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Inhaltsübersicht: 1 Historische Entwicklung der Containerschifffahrt 2 Aktuelle Marktsituation 2.1 Krise 2.2 Bildung von Allianzen 2.3 Große Containerschiffe 3 Analysekriterien zur Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Containerschiffen 3.1 Aufwandsfaktoren 3.1.1 Anschaffungskosten 3.1.2 Treibstoffbedarf 3.1.3 Personalbedarf 3.1.4 Gebühren für die Nutzung von Schifffahrtsstraßen 3.1.5 Hafengebühren 3.1.6 Wartungs-, Reparatur- und Klassifikationskosten 3.1.7 Wartungsintensität 3.1.8 Versicherungskosten 3.1.9 Schadstoff-Emissionen 3.2 Nutzenfaktoren 3.2.1 Ladekapazität 3.2.2 Auslastung 3.2.3 Fahrgeschwindigkeit 3.2.4 Umschlagsgeschwindigkeit 3.2.5 Manövrierfähigkeit 3.2.6 Ladungssicherheit 3.2.7 Routenflexibilität 3.2.8 Verfügbarkeit geeigneter Häfen 3.2.9 Verwertungsmöglichkeiten 4 Vorteile großer Containerschiffe 5 Nachteile großer Containerschiffe 6 Profiteure der Situation 7 Persönliches Fazit
Lebensmittelabfälle sind entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette aus ethischer, ökologischer, sozialer und ökonomischer Perspektive problematisch und widersprechen dem Nachhaltigkeitsgedanken, wie er 1987 von der Brundtland-Kommission (WCED 1987) formuliert wurde. Besonders vor dem Hintergrund einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung, knapper Ressourcen und einer steigenden Anzahl an Hunger leidenden Menschen ist die Verschwendung von Lebensmitteln nicht vertretbar.
This report presents the findings related to the supporting mechanisms of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between HEIs1 and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the factors affecting the extent of university-business cooperation that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the barriers and drivers of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved, making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
Despite increasing scholarly interest in commercialisation and university-industry linkages (UIL), a number of gaps remain in the theoretical development of this area. In particular, researchers have not yet been able to identify whether critical success factors for commercialisation change at various stages of partnership evolution. That means, as UILs increase in commitment and joint activities, how do we best manage and foster these developing partnerships at various stages of the development? The research study draws on relationship marketing theory, which shows a developing stream of research into changes of relationship characteristics and performance throughout relationship development. The qualitative phase of this study consisted of a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with members of industry and academia in Australia and Germany/Netherlands who are involved in UILs. Some interviews were conducted face-to-face, others by phone. Over the course of an hour, participants were questioned about their involvement and experience with UILs, with a particular focus on relationship evolution. All UILs are different, uniting a range of individuals from different backgrounds and organisations, with varying skills, needs and objectives. While each UIL thus should be considered on its own, the results clearly indicate that (1) relationships evolve over time and that (2) a number of key factors appear as relevant across a cross-section of linkages. The research identified three UIL phases as well as a pre- and post-linkage stage, each characterised by a distinct measure of success. As illustrated in the model on the following page, while each of these phases had different drivers of success, common threads emerged, similarly in Australia and Germany. In particular, communication, trust, personal relationships, understanding and meeting expectations (delivery) emerged as critical throughout a linkage lifecycle, yet in different forms. It should be noted, however, that relationships do not evolve linearly. Rather, dissolution or positive divergence, for example due to a lack of immediate projects or other relevant activities, may arise at any time and may entail a re-evaluation of various aspects of the UIL and its future.
Mit der steigenden Wichtigkeit von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten für die Konsumenten gewinnen in jüngster Zeit zunehmend Marketingkonzepte an Bedeutung, die an den Produktverkauf die Unterstützung karitativer Projekte koppeln. Krombacher zeigt Engagement für den Regenwald, Danone/Actimel für die Kinder in Afrika, Procter&Gamble/Wick für den Lebensraum der Eisbären. Projekte mit karitativem Hintergrund und werben mit dem guten Zweck sind im Trend. Doch wie werden solche Projekte und Marketingkampagnen von Seiten der Konsumenten bewertet? Wie glaubwürdig sind diese und haben sie ein positives Kampagnenprofil? Und existiert ein Wunsch von Seiten der Konsumenten nach mehr solcher karitativen Marketingkonzepten? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurde im Sommer/Herbst 2009 eine Befragung von 482 Konsumenten durchgeführt.
Mit dem wachsenden Gesundheitsbewusstsein beim Lebensmittelkauf und -konsum gewinnen in jüngster Zeit zunehmend eine Fokussierung auf "günstige" Nährwerte sowie deren Ausweis im Rahmen der Nährwertkenn-zeichnung (NWK) an Bedeutung für den Markterfolg im Lebensmittelmarkt. Neben der optimalen Umsetzung einer NWK unter Marketing- und Kommunikationsgesichtspunkten befinden sich mit der GDA- und Ampel-NWK derzeit zwei unterschiedliche NWK-Typen in der gesundheits- und verbraucherpolitischen Diskussion um deren relative Vorteilhaftigkeit. Für eine optimale Ausgestaltung von NWKs und die Kommunikation von Nährwertvorteilen werden Informationen benötigt, wie eigentlich bisherige NWKs von Verbraucherseite genutzt werden und welche Einstellungen Verbraucher diesen gegenüber haben. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurde im Winter 2009/2010 eine Befragung durchgeführt. Ziel war es, neben der Gewinnung tieferer Einblicke in die Akzeptanz und Nutzung von NWK durch Konsumenten im Allgemeinen auch Einblicke in die wahrgenommenen Vor- und Nachteile der GDA- und Ampel-NWK aus Verbrauchersicht zu gewinnen. Der vorliegende Berichtsband gibt einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse der Studie.