Refine
Year
Publication Type
- Article (192) (remove)
Language
- German (131)
- English (44)
- Multiple languages (17)
Keywords
- Liner (5)
- liner (5)
- Vorverformungen (3)
- Wasserdruck (3)
- Asphalt (2)
- Bewässerung (2)
- Circular ring (2)
- Kreisring (2)
- Last-Verschiebungskurven (2)
- Ressourceneffizienz (2)
Faculty
- Bauingenieurwesen (BAU) (192) (remove)
Wastewater generation model to predict impacts of urine separation on wastewater treatment plants
(2024)
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are under increasing pressure to enhance resource efficiency and reduce emissions into water bodies. The separation of urine within the catchment area may be an alternative to mitigate the need for costly expansions of central WWTPs. While previous investigations assumed a spatially uniform implementation of urine separation across the catchment area, the present study focuses on an adapted stochastic wastewater generation model, which allows the simulation of various wastewater streams (e.g., urine) on a household level. This enables the non-uniform separation of urine across a catchment area. The model is part of a holistic modelling framework to determine the influence of targeted urine separation in catchments on the operation and emissions of central WWTPs, which will be briefly introduced. The wastewater generation model is validated through an extensive sampling and measurement series.
Results based on observed and simulated wastewater quantity and quality for a catchment area of 366 residents for two dry weather days indicate the suitability of the model for wastewater generation and transport modelling. Based on this, four scenarios for urine separation were defined. The results indicate a potential influence of spatial distribution on the peaks of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
Potential and risks of water reuse in Brandenburg (Germany) – an interdisciplinary case study
(2024)
For Brandenburg, a region in Germany with increasing water shortage and drought events, water reuse can counteract competition scenarios between drinking water supply, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use. Centralized and decentralized sources for reclaimed water are found to potentially substitute 245 or 28% of irrigation water, respectively, in agriculture production in Brandenburg. For such a reuse scenario, the
fate of organic micropollutants is examined for diatrizoate (DZA) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Retention in local sandy soil and transfer into roots and leaves of arugula are analyzed in lysimeter studies and greenhouse pot experiments. Vertical transport was found for DZA and accumulation in or on arugula roots with a root concentration factor of 1,925+34% but a low bioconcentration factor due to intrinsic molecule properties. CBZ was not found to be mobile in the sandy soil but accumulates in arugula roots and leaves by factors of 70+7% and 155+12%, respectively. Further research on potential plant uptake and groundwater enrichment for more substances is highly recommended as well as tertiary wastewater treatment prior to water reuse.
Die Rückführung von Prozesswasser aus der Faulschlammentwässerung kommunaler Kläranlagen führt insbesondere durch dessen hohe Ammoniumkonzentration zu einer stofflichen Rückbelastung der Abwasserbehandlung. Zur separaten Prozesswasserbehandlung wurde auf der Hauptkläranlage Münster eine großtechnische Membrankontaktorenanlage mit Vorbehandlung installiert. Es wurden Stickstoffentfernungsleistungen von durchschnittlich ca. 74 % erreicht. Betriebserfahrungen zeigen, dass neben pH-Wert, Temperatur und Volumenstrom insbesondere die Feststoffabscheidung durch die Vorbehandlung des Prozesswassers einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf den stabilen Betrieb der Membrankontaktorenanlage hat. Mit den Membrankontaktoren konnte aus dem Prozesswasser Stickstoff als Ammoniumsulfatlösung mit einem mittleren Stickstoffanteil von ca. 2,7 % N zurückgewonnen werden.
This report examines the strength of young and early age concrete that has been systematically exposed to horizontal, sinusoidal vibrations with varying vibration parameters. Specimens were subjected to vibrations of predefined vibration times (4–14 h) and the compressive strength was determined after a period of 28 days. It was found that the different parameters have no critical influence on compressive strength and that vibration prior to initial setting of the concrete can increase its strength. Additional information to examine the reasons for this increase was obtained by further investigations (nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis).
The construction sector is one of the largest consumers of raw materials and energy, as well as a producer of CO2 in the European Union. To reduce environmental pollution and to preserve raw materials and energy, resource-efficient building elements must be designed. Even if laws demand resource-efficient product design in the building sector, there is no independent evaluation system for the resource efficiency of building elements (e.g., walls, roofs, floors). Such an evaluation should take the whole life cycle into account. The measurement of reusability and recyclability is therefore necessary. This article, therefore, describes the development of an evaluation system for reusability and recyclability to be included in resource efficiency assessment. Existing approaches and the special requirements of the building sector are considered. Finally, a practical example shows that the developed system is suitable for the assessment of reusability and recyclability. It can be used for the comparison of different construction methods or for the comparison of specific designs or products; thus, the evaluation system is helpful for architects as well as for product designers.