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The Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Polyurethane Open-Cell Soft Foam Investigated Through Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry of Volatile Organic Compounds (2024)
Sandten, Christian ; Kreyenschmidt, Martin ; Albach, Rolf ; Fittschen, Ursula
Polyurethane (PUR) soft foams release malodorous and potentially toxic compounds when exposed to oxidative conditions. Current chamber test methods cannot distinguish between pre-existing volatiles and those formed during oxidation, nor can they assess the formation rates of oxidation products. We subjected PUR soft foam to oxidative treatment in a continuous air flow at 120 ◦C. Emissions were convectively transferred from the foam to an exhaust port and analyzed using a thermodesorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) system, with external calibration employed for the quantification of selected analytes. The study identified hydroperoxide formation and degradation as key mechanisms in the breakdown of the polyether soft segments. This process predominantly produces volatiles, such as carboxylic acids, formates, acetates, alpha-hydroxy-ketones, (unsaturated) aldehydes, substituted dioxolanes and dioxanes, glycols, and allyl ethers. Volatiles associated with the degradation of the hard segments include aniline, benzoxazole, 2-methylbenzoxazole, and benzaldehyde. This experimental setup enables reproducible qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatiles formed during the oxidative degradation of PUR soft