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A research study on 18 start-up hubs in Europe. Affiliation and Publisher: PricewaterhouseCoopers
(2019)
Despite their important role in our energy system, common wind turbines have some disadvantages. Mainly, those disadvantages are connected to the intermediate conversion of wind energy in rotational energy. The resulting effects include maintenance costs and social acceptance problems. There are different technological approaches, that convert wind energy to electrical energy without its conversion to kinetic energy. As one of those technologies, the electrostatic wind energy conversion is to be discussed in this article. For this discussion, the historical development of this technology is presented. There are three important projects which will be presented to explain the technology and its different technological approaches. Those projects are the WPG, the EWICON and the SWET. Furthermore the results of those different experimental projects are collected and analyzed. On the basis of this analysis it is discussed, whether or not the electrostatic wind energy conversion could be of importance in a future energy system. Therefore the technology is set in relation to modern wind turbines. Also, important factors that influence the efficiency and energy output of those systems are outlined for further research. Due to different technological approaches a suggestion is made for the most promising system setting.
Mit der steigenden Wichtigkeit von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten für die Konsumenten gewinnen in jüngster Zeit zunehmend Marketingkonzepte an Bedeutung, die an den Produktverkauf die Unterstützung karitativer Projekte koppeln. Krombacher zeigt Engagement für den Regenwald, Danone/Actimel für die Kinder in Afrika, Procter&Gamble/Wick für den Lebensraum der Eisbären. Projekte mit karitativem Hintergrund und werben mit dem guten Zweck sind im Trend. Doch wie werden solche Projekte und Marketingkampagnen von Seiten der Konsumenten bewertet? Wie glaubwürdig sind diese und haben sie ein positives Kampagnenprofil? Und existiert ein Wunsch von Seiten der Konsumenten nach mehr solcher karitativen Marketingkonzepten? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurde im Sommer/Herbst 2009 eine Befragung von 482 Konsumenten durchgeführt.
Assessment of noise mitigation measures during pile driving of larger offshore wind foundations
(2021)
Wind energy is an important source of electricity generation, but the construction of offshore wind foundations causes high underwater sound pressure, harming marine life. In this context limiting values for underwater noise emissions were set to protect the marine flora and fauna. Therefore, noise mitigation measures during pile driving are mandatory to comply with these limits. Current development in the wind industry lead to increasing wind turbine sizes, requiring a larger pile diameter, which leads to higher underwater noise emissions. As a result, the state of the art noise mitigation systems might not be sufficient and a combination of different technologies is necessary. This article focuses on the issue of noise mitigation during pile driving with respect to large pile sizes. First, the most tested and proven noise mitigation techniques (big bubble curtain, hydro sound damper, and IHC-noise mitigation system) are described, following an analysis of noise reduction measurements in applications at different offshore wind farm projects. In the end the suitability of current noise mitigation systems for large monopiles is evaluated, regarding their effectiveness and practicability.