Wirtschaft (MSB)
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- 2024 (41) (remove)
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Supply chains often match the supply of labour to uncertain demand by using precarious workprecarious workers. This increases flexibility and lowers costs for the supply chain by shifting risk to the workers and costs to society. Supply chains are maximizing profits, often literally, on the backs of their workers by creating serious negative externalities for society. We address this issue using a powerpower perspective because powerpower is asymmetrically oriented against workers in many supply chain contexts. This allows us to identify examples of how to reverse this trend and shift powerpower back to workers. The goal is to get to where stakeholders understand the costs and limited benefits of precarity, where we can separate the notion of flexibility from low costs, and where through a combination of incentives, policy, social norms of ethical behaviour, and consumer action, we can get to a better place than where we are now.
Der Abschlussbericht fasst die im Wintersemester 2023/2024 erzielten Ergebnisse des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojektes im Studiengang Master of Science Wirtschaftsinformatik an der FH Münster zusammen.
Das Forschungsprojekt befasste sich mit der Fragestellung, wie sich hochperformanter Code in systemfernen Programmiersprachen wie Java oder JavaScript integrieren lässt, um die vorhandene Hardwareleistung moderner CPUs und GPUs besser ausnutzen zu können. Derzeitig wird hierzu sowohl im Umfeld der Java-Plattform als auch in einer Working Group des World Wide Web Consortiums an Vorschlägen zur verbesserten SIMD-Integration gearbeitet. Im Forschungprojekt wurden diese Vorschläge aufgegriffen und hinichtlich des resultierenden Programmieraufwandes und der erzielbaren Leistungssteigerung qualitativ und quantitativ bewertet. Für JavaScript-basierte Browseranwendungen standen die Schnittstellen WebGPU und WebGL im Mittelpunkt, im Java-Umfeld wurden die drei Schnittstellen Foreign Functions & Memory API, Java Vector API und Java Native Interface (JNI) miteinander verglichen und bewertet.
AI-based chatbots as enabler for efficient external knowledge management in public administration
(2024)
This study addresses the pressing issue of staff shortages in German public administrations through the lens of digitalization, focusing on the potential of AI-based chatbots to solve this problem by replacing human labour. Employing a Design Science Research Process (DSRP) methodology, the research synthesizes theoretical foundations and regulatory frameworks to develop a robust chatbot concept. The artifact presented is a comprehensive architectural framework integrating user-centric design, linguistic processing, and regulatory compliance. The proposed artifact navigates complex federal structures and diverse IT infrastructures, promoting accessibility and inclusivity. Implications suggest enhanced efficiency and accessibility in public service delivery for potentially increasing citizen satisfaction and decreasing employee workload. The study underscores the importance of legal compliance and the evolving regulatory landscape in AI deployment. Future research will involve prototyping and evaluating the artifact's performance and applicability throughout the course of the DSRP, thus contributing to the advancement of digital transformation in public administrations.
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the capability to analyze vast amounts of data and has been applied in various healthcare sectors. However, its effectiveness in aiding pharmacotherapy decision-making remains uncertain due to the intricate, patient-specific, and dynamic nature of this field.
Objective
This study sought to investigate the potential of AI in guiding pharmacotherapy decisions using clinical data such as diagnoses, laboratory results, and vital signs obtained from routine patient care.
Methods
Data of a previous study on medication therapy optimization was updated and adapted for the purpose of this study. Analysis was conducted using R software along with the tidymodels extension packages. The dataset was split into 74% for training and 26% for testing. Decision trees were selected as the primary model due to their simplicity, transparency, and interpretability. To prevent overfitting, bootstrapping techniques were employed, and hyperparameters were fine-tuned. Performance metrics such as areas under the curve and accuracies were computed.
Results
The study cohort comprised 101 elderly patients with multiple diagnoses and complex medication regimens. The AI model demonstrated prediction accuracies ranging from 38% to 100% for various cardiovascular drug classes. Laboratory data and vital signs could not be interpreted, as the effect and dependence were unclear for the model. The study revealed that the issue of AI lag time in responding to sudden changes could be addressed by manually adjusting decision trees, a task not feasible with neural networks.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the AI model exhibited promise in recommending appropriate medications for individual patients. While the study identified several obstacles during model development, most were successfully resolved. Future AI studies need to include the drug effect, not only the drug, if laboratory data is part of the decision. This could assist with interpreting their potential relationship. Human oversight and intervention remain essential for an AI-driven pharmacotherapy decision support system to ensure safe and effective patient care.