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Inhaltsübersicht: 1 Historische Entwicklung der Containerschifffahrt 2 Aktuelle Marktsituation 2.1 Krise 2.2 Bildung von Allianzen 2.3 Große Containerschiffe 3 Analysekriterien zur Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Containerschiffen 3.1 Aufwandsfaktoren 3.1.1 Anschaffungskosten 3.1.2 Treibstoffbedarf 3.1.3 Personalbedarf 3.1.4 Gebühren für die Nutzung von Schifffahrtsstraßen 3.1.5 Hafengebühren 3.1.6 Wartungs-, Reparatur- und Klassifikationskosten 3.1.7 Wartungsintensität 3.1.8 Versicherungskosten 3.1.9 Schadstoff-Emissionen 3.2 Nutzenfaktoren 3.2.1 Ladekapazität 3.2.2 Auslastung 3.2.3 Fahrgeschwindigkeit 3.2.4 Umschlagsgeschwindigkeit 3.2.5 Manövrierfähigkeit 3.2.6 Ladungssicherheit 3.2.7 Routenflexibilität 3.2.8 Verfügbarkeit geeigneter Häfen 3.2.9 Verwertungsmöglichkeiten 4 Vorteile großer Containerschiffe 5 Nachteile großer Containerschiffe 6 Profiteure der Situation 7 Persönliches Fazit
Lebensmittelabfälle sind entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette aus ethischer, ökologischer, sozialer und ökonomischer Perspektive problematisch und widersprechen dem Nachhaltigkeitsgedanken, wie er 1987 von der Brundtland-Kommission (WCED 1987) formuliert wurde. Besonders vor dem Hintergrund einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung, knapper Ressourcen und einer steigenden Anzahl an Hunger leidenden Menschen ist die Verschwendung von Lebensmitteln nicht vertretbar.
The objective of this paper is to identify those areas of consumption, in which private households can make significant contributions to environmental sustainability, and to present a transparent and comprehensive set of indicators for them. The analysis of the environmental impacts of households focuses on consumption clusters that permit to depict different life spheres of private households. Two criteria guided the investigation of the relevance of these clusters: · The significance of the consumption cluster, and · The potential influence of households. Resource consumption was chosen as simplified, but reliable representation of environmental pressure dynamics. Growing resource consumption goes together with growing environmental pressures and vice versa, although not necessarily proportionally. The key resources analysed are energy and material consumption, and land use. Based on this analysis, three priority fields for action by households were identified: construction and housing, food/nutrition and transport (in this order). All other consumption clusters can be considered environmentally marginal, providing combined saving potentials of less than 10% of the total resource consumption. Finally, from description of the respective roles of actors based on anecdotal evidence a semi-quantitative "actor matrix" is presented indicating the relative influence of different actors per consumption cluster.
The influence of globalization on the sustainability of consumption is a frequent topic in academic and political debates. Despite this, the scientific understanding of this influence and, even more so, of the consequences for governance strategies in pursuit of sustainable consumption are still weak. In this paper, we therefore inquire into the specific channels of the influence of globalization on the sustainability of consumption. Based on our analysis, we develop guidelines for sustainable consumption governance.
Despite increasing scholarly interest in commercialisation and university-industry linkages (UIL), a number of gaps remain in the theoretical development of this area. In particular, researchers have not yet been able to identify whether critical success factors for commercialisation change at various stages of partnership evolution. That means, as UILs increase in commitment and joint activities, how do we best manage and foster these developing partnerships at various stages of the development? The research study draws on relationship marketing theory, which shows a developing stream of research into changes of relationship characteristics and performance throughout relationship development. The qualitative phase of this study consisted of a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with members of industry and academia in Australia and Germany/Netherlands who are involved in UILs. Some interviews were conducted face-to-face, others by phone. Over the course of an hour, participants were questioned about their involvement and experience with UILs, with a particular focus on relationship evolution. All UILs are different, uniting a range of individuals from different backgrounds and organisations, with varying skills, needs and objectives. While each UIL thus should be considered on its own, the results clearly indicate that (1) relationships evolve over time and that (2) a number of key factors appear as relevant across a cross-section of linkages. The research identified three UIL phases as well as a pre- and post-linkage stage, each characterised by a distinct measure of success. As illustrated in the model on the following page, while each of these phases had different drivers of success, common threads emerged, similarly in Australia and Germany. In particular, communication, trust, personal relationships, understanding and meeting expectations (delivery) emerged as critical throughout a linkage lifecycle, yet in different forms. It should be noted, however, that relationships do not evolve linearly. Rather, dissolution or positive divergence, for example due to a lack of immediate projects or other relevant activities, may arise at any time and may entail a re-evaluation of various aspects of the UIL and its future.
