombination vorbehandelt. Das Spektrum der eingesetzten Filtersubstrate ermöglicht den Rückhalt feiner Partikel (AFS63) bis hin zu gelösten Stoffen. Die Rückhaltewirkung von technischen Filtern kann sehr hoch sein, allerdings muss der Kompromiss zwischen Wirkung und Wartung gefunden werden. Die Überwachung der Systeme ist durch Bilanzierung der Füllstände vergleichsweise einfach. Erste Ansätze für eine Bemessung der Systeme werden vorgestellt.
Biohydrogen production via dark fermentation with pig manure and glucose using pH-dependent feeding
(2020)
For the increasingly important storage of renewably generated electricity, this review explains the construction of a surface and underground pumped storage
power plant. The problems for the construction of an underground pumped storage power plant are further listed. These are geological, environmental and
economic problems as well as a low acceptance by the population. The geological problems are concerns about leaching of minerals and heavy metals as well as the statics of the cavities. Mining companies in Germany are obligated to renaturalize the landscape areas again, which could be realised by a lake. Furthermore, care must be taken to ensure that the mine water does not come into contact with the groundwater. According to a survey by RISP on the subsequent use of the mine areas for an underground pumped
storage power plant, the acceptance of the population is over 70 percent. The economic consideration concludes that the arbitrage profit for a difference between off-peak and peak of 10 €/MWh is about 2.7 M€/a and for 100 €/MWh about 27.3 M€/a. With investment costs of about 630 M€, despite the assumption of 100 €/MWh, more than 20 years are needed for an underground pumped storage power plant to be amortized. The acceptance could be increased by creating a lake as a recreation area as well as being used as an upper storage reservoir. Thus, the cost of renaturation decrease when combined with the creation of the storage basin. The problem of ground conditions can be solved by creating new cavities by means of tunnel boring at an inclination. For static safety as well as against leaching of minerals and heavy metals, the cavity walls can be sealed with reinforced concrete. The technology of underground pumped storage power plants can be used for better utilisation of renewable energies. This is especially in flat and densely populated regions a possibility to store energy, because the main part of the power plant is underground.
Childhood social position and associations between environmental exposures and health outcomes
(2008)
This document presents a comparative analysis of
horizontal and vertical small wind turbines for urban
areas in three power classes up to 10 kW in different
categories. The main objective was to conduct a market
analysis to assess the marketability of these wind
energy systems. The aim was to make it easier for
potential customers to make a decision. However, due
to the limited availability of data, the project encountered
considerable difficulties. As a result, the study
became a comparative assessment, which led to results
that may not be readily transferable to urban environments,
slightly missing the original objective of the
study. The results underline the difficulties associated
with conducting a comprehensive market analysis in
this sector and highlight the need for an independent
series of tests under specific conditions. The paper
concludes with a plea for future research efforts to
adapt data collection methods to urban conditions in
order to improve the relevance and applicability of
such studies in practice.
Different model structures were compared to simulate the characteristic process variables of the anaerobic digestion of maize, sugar beet and grain silage. Depending on the type and number of the required components, it can be shown that in comparison to the complex Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) different simplified model structures can describe the gas production rate, ammonia nitrogen and acetate concentration or pH value equally well. Since the reduction of the predominantly fast kinetics of the methanogenesis, acetogenesis or acidogenesis will only have little effect on the simulation of the specific gas production, it can be proven that the hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step during the uninhibited anaerobic digestion of complex particulate substrates. However, the stoichiometric comparison reveals that the model protein gelatine is not suitable for a representative characterization of agricultural energy crops.
This review is about where and which tidal power systems are currently deployed. It starts with an insight into the variety of different tidal power systems. With the help of a list from the European Marine Energy Center about currently used systems for tidal power plants, it quickly becomes apparent that two systems stand out. These are the vertical and horizontal turbines. The latter are particularly common, as they are used for both tidal stream and tidal range power plants. Determining the regions with high potential for tidal power is not always easy due to the many influencing factors. Influencing factors are, for example form and conditions of the seabed, topographical features of the coast or currents in the sea [1]. Therefore, each region must be considered separately. n this paper the focus is on the UK, the literature shows that the coastal regions around the UK provide about 50 TWh/year of the European tidal power potential. This is due to the location between the oceans and the geological conditions, which act as a channel for the tides. The two areas with high potential where planning
and construction of tidal power plants is currently underway are in the north of Scotland and in the southwest of England in the Bristol Channel.
