330 Wirtschaft
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Inhaltsübersicht: 1 Historische Entwicklung der Containerschifffahrt 2 Aktuelle Marktsituation 2.1 Krise 2.2 Bildung von Allianzen 2.3 Große Containerschiffe 3 Analysekriterien zur Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Containerschiffen 3.1 Aufwandsfaktoren 3.1.1 Anschaffungskosten 3.1.2 Treibstoffbedarf 3.1.3 Personalbedarf 3.1.4 Gebühren für die Nutzung von Schifffahrtsstraßen 3.1.5 Hafengebühren 3.1.6 Wartungs-, Reparatur- und Klassifikationskosten 3.1.7 Wartungsintensität 3.1.8 Versicherungskosten 3.1.9 Schadstoff-Emissionen 3.2 Nutzenfaktoren 3.2.1 Ladekapazität 3.2.2 Auslastung 3.2.3 Fahrgeschwindigkeit 3.2.4 Umschlagsgeschwindigkeit 3.2.5 Manövrierfähigkeit 3.2.6 Ladungssicherheit 3.2.7 Routenflexibilität 3.2.8 Verfügbarkeit geeigneter Häfen 3.2.9 Verwertungsmöglichkeiten 4 Vorteile großer Containerschiffe 5 Nachteile großer Containerschiffe 6 Profiteure der Situation 7 Persönliches Fazit
Lebensmittelabfälle sind entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette aus ethischer, ökologischer, sozialer und ökonomischer Perspektive problematisch und widersprechen dem Nachhaltigkeitsgedanken, wie er 1987 von der Brundtland-Kommission (WCED 1987) formuliert wurde. Besonders vor dem Hintergrund einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung, knapper Ressourcen und einer steigenden Anzahl an Hunger leidenden Menschen ist die Verschwendung von Lebensmitteln nicht vertretbar.
The objective of this paper is to identify those areas of consumption, in which private households can make significant contributions to environmental sustainability, and to present a transparent and comprehensive set of indicators for them. The analysis of the environmental impacts of households focuses on consumption clusters that permit to depict different life spheres of private households. Two criteria guided the investigation of the relevance of these clusters: · The significance of the consumption cluster, and · The potential influence of households. Resource consumption was chosen as simplified, but reliable representation of environmental pressure dynamics. Growing resource consumption goes together with growing environmental pressures and vice versa, although not necessarily proportionally. The key resources analysed are energy and material consumption, and land use. Based on this analysis, three priority fields for action by households were identified: construction and housing, food/nutrition and transport (in this order). All other consumption clusters can be considered environmentally marginal, providing combined saving potentials of less than 10% of the total resource consumption. Finally, from description of the respective roles of actors based on anecdotal evidence a semi-quantitative "actor matrix" is presented indicating the relative influence of different actors per consumption cluster.
The influence of globalization on the sustainability of consumption is a frequent topic in academic and political debates. Despite this, the scientific understanding of this influence and, even more so, of the consequences for governance strategies in pursuit of sustainable consumption are still weak. In this paper, we therefore inquire into the specific channels of the influence of globalization on the sustainability of consumption. Based on our analysis, we develop guidelines for sustainable consumption governance.
This report presents the findings related to the factors affecting the extent of university-business cooperation that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the barriers and drivers of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved, making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the supporting mechanisms of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between HEIs1 and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
Mit dem wachsenden Gesundheitsbewusstsein beim Lebensmittelkauf und -konsum gewinnen in jüngster Zeit zunehmend eine Fokussierung auf "günstige" Nährwerte sowie deren Ausweis im Rahmen der Nährwertkenn-zeichnung (NWK) an Bedeutung für den Markterfolg im Lebensmittelmarkt. Neben der optimalen Umsetzung einer NWK unter Marketing- und Kommunikationsgesichtspunkten befinden sich mit der GDA- und Ampel-NWK derzeit zwei unterschiedliche NWK-Typen in der gesundheits- und verbraucherpolitischen Diskussion um deren relative Vorteilhaftigkeit. Für eine optimale Ausgestaltung von NWKs und die Kommunikation von Nährwertvorteilen werden Informationen benötigt, wie eigentlich bisherige NWKs von Verbraucherseite genutzt werden und welche Einstellungen Verbraucher diesen gegenüber haben. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurde im Winter 2009/2010 eine Befragung durchgeführt. Ziel war es, neben der Gewinnung tieferer Einblicke in die Akzeptanz und Nutzung von NWK durch Konsumenten im Allgemeinen auch Einblicke in die wahrgenommenen Vor- und Nachteile der GDA- und Ampel-NWK aus Verbrauchersicht zu gewinnen. Der vorliegende Berichtsband gibt einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse der Studie.