Gesundheit (MDH)
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- Addiction (1)
- Appearance-concerns (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Dermatillomanie (1)
- Habit (1)
- Palliative Care (1)
- Self Report Habit Index (1)
- Skin Picking (1)
- Smartphone (1)
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Background and objectives: Virtual reality simulation (VRS) can be used to complement experiential learning, as it enables nursing students to further learn and refine nursing skills outside of the clinical setting. However, gathering evidence for its effectiveness as a teaching method in achieving learning outcomes is still ongoing, and thus there is a lack of systematic synthesis. The objective of this systematic literature review is to analyze VRS scenarios with a high level of immersion and their impact on learning outcomes in nursing education.
Methods: A literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ERIC databases in November 2022. As a result, fifteen studies were included and analyzed using deductive content analysis.
Results: The studies reported twelve different scenarios for virtual reality simulations with high levels of immersion, the focus of which was on acute critical care, broader nursing processes, neonatal and pediatric care, single nursing interventions, and observation of patients’ symptoms. The associated learning objectives were mainly achieved in the domains of cognition and psychomotor skills.
Conclusions: There are several VRS scenarios that show potential for use in nursing education. The VRS scenarios are effective in improving learning outcomes, particularly those related to knowledge and skills. Overall, the supportive body of evidence gained through this review may help nurse educators in integrating virtual simulations in their curricula. In the future, nursing and adult learning theories should be given greater consideration, and the aspect of affective learning could be included in design and implementation. Moreover, future research could benefit from exploring the long-term effects of learning after using VRS with a high level of immersion to provide valuable evidence for developing VRS teaching methods in nursing.
Habits are highly automated behaviors that have received renewed attention in addiction research. The Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) is a widely used measure of habits. Two cross-sectional online studies aimed at validating a German version of the SRHI to assess two everyday health-risk behaviors: caffeine consumption and smartphone/tablet use. In both studies (N = 1310), the SRHI scales (one adapted for caffeine consumption, one for smartphone/tablet use), as well as corresponding addiction scales and health outcomes (study 1), or established validity measures (study 2), were assessed. Both SRHI scales showed satisfying item characteristics, high internal consistencies (αs > .90), adequate construct validity, and a three-factorial solution with a satisfying model fit (CFI/TLIs > .95, SRMRs ≤ 0.05). Highest correlations emerged between SRHI and addiction scales. The studies show that the German SRHI can be used to validly assess health-risk behaviors. The observed strong correlations of the SRHI scales with addiction scales suggest that (self-reported) habit is indeed an important aspect to consider in addiction research.