This report presents the findings related to the factors affecting the extent of university-business cooperation that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the barriers and drivers of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between higher education institutions1 (HEIs) and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved, making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
This report presents the findings related to the supporting mechanisms of university-business cooperation (UBC) that have been found to exist in Europe. These results derive from a fifteen and a half month study on the cooperation between HEIs1 and public and private organisations in Europe. The study was conducted by the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Germany (S2BMRC) for the DG Education and Culture at the European Commission (EC) during 2010 and 2011. The main components of the project are in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 recognised UBC experts as well as a major quantitative survey. The survey was translated into 22 languages and sent to all registered European HEIs (numbering over 3,000) in 33 countries during March 2011. Through this, a final sample population of 6,280 academics and HEI representatives was achieved making the study the largest study into cooperation between HEIs and business yet completed in Europe. Further, 30 good practice UBC case studies have been created to provide positive examples of European UBC.
Mit dem wachsenden Gesundheitsbewusstsein beim Lebensmittelkauf und -konsum gewinnen in jüngster Zeit zunehmend eine Fokussierung auf "günstige" Nährwerte sowie deren Ausweis im Rahmen der Nährwertkenn-zeichnung (NWK) an Bedeutung für den Markterfolg im Lebensmittelmarkt. Neben der optimalen Umsetzung einer NWK unter Marketing- und Kommunikationsgesichtspunkten befinden sich mit der GDA- und Ampel-NWK derzeit zwei unterschiedliche NWK-Typen in der gesundheits- und verbraucherpolitischen Diskussion um deren relative Vorteilhaftigkeit. Für eine optimale Ausgestaltung von NWKs und die Kommunikation von Nährwertvorteilen werden Informationen benötigt, wie eigentlich bisherige NWKs von Verbraucherseite genutzt werden und welche Einstellungen Verbraucher diesen gegenüber haben. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurde im Winter 2009/2010 eine Befragung durchgeführt. Ziel war es, neben der Gewinnung tieferer Einblicke in die Akzeptanz und Nutzung von NWK durch Konsumenten im Allgemeinen auch Einblicke in die wahrgenommenen Vor- und Nachteile der GDA- und Ampel-NWK aus Verbrauchersicht zu gewinnen. Der vorliegende Berichtsband gibt einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse der Studie.
Mit der steigenden Wichtigkeit von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten für die Konsumenten gewinnen in jüngster Zeit zunehmend Marketingkonzepte an Bedeutung, die an den Produktverkauf die Unterstützung karitativer Projekte koppeln. Krombacher zeigt Engagement für den Regenwald, Danone/Actimel für die Kinder in Afrika, Procter&Gamble/Wick für den Lebensraum der Eisbären. Projekte mit karitativem Hintergrund und werben mit dem guten Zweck sind im Trend. Doch wie werden solche Projekte und Marketingkampagnen von Seiten der Konsumenten bewertet? Wie glaubwürdig sind diese und haben sie ein positives Kampagnenprofil? Und existiert ein Wunsch von Seiten der Konsumenten nach mehr solcher karitativen Marketingkonzepten? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurde im Sommer/Herbst 2009 eine Befragung von 482 Konsumenten durchgeführt.