Flexible biogas production can enable demand-oriented energy supply without the need for expensive gas storage expansions, but poses challenges to the stability of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In this work, biogas production of laboratory-scale AD of maize silage and sugar beets was optimized to cover the residual load of an electricity self-sufficient community using a simple process model based on first-order kinetics. Experiments show a good agreement between biogas demand, predicted, and measured biogas production. By optimizing biogas conversion schedules based on the measured gas production, a gas storage capacity of 7-8 h was identified for maximum flexibility, which corresponds to typical gas storage sizes at industrial biogas plants in Germany. Various stability indicators were continuously monitored and proved resilient process conditions. These results demonstrate that demand-oriented biogas production using model predictive control is a promising approach to enable existing biogas plants to provide balancing energy.
The development of compact treatment devices with high removal efficiencies and low space requirements is a key objective of urban stormwater
treatment. Thus, many devices utilize a combination of sedimentation and upward flow filtration in a single system. This study, for the
first time, evaluates the flow field inside a combined filter-lamella separator via computational fluid dynamics. Herein, three objectives
are investigated: (i) the flow field for different structural configurations, (ii) the distribution of particulate matter along the filter bed and
(iii) the dynamic clogging in discrete filter zones, which is addressed by a clogging model derived from literature data. The results indicate
that a direct combination of a filtration stage with a lamella separator promotes a uniform flow distribution. The distribution of particulate
matter along the filter bed varies with configuration and particle size. Clogging, induced by particles in the spectrum ,63 μm, creates
gradients of hydraulic conductivity along the filter bed. After treating about half of Germany’s annual runoff-efficient precipitation at a rainfall
intensity of 5 L/(s·ha), the filtration rates increase in the front of the filter bed by þ10%. Thus, long-term operating behavior is sensitive to
efficient filter utilization in compact treatment devices.
This paper outlines the three main areas relevant
to dismantling: the rotor blades, hub and nacelle,
the tower and the foundation. The paper discusses
the dismantling procedures, including the removal of
the top structure, the tower and the foundation, and
evaluates various methods of dismantling the tower,
such as modular dismantling, collapse blasting, folding
blasting, wrecking ball demolition and hydraulic
ram demolition. The assessment of these methods
in practice and the potential challenges and considerations
for future dismantling, particularly as wind
turbine heights increase, are also addressed.
The preservation of water bodies continuity is fundamental
for aquatic communities, particularly for fish
populations. Various structures impede watercourse
continuity, impacting fish migration and habitat distribution.
Conventional fish passages often fall short
in diverse scenarios, prompting the development of
specialized solutions. This article proposes a criteria
catalog for these special fish passage solutions based
on DWA leaflet DWA-A 509. It discusses the need
for these solutions, presents a selection of specialized
options, and outlines criteria from DWA-M 509, construction
guidelines, and economic perspectives. It
scrutinizes criteria ranging from target fish species to
cost considerations. Three examples, including the
Runserau fish lift, the bristle ramp fish lock, and the
Fishcon sluice, illustrate these specialized solutions,
their functionalities, advantages, and drawbacks. Additionally,
the article compiles criteria from industry
standards and guidelines into a comprehensive evaluation
catalog. The criteria, when applied, assist in the
selection of suitable fish passage solutions based on
specific site conditions and fish species requirements.
This holistic approach aims to optimize fishway selection,
fostering the ecological sustainability of watercourses.
However, this catalog remains dynamic
and open to expansion with evolving research and
practical application, urging further exploration and
validation of these criteria through diverse case studies
and technological advancements in the field.
The pursuit of Offshore Wind Energy (OWE), integral
to the German government’s ambitious renewable
energy goals raises concerns about the environmental
impact of noise emissions on marine life. This paper
delves into the theoretical background of Offshore
Wind Turbine (OWT) noise, exploring its various
phases from the survey to decommission. It examines
the types and causes of noise emissions, their effects
on marine wildlife and potential mitigation measures.
Highlighting the regulatory framework in Germany,
the paper emphasises the need for nuanced approaches
to balance renewable energy objectives with marine
ecosystem preservation.
Energetisches Gesamtkonzept
(2019)
Meanwhile, renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar and wind energy and biomass are increasingly being used to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and thus counteract the ongoing global warming. However, these are also associated with environmental impacts. To that effect, this article takes a closer look at tidal power plants, which are classified as hydroelectric power plants, by conducting a systematic literature review. The results show that the strength and form of the environmental impact depends on the specific location and type of plant. Tidal power plants have an impact on the habitats of marine animals and thus influence their behavior and population. In addition, the operation of tidal power plants changes the sediment distribution, causes a reduction in current velocities and a change in current direction in the surrounding area and leads to a change in wave height. The construction of the power plants is associated with noise, which primarily causes changes in the behavior of some species. Furthermore, the electromagnetic fields generated can also affect marine life. In order to assess the environmental impact of tidal power plants in comparison to other renewable energies, further studies should focus on the environmental impact of the different technologies in relation to the energy yield.
Epiphytische Moose und Flechten als Bioindikatoren der Luftqualität am Westrand des Ruhrgebietes
(2001)