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- 2011 (22) (entfernen)
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- Abwasserbeseitigung (1)
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Fachbereich / Studiengang
- Bauingenieurwesen (BAU) (22) (entfernen)
Reservoir sedimentation, a serious problem affecting the majority of reservoirs worldwide, was not systematically accounted for in the past. After 50 years of operation, a constantly decreasing reservoir volume becomes currently a serious challenge for reservoir owners, against which countermeasures have to be developed. This research focuses on sediment routing using a bypass tunnel to convey sediments past a dam.
By transporting sediments into the tailwater past a dam, their accumulation in the reservoir is reduced significantly. However, the global number of sediment bypass tunnels is limited primarily due to high investment and maintenance cost. The main problem of all bypass tunnels is the massive invert abrasion due to high flow velocities combined with high sediment transport rates. Therefore, VAW started two research projects to counter this problem. The main goal of the first project Layout and design of sediment bypass tunnels is to investigate the invert abrasion process by conducting hydraulic laboratory tests and to establish general design criteria for optimal flow conditions in which both sediment depositions in the tunnel are avoided and the resulting abrasion damages are kept at a minimum. The second project Optimizing hydroabrasive-resistant materials at sediment bypass tunnels and hydraulic structures investigates the hydraulic resistance of different tunnel invert materials, such as high performance concrete or cast basalt plates in prototype tests at the Solis bypass tunnel. The sediment transport measurement technique used in this project was optimized during preliminary model tests.
Reservoir sedimentation is increasingly affecting the majority of reservoirs all over the world. As many dams are more than 50 years of age, this problem is becoming more and more seriou403s nowadays. Reservoir sedimentation leads to various severe problems such as a decisive decrease of the active reservoir volume leading to both loss of energy production and water available for water supply and irrigation. These problems will intensify in the very next future, because sediment supply tends to increase due to climate change. Therefore coun-termeasures have to be developed. They can be divided into the three main categories sediment yield reduction, sediment routing and sediment removal. This paper focuses on sediment routing by means of sediment bypass tunnels. Sediment bypass tunnels are an effective measure to stop or at least decrease the reservoir sedimentation process. By routing the sediments around the reservoir into the tailwater in case of flood events sediment accumulation of both bed load and suspended load is reduced significantly. However, the number of sediment bypass tunnels in the world is limited primarily due to high investment and above all maintenance costs. The state-of-the-art design criteria of constructing bypass tunnels are summarized herein; major problems such as tunnel invert abrasion are discussed. The need for further research regarding sediment transport in bypass tunnels and invert abrasion is highlighted.
Untersuchungen zur Wirkungsweise eines großen Retentionsbodenfilters am Beispiel des RBF Haarbach
(2011)
Eine besonders von Wassermangel betroffene Region ist das Bundesland Afar im Nordosten Äthiopiens. In diesem Gebiet befindet sich das Dorf Hidmo. Mittels Geldern aus der Entwicklungshilfe hat die äthiopische Regierung dort ein Schulgebäude errichten lassen, damit die Kinder aus der Umgebung der allgemeinen Schulpflicht nachkommen können. Es wurde aber vergessen, Geld für eine Wasser-und Sanitärversorgung einzuplanen, diese wäre notwendig, da die nächste Wasserstelle 500 m weit entfernt ist. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll auf Vorplanungsniveau untersucht werden, inwiefern es möglich ist, Niederschlagswasser zu speichern, welches den Schülern als Wasserquelle dient und welche Sanitärsysteme dafür in Frage kommen. Zum einen sollen diese das Ausbreiten von Krankheiten verhindern und zum anderen die knappe Ressource Wasser schonen. Zusätzlich soll versucht werden, Bewässerungswasser bereit zu stellen, zur Bewässerung eines schuleigenen Nutzgartens, der dazu dienen soll, die Kinder in sparsamen Bewässerungsmethoden zu schulen. Der Wasserspeicher soll nur Brauchwasser zum Händewaschen und zu Bewässerungszwecken liefern. Trinkwasser soll mittels einer Rohrleitung aus der vorhandenen, 500m von der Schule entfernten, Wasserquelle bezogen werden. Zur Auswahl sollen nur angepasste Technologien kommen, vorwiegend einfach gehalten, dem Prinzip der Kreislaufwirtschaft nahekommend.
Wohngebäudeerneuerung
(2011)
Umgang mit Regenwasser
(2011)