Ziel dieses Artikel ist eine Analyse des FX-Abwicklungsprozesses und die Darstellung generierbarer Outsourcing-Potenziale mit einer abschließenden Herleitung möglicher Sourcing-Strategien. Hierzu werden zunächst Chancen und Risiken des Outsourcings von Abwicklungsdienstleistungen im Bankenbereich detailliert gegenübergestellt. Es folgt eine kurze Betrachtung der aktuellen Situation im Outsourcing-Markt für Finanzdienstleister in Deutschland. Abschließend wird die Umsetzung von Outsourcing-Maßnahmen im FX-Processing diskutiert. Hier erfolgt zunächst eine Analyse des FX-Prozesses anhand von abgegrenzten Transaktions- und Vertragsarten. An die Modellierung des FX-Abwicklungsprozesses schließt sich eine Betrachtung der Rolle von CLS (Continuous Linked Settlement) an. Die Abwägung von Outsourcing-Potenzialen wird unter Einbezug der vorher definierten Chancen und Risiken vorgenommen. Hierauf aufbauend soll die Herleitung von möglichen Strategien für den FX-Bereich den Artikel abschließen. Wesentliche Quellen für den vorliegenden Text sind insbesondere Aufsätze, andere Fachveröffentlichungen sowie aktuelle Studien diverser fachkundiger Unternehmensberatungen. Zusammen mit speziell durchgeführten Fach- und Telefoninterviews des Verfassers mit Experten aus der Praxis gelingt es, einen besonderen Bezug zu aktuellen Entwicklungen und Trends herzustellen.
This paper deals with the time-to-market in the internet economy. Past and current research on the topic, by and large, aims at market entry as the crucial starting point of a new product's implementation and commercial utilization. Time-to-market, however, goes beyond such an isolated discussion and employs a holistic approach. Also the starting point of innovation and the duration of the innovation process are important parts of the time-to-market concept presented here. Moreover, systematic research on timing has so far focused on traditional businesses. The aim of this paper is to look at the internet economy with the focus on timing strategies. After an introduction to the conceptual framework of time-to-market, this paper will discuss strategic implications of internet-based timing. Here it will focus chiefly on the beginning and the end of the innovation process. Chapter four, then, will exhibit the first results of an empirical study about European B2B-marketplaces with special respect to timing strategies. The paper concludes with an outlook on subject timing and some proposals for future research.
Multi-National and Multi-Entity capable Securities Order Management System for Electronic Brokerages
(2004)
The current bear market has forced electronic brokerages to compensate the transaction-driven fixed cost degression effect of bull markets by cost containment programs, while maintaining their position in the expanded markets. Orderflow consolidation will be the key principle to obtain the critical mass for this business. Options for the consolidation of the order flow can be the consolidation across internal entities / countries of the group and the acquisition of external order volumes e.g. via brokerage franchises. The current system landscape is not designed to support multi-national and multi-entity order flow consolidation. Fragmented, redundant, legacy-based and proprietary securities order management systems have been utilized to ensure market readiness in the former bull market. This article outlines the requirements and architecture for securities order management systems which enable the efficient orderflow consolidation across entities and countries in the brokerage industry.
This article analyses the impacts on the brokerage business of existing market trends. It is here argued that the current situation shows the potential for insourcing offerings in the order routing.
The former bull market has led to developments in the online brokerage industry such as over-capacity, profit-margin pressure, high fixed costs and unprofitable country expansion in the current bear market environment. In order to manage this situation, tactical measures like cost containment programs and closing of international brokerages have been applied. More strategic approaches like order flow consolidation by brokerage franchises, integrated online & branch brokerages and multinational electronic brokerages are valid alternative responses to these developments. This article outlines the Multi-National Electronic Brokerage approach from a strategic, functional, operational and technical perspective.
In Kooperation mit namhaften Firmen und Institutionen sind im Absolventenjahrgang 2001 wertvolle Diplomarbeiten entstanden, deren Ergebnisse in die dortigen Abläufe nutzbringend integriert wurden. Das zeugt von der fachlichen Kompetenz der Diplomanden. Die hier prämierten "Top Ten" zeichnen sich in besonderer Weise durch ihren Praxis-, Wissenschafts- und Anwendungsbezug aus und werden deshalb bezug geehrt.
Unter den 1000 Abschlussarbeiten, die jedes Jahr ander Fachhochschule Münster angefertigt werden, gilt es die herausragendsten des Jahres 1999 zu ehren. Der besonders hohe Anspruch wird dabei durch den Praxis-, Wissenschafts- und Anwendungsbezug hergestellt. Elf Diplomandinnen und Diplomanden aus den Fachbereichen der Hochschule erfahren diese besondere Ehrung.