Oecotrophologie · Facility Management (OEF)
Refine
Year
Publication Type
- Article (59)
- Part of a Book (15)
- Conference Proceeding (11)
- Book (7)
- Report (2)
- Review (1)
- Working Paper (1)
Keywords
- plant-based diet (6)
- cardiovascular disease (3)
- Gesundheitsökonomie (2)
- Lebensstilprogramm (2)
- carotid intima-media thickness (2)
- Adipositas (1)
- Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (1)
- Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement · Bedarfsanalyse · Maßnahmen· Wissenschaft liche Theorien · Theoretische Grundlagen · Systematisches Literaturreview (1)
- Bewegung (1)
- Ernährung (1)
Vegane Ernährung
(2016)
Background
Worldwide the prevalence of obesity is high, and promoting a shift towards more healthful and more plant-based dietary patterns appears to be one promising strategy to address this issue. A dietary score to assess adherence to a healthy plant-based diet is the healthful plant-based diet index. While there is evidence from cohort studies that an increased healthful plant-based diet index is associated with improved risk markers, evidence from intervention studies is still lacking.
Methods
A lifestyle intervention was conducted with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population (n = 115). The intervention consisted of a 16-month lifestyle program focusing on a healthy plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management, and community support.
Results
After 10 weeks, significant improvements were seen in dietary quality, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, measured and calculated LDL cholesterol, oxidized LDL particles, non-HDL cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, and pulse pressure. After 16 months, significant decreases were seen in body weight (-1.8 kg), body mass index (-0.6 kg/m2), and measured LDL cholesterol (-12 mg/dl). Increases in the healthful plant-based diet index were associated with risk marker improvements.
Conclusions
The recommendation of moving towards a plant-based diet appears acceptable and actionable and may improve body weight. The healthful plant-based diet index can be a useful parameter for intervention studies.
The Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Glycemic Levels and Medication Intake:The Rockford CHIP
(2012)
Introduction: The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the past 50 years has led to intense research, resulting in many improvements in treatment. At the same time, type 2 diabetes, with its concomitant increase in vascular complications, has become a serious, exploding and costly public health concern . Diabetes now affects 285 million adults worldwide and 344 million with pre-diabetes. Of these, 25.8 million diabetics and 79 million pre-diabetics are found in the United States alone.The current cost of diabetes in the US is likely to exceed the $174 billion estimate, which includes 2/3 for direct medical costs and 1/3 for indirect costs, such as disability, work loss, and premature death, but omits the social cost of intangibles (e.g. pain, suffering, lower quality of life). The diabetes epidemic has been accompanied by a similarly drastic increase in obesity. Although the relationship between the two developments is a matter of debate, both are presumably caused by changes in dietary habits and an increasingly sedentary modern lifestyle . Compelling evidence has shown that lifestyle changes can effectively prevent or delay the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Because individuals at risk for this disease can usually be identified during the pre-diabetic phase of impaired glucose tolerance, early intervention and lifestyle change offer a logical approach to preventing this disease and its devastating vascular complications. Additionally, community-based lifestyle interventions for high risk groups and for the general population are a cost-effective way of curbing the growing burden of the disease. Solidifying the scientific basis for the prevention, treatment and control of this disease and its implementation on a national level, however, remains a difficult challenge. Moreresearch is needed to provide comprehensive and more effective strategies for weight-loss,especially over time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify diabetics and those at risk (prediabetics) out of the total cohort of 1,517 who selected themselves into an intensive community-based lifestyle intervention program, and to assess its clinical efficacy ineffecting medication status as determined and managed by their personal physicians.
The Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) for Lowering and Improving Psychological Health
(2011)
This study extends previous research evaluating the association between the CHIP intervention, change in body weight, and change in psychological health. A randomized controlled health intervention study lasting 4 wk. was used with 348 participants from metropolitan Rockford, Illinois; ages ranged from 24 to 81 yr. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 wk., and 6 mo. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and three selected psychosocial measures from the SF-36 Health Survey were used. Significantly greater decreases in Body Mass Index (BMI) occurred after 6 wk. and 6 mo. follow-up for the intervention group compared with the control group, with greater decreases for participants in the overweight and obese categories. Significantly greater improvements were observed in BDI scores, role-emotional and social functioning, and mental health throughout follow-up for the intervention group. The greater the decrease in BMI through 6 wk., the better the chance of improved BDI score, role-emotional score, social functioning score, and mental health score, with odds ratios of 1.3 to 1.9. Similar results occurred through 6 mo., except the mental health variable became nonsignificant. These results indicate that the CHIP intervention significantly improved psychological health for at least six months afterwards, in part through its influence on lowering BMI.
