Kompetenzzentrum Humanitäre Hilfe
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Eine besonders von Wassermangel betroffene Region ist das Bundesland Afar im Nordosten Äthiopiens. In diesem Gebiet befindet sich das Dorf Hidmo. Mittels Geldern aus der Entwicklungshilfe hat die äthiopische Regierung dort ein Schulgebäude errichten lassen, damit die Kinder aus der Umgebung der allgemeinen Schulpflicht nachkommen können. Es wurde aber vergessen, Geld für eine Wasser-und Sanitärversorgung einzuplanen, diese wäre notwendig, da die nächste Wasserstelle 500 m weit entfernt ist. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll auf Vorplanungsniveau untersucht werden, inwiefern es möglich ist, Niederschlagswasser zu speichern, welches den Schülern als Wasserquelle dient und welche Sanitärsysteme dafür in Frage kommen. Zum einen sollen diese das Ausbreiten von Krankheiten verhindern und zum anderen die knappe Ressource Wasser schonen. Zusätzlich soll versucht werden, Bewässerungswasser bereit zu stellen, zur Bewässerung eines schuleigenen Nutzgartens, der dazu dienen soll, die Kinder in sparsamen Bewässerungsmethoden zu schulen. Der Wasserspeicher soll nur Brauchwasser zum Händewaschen und zu Bewässerungszwecken liefern. Trinkwasser soll mittels einer Rohrleitung aus der vorhandenen, 500m von der Schule entfernten, Wasserquelle bezogen werden. Zur Auswahl sollen nur angepasste Technologien kommen, vorwiegend einfach gehalten, dem Prinzip der Kreislaufwirtschaft nahekommend.
The Tigray and Afar Water Initiative (TAWI) is a collaboration between the Mekelle University (Ethiopia), the Muenster University of Applied Sciences (Germany) and the Westfalian Wilhelms-University Muenster (Germany). This special initiative is concerned with the rural water supply for the particularly water-scarce regional states of Tigray and Afar in the semi-arid north of Ethiopia. This paper describes a pilot project near the village of Koraro, Hawzen county in the Tigray region and deals with river reaches or creeks which carry water for short periods and only after the longer of two rainy seasons. When these waters run dry, water is still often to be found under the dry beds and is used casually by local people for agricultural purposes. An impermeable wall constructed as a subsurface dam to retain water in the ensuing subsurface micro-reservoir under the bed of such rivers could enable this usage to be intensified and hence enhance the water supply of small local user-groups, while at the same time positively influencing the landscape water balance. Here, the word micro refers to the fact that only the pores of the granular soil of an alluvial river bed are used to store water. Furthermore, storing water underground also avoids the danger of increasing the incidence of diseases such as malaria, a consequence of open water ponds.
Background. Ketone bodies are a highly relevant topic in nutrition and medicine. -e influence of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on ketogenesis is well known and has been successfully used in ketogenic diets for many years. Nevertheless, the effects of MCTs and coconut oil on the production of ketone bodies have only partially been investigated. Furthermore, the increased mobilisation of free fatty acids and release of catabolic hormones by caffeine suggest an influence of caffeine on ketogenesis.
Methods. In a controlled, double-blind intervention study, seven young healthy subjects received 10mL of tricaprylin (C8), tricaprin (C10), C8/C10 (50% C8, 50% C10), or coconut oil with or without 150 mg of caffeine, in 250mL of decaffeinated coffee, over ten interventions. At baseline and after every 40 minutes, for 4 h, ßHB and glucose in capillary blood as well as caffeine in saliva were measured. Furthermore, questionnaires were used to survey sensory properties, side effects, and awareness of hunger and satiety. Results. -e interventions with caffeine caused an increase in ßHB levels—in particular, the interventions with C8 highly impacted ketogenesis. -e effect decreased with increased chain lengths. All interventions showed a continuous increase in hunger and diminishing satiety. Mild side effects (total � 12) occurred during the interventions. Conclusions. -e present study demonstrated an influence of caffeine and MCTon ketogenesis. -eaddition of caffeine showed an additive effect on the ketogenic potential of MCT and coconut oil. C8 showed the highest ketogenicity.
Generell ist eine kurzfristig unzureichende Nahrungsmittelzufuhr für den durchschnittlichen Bundesbuerger nicht unmittelbar mit gesundheitlichen Einschraenkungen verbunden. Vulnerable Bevoelkerungsgruppen sollten in derartigen Situationen jedoch eine besondere Beruecksichtigung erfahren. Zu diesen koennen die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit betrachteten Gruppen zaehlen. Aber auch chronisch kranke Menschen oder Personen mit Lebensmittelallergien weisen besondere Anforderungen an eine Lebensmittelversorgung im Krisenfall auf.
BACKGROUND Concerns about the nutritional status of Cambodian garment workers were raised years ago but data are still scarce. The objectives of this study are to examine the nutritional, hemoglobin and micronutrient status of female workers in a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and to assess if body mass index is associated with hemoglobin and/or micronutrient status. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 223 female workers (nulliparous, non-pregnant) at a garment factory in Phnom Penh. Anthropometric measurements were performed and blood samples were taken to obtain results on hemoglobin, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and inflammation status (hemoglobinopathies not determined). Bivariate correlations were used to assess associations. RESULTS Overall, 31.4% of workers were underweight, 26.9% showed anemia, 22.1% showed iron deficiency, while 46.5% had marginal iron stores. No evidence of vitamin A or vitamin B12 deficiency was found. Body mass index was associated with serum ferritin (negative) and serum retinol-binding protein (positive) concentrations, but not strongly. A comparison between underweight and not underweight workers resulted in distinctions for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, with a higher prevalence among not underweight. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of underweight, anemia and poor iron status was high. Young and nulliparous female garment workers in Cambodia might constitute a group with elevated risk for nutritional deficiencies. Strategies need to be developed for improving their nutritional, micronutrient and health status. The poor iron status seems to contribute to the overall prevalence of anemia. Low hemoglobin and iron deficiency affected both underweight and those not underweight. Despite the fact that body mass index was negatively associated with iron stores, true differences in iron status between underweight and not underweight participants cannot be confirmed.
In der internationalen Soforthilfe haben sich standardisierte und technisch angepasste Lösungen bewährt. Die als Verpackungsmaterial mobiler Nothilfeeinheiten ausgelieferten Europaletten lassen sich aufgrund ihrer Standardisierung weltweit zu semipermanenten Gebäuden mit einfachsten Mitteln zusammensetzen.