Selenium and Immunity
(2019)
Potenzial eines community-basierten Lebensstilprogramms
zur Verbesserung gesundheitsökonomischer
Parameter am Beispiel des LDL-Cholesterinspiegels
und der Einnahme cholesterinsenkender
Medikamente
Hintergrund: Nicht-übertragbare Zivilisationserkrankungen
(NCDs) stellen eine enorme finanzielle Belastung für unser
Gesundheitssystem dar. Erhöhte Lipidwerte, insbesondere
der LDL-Cholesterinspiegel, gelten u. a. als Hauptrisikofaktoren
für die Entstehung lebensstilabhängiger Erkrankungen
und gehen nicht selten mit einer dauerhaften und kostenintensiven
Medikation einher. Zahlreiche Studien konnten
jedoch belegen, dass sich ein gesunder Lebensstil (gesunde
Ernährung, Bewegung etc.) positiv auf den Verlauf kardiovaskulärer
Risikofaktoren auswirkt. Vor diesem Hintergrund
besteht ein gesundheits politisch großes Interesse an der Implementierung
von nachhaltigen Lebensstilinterventionen mit
dem Ziel, langfristig eine Reduktion der Medikamenteneinnahme
und konsekutiv eine Senkung der Gesundheitsausgaben
zu erreichen.
Methoden: Die kontrollierte Interventionsstudie umfasst
6 Messzeitpunkte über einen Zeitraum von 24 Monaten.
Für die Interventionsgruppe (n = 112) fanden individuelle
Coachings und ein 10-wöchiges intensives Lebensstilprogramm
mit anschließenden monatlichen Alumni-Treffen statt.
Die Kontrollgruppe (n = 87) nahm an keinem Programm teil. In beiden Gruppen wurden, neben anthropometrischen, Vitalund
Laborparametern (u. a. LDL-Cholesterin), gesundheitsökonomische
Parameter mithilfe von Fragebögen erfasst.
Ergebnisse: In der Interventionsgruppe zeigte sich bisher eine
Verbesserung des LDL-Cholesterinspiegels nach 10 Wochen,
wobei sich gleichzeitig eine Tendenz zu einer reduzierten Einnahme
von cholesterinsenkenden Medikamenten abzeichnete.
In der Kontrollgruppe wurden weder Veränderungen des LDLCholesterinspiegels
noch Anpassungen der Medikamenteneinnahme
beobachtet.
Schlussfolgerung: Das community-basierte Lebens -
stil programm eignet sich, um den LDL-Cholesterinspiegel im
Blut zu senken und zeigt ein Potenzial zur verringerten Einnahme
von cholesterinsenkenden Medikamenten auf. Zukünftig
sollten die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Lebensstilinterventionen
auf die Verbesserung des Lipid profils, die Reduktion
der Medikamenteneinnahme sowie weitere gesundheitsökonomische
Parameter fokussiert werden.
Hintergrund: Der globale Anstieg von lebensstilabhängigen Erkrankungen, wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (DMT2), führt zu enormen Belastungen für das Gesundheitssystem. Dabei er-weist sich insbesondere der DMT2 häufig durch regelmäßige Untersuchungen und Medikationen als sehr kostenintensiv. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern ein Le-bensstilprogramm (LSP), durch die Senkung der Nüchternglu-cose und des HbA1c-Wertes, das DM2T-Risikoprofil verbessern und dem Übergang des Prädiabetes in einen DMT2 entgegen-wirken sowie sukzessive Kosteneinsparungen erzielen kann.Methoden: Das LSP umfasst eine 24-monatige, prospektive und kontrollierte Interventionsstudie mit Personen ≥18Jah-ren. Datenerhebungen wurden zur Baseline (t0) sowie nach 10 Wochen (t1) und 6, 12, 18 und 24 Monaten (t2–t5) festge-legt. Dabei werden u.a. Laborparameter (z.B. Nüchternglu-cose und HbA1c) sowie gesundheitsökonomische Parameter (z.B. Behandlungen und Medikationen) erfasst. In der Inter-ventionsgruppe (N=112) wurden individuelle Coachings, ein 10-wöchiges intensives LSP und monatliche Folgetreffen durchgeführt. Die Kontrollgruppe (N=87) erhielt ein „Treat-ment as usual“.Ergebnisse: In der Interventionsgruppe zeigte sich eine kon-tinuierliche Verringerung der Nüchternglucose (p<0,05), bis-her jedoch keine signifikante HbA1c-Reduktion, innerhalb der ersten 3 Messzeitpunkte (t0–t2). In der Kontrollgruppe wurde eine geringere Senkung der Nüchternglucose (p<0,01) sowie ein leichter Anstieg des HbA1c-Wertes (p<0,01) beobachtet (t0–t2).Schlussfolgerung: Das LSP konnte bisher zu einer Verbes-serung des DMT2-Risikoprofils führen (t0–t2) und kann sich präventiv auf die Manifestation und den Übergang eines Prä-diabetes in einen DMT2 auswirken. Daraus können Kosten-einsparungen abgeleitet werden. Die Auswertung weiterer Messzeitpunkte kann die langfristigen Auswirkungen des LSPs auf die Verbesserung von DMT2-assoziierten Parametern und damit verbundenen gesundheitsökonomischen Parame-tern aufzeigen.
Lass los was dich dick macht
(2013)
Lass los was dich dick macht
(2012)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund. Zur qualitätsbasierten
Weiterentwicklungeffizienter und bedarfs
orientierter Maßnahmen der betrieblichen
Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) ist es von
Interesse, einen Einblick in Ihren Aufbau,
die Ausgestaltung und den Ablauf der
Maßnahmender letztenzwei Jahrzehntezu
erlangen.
Zielsetzung. Auf Basis der arbeitsschutzori
entierten Leitliniendes GKV-Spitzenverbands
wird untersucht, ob vor der Umsetzung
von BGF-Maßnahmen Bedarfserhebungen
mittels Ist-Analysen durchgeführt wurden.
Zusätzlich wird betrachtet,ob die Analysen
„weiche“ Faktoren wie Kultur, Führung und
Beziehungsklima beinhalten. Weiter wird
analysiert, welche wissenschaftlichenTheori
en undModelle denMaßnahmenzugrunde
liegen. Zudem führt die Untersuchungeine
Wirksamkeitsbetrachtungdurch, um zu
ermitteln, welche Effekte die Maßnahmen
erzielten.
Methode. Das vorliegende Literatur-Review
untersucht wissenschaftlichevaluierte BGF
Maßnahmenaus den Jahren 2000–2020.
Hierzu wurde eine systematischeLitera
turrecherche in den zwei elektronischen
DatenbankenScopus und Web of Science
für den benannten Publikationszeitraum
durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse. Die Einschlusskriterienerfüllten
41Artikel.Nur4derStudienführteneine
Ist-Analyse zur Bedarfsbestimmung von
BGF-Maßnahmendurch. 25 Studien führten
Ist-Analysen im Rahmen der Maßnahmen
durch, alle waren arbeitsschutzorientiert.Vier
Studien inkludierten in ihrer Erhebung zu
Beginn Teilaspektevon weichen Faktoren. In
12 Studienwurdenden evaluiertenInterven
tionen unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche
Theorien und Modelle zugrunde gelegt. Alle
Studien berichtetenmindestensfür einzelne
Untersuchungsparametervon positiven
Effekten.
Schlussfolgerung. Vor dem Hintergrund
des Strukturwandels der Wirtschaft und der
beständig zunehmenden Humanisierung
der Arbeit spielen wissenschaftsbasierte
Analyseinstrumentezur Bedarfsbestimmung
eine große Rolle. Zukünftige Analyseinstru
mentesolltenvon derWissenschaftkonzipiert
und erprobt werden und zusätzlich zur
Arbeitsschutzorientierung die immateriellen,
weichen Faktoren Kultur, Führung und
Beziehungsklima beinhalten. Trotz der
Empfehlungen, Maßnahmenauf Grundlage
von Theorien und Modellen zu konzipieren,
wurde dieses Potenzial von nur wenigen
wissenschaftlichevaluiertenStudien genutzt.
Die Wirksamkeitsbetrachtungzeigt, dass alle
Studien mindestensfür Teile Ihrer Evaluation
von positiven Effekten berichten. Dieses
Untersuchungsergebnisdes Reviewsweist auf
ein Publikationsbiashin
ABSTRACT Background: To determine the accuracy of patient self-reports of specific cardiovascular diagnoses and to identify individual patient characteristics that influence the accuracy. Methods: This investigation was conducted as a part of the randomized controlled ORBITAL study. Patients with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled in 1961 primary-care centers all over Germany. Self-reported questionnaire data of 7640 patients were compared with patients' case report forms (CRFs) and medical records on cardiovascular diseases, using k statistics and binomial logit models. Results: k values ranged from 0.89 for diabetes to 0.04 for angina. The percentage of overreporting varied from 1 percent for diabetes to 17 percent for angina, whereas the percentage of underreporting varied from 8.0 percent for myocardial infarction to 57 percent for heart failure. Individual characteristics such as choice of individual general practitioner, male gender and age were associated with the accuracy of self-report data. Conclusion: Since the agreement between patient self-report and CRFs/medical records varies with specific cardiovascular diagnoses in patients with hypercholesterolemia, the adequacy of this tool seems to be limited. However, the authors recommend additional data validation for certain patient groups and consideration of individual patient characteristics associated with over- and underreporting. Keywords agreement, cardiovascular disease, case report forms, general practitioner information, medical records, orbital study, overreporting, patient self-report, underreporting
Background
Common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) is an established risk marker for cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which are of high public health relevance. While a higher fruit intake is generally considered beneficial for cardiovascular health, recent studies have shown that a fruit intake of > 2 portions per day may be harmful. Therefore, we tested if there is an association between categories of fruit intake and mean ccIMT.
Methods
We conducted an exploratory, non-prespecified, cross-sectional analysis of baseline values of 167 mostly middle-aged participants of a controlled lifestyle intervention, recruited from the general population in rural northwest Germany (male: n = 58; female: n = 109). Fruit intake was classified into low (<1 portion of fruit/day), intermediate (1-2 portions of fruit/day), and high (>2 portions of fruit/day). Mean ccIMT was measured in accordance with the Mannheim consensus. Between-group differences in mean ccIMT were assessed with analysis of covariance.
Results
Mean age was 57.3 ± 0.7 years (mean ± SEM). Mean fruit intake was 1.6 ± 0.1 portions/day. Average mean ccIMT was 0.679 ± 0.010 mm. There was a significant difference in mean ccIMT between subjects with low (0.676 ± 0.020 mm; n = 50), intermediate (0.653 ± 0.014 mm; n = 72), and high fruit intake (0.724 ± 0.019 mm; n = 45; p = 0.016). But this difference was attenuated when adjusting for age, sex, and homocysteine (p = 0.418).
Conclusions
We found only a non-significant association between consuming >2 portions of fruit per day and ccIMT. Thus, our study could not confirm a negative effect of fruit intake on ccIMT. Age, sex, and homocysteine may confound this association.
Key messages
Current recommendations of 2 portions of fruit per day seem adequate and do not negatively influence carotid intima-media thickness.
Future studies should address confounding of the association between fruit intake and cardiovascular risk markers.
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries and worldwide. The concentrations of serum total and LDL cholesterol as well as a higher intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (ccIMT) are associated with higher CVD risk. Measuring ccIMT makes it possible to already assess the atherosclerotic process at the subclinical stage. Methods: A two-year nonrandomized, controlled intervention study with 6 times of measurement (baseline; at 10 weeks; at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months). Participants of the intervention group (n = 112) took part in a ten-week intensive lifestyle program (including bi-weekly group sessions, workshops, and personal health coaching at baseline and at 10 weeks), followed by a less intensive phase (monthly lifestyle education group sessions). The control group (n = 87) did not take part in any program. In both groups, CVD-related parameters were assessed, including cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL), ccIMT (not assessed at 10 weeks), as well as health behavior (questionnaires). In between group means were compared with ANOVA using IBM SPSS 24. Results: After 10 weeks, the intervention group showed a reduction in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol values compared to baseline (p < 0.01). In the control group, these parameters did not change. After 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference in ccIMT change between intervention and control. The 6-month blood results are not available
yet. Conclusion: Our lifestyle program led to clinically relevant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol. Continued follow-up will show whether the improvement of cholesterol levels will be maintained in the intervention group and whether ccIMT will differ between intervention and control.
Abstract This study extends previous research evaluating the association between the CHIP intervention, change in body weight, and change in psychological health. A randomized controlled health intervention study lasting 4 wk. was used with 348 participants from metropolitan Rockford, Illinois; ages ranged from 24 to 81 yr. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 wk., and 6 mo. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and three selected psychosocial measures from the SF-36 Health Survey were used. Significantly greater decreases in Body Mass Index (BMI) occurred after 6 wk. and 6 mo. follow-up for the intervention group compared with the control group, with greater decreases for participants in the overweight and obese categories. Significantly greater improvements were observed in BDI scores, role-emotional and social functioning, and mental health throughout follow-up for the intervention group. The greater the decrease in BMI through 6 wk., the better the chance of improved BDI score, role-emotional score, social functioning score, and mental health score, with odds ratios of 1.3 to 1.9. Similar results occurred through 6 mo., except the mental health variable became nonsignificant. These results indicate that the CHIP intervention significantly improved psychological health for at least six months afterwards, in part through its influence on lowering BMI.
Introduction: Moving towards a more plant-based dietary pattern would likely be beneficial in terms of a variety of sustainability dimensions.
Methodology: We conducted a 2-year intervention study with six measurement time points (baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 1½ years, 2 years) in rural northwest Germany. The intervention consisted of a lifestyle programme, and dietary recommendations were to move towards a healthy, plant-based diet. The control group received no intervention. Diet quality was assessed with the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI).
Results: In the intervention group (n = 67), the 2-year trajectory of hPDI was significantly higher compared to control (n = 39; p 0.001; between-group difference: 5.7 (95% CI 4.0, 7.3) food portions/day; adjusted for baseline). The 2-year trajectory of meat intake was significantly lower in the intervention group (n = 79) compared to control (n = 40; p 0.001; between-group difference: -0.7 (95% CI -0.9, -0.5) portions/day; adjusted for baseline).
Conclusion: Our study confirms that plant-based nutrition education in the general population is likely to result in at least modest dietary improvements in terms of general healthfulness and meat reduction.
Common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) progression is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), whereas healthy lifestyle habits are associated with lower ccIMT. The objective of the present study was to test whether a healthy lifestyle intervention can beneficially affect ccIMT progression. A community-based non-randomised, controlled lifestyle intervention was conducted, focusing on a predominantly plant-based diet (strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management and social health. Assessments of ccIMT were made at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Participants had an average age of 57 years and were recruited from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n 114; control: n 87). From baseline to 1 year, mean ccIMT significantly increased in both the intervention (0⋅026 [95 % CI 0⋅012, 0⋅039] mm) and control group (0⋅045 [95 % CI 0⋅033, 0⋅056] mm). The 1-year trajectory of mean ccIMT was lower in the intervention group (P = 0⋅022; adjusted for baseline). In a subgroup analysis with participants with high baseline mean ccIMT (≥0⋅800 mm), mean ccIMT non-significantly decreased in the intervention group (−0⋅016 [95 % CI −0⋅050, 0⋅017] mm; n 18) and significantly increased in the control group (0⋅065 [95 % CI 0⋅033, 0⋅096] mm; n 12). In the subgroup, the 1-year trajectory of mean ccIMT was significantly lower in the intervention group (between-group difference: −0⋅051 [95 % CI −0⋅075, −0⋅027] mm; P < 0⋅001; adjusted for baseline). The results indicate that healthy lifestyle changes may beneficially affect ccIMT within 1 year, particularly if baseline ccIMT is high.
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We evaluated changes in total costs, comprising direct and indirect costs, due to a 24-month non-randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention trial with six measurement time points aiming to improve the risk profile for NCDs. Overall, 187 individuals from the general population aged ≥18 years were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112), receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy, plant-based diet; physical activity; stress management; and community support, followed by a 22-month follow-up phase including monthly seminars, or a control group (CG; n = 75) without intervention. The complete data sets of 118 participants (IG: n = 79; CG: n = 39) were analyzed. At baseline, total costs per person amounted to 67.80 ± 69.17 EUR in the IG and 48.73 ± 54.41 EUR in the CG per week. The reduction in total costs was significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG after 10 weeks (p = 0.012) and 6 months (p = 0.004), whereas direct costs differed significantly after 10 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p = 0.041) and 12 months (p = 0.012) between the groups. The HLCP-2 was able to reduce health-related economic costs, primarily due to the reduction in direct costs.
Background
Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. The objective of the study was to test the effect of a healthy lifestyle intervention on biomarkers of inflammation (among other risk markers).
Methods
We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87). The intervention consisted of a 1-year lifestyle programme focusing on diet (largely plant-based; strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management, and social support. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Homocysteine (Hcy) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, and 1 year. Adiponectin (Apn) was assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. An exploratory analysis of these inflammatory markers assessing the between-group differences with ANCOVA was conducted.
Results
The 1-year trajectory of hs-CRP was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -0.8 (95% CI -1.2, -0.3) mg/l; p = 0.001; adjusted for baseline). The 1-year trajectory of Hcy was non-significantly higher in the intervention compared to control (between-group difference: 0.2 (95% CI -0.3, 0.7) µmol/l; p = 0.439; adjusted for baseline). From baseline to 10 weeks, Apn decreased significantly more in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -1.6 (95% CI -2.7, -0.5) µg/ml; p = 0.004; adjusted for baseline).
Conclusions
Our study shows that healthy lifestyle changes can lower hs-CRP and Apn levels and are unlikely to significantly affect Hcy levels within 1 year.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; reference: DRKS00018775, registered 12 Sept 2019; retrospectively registered; www.drks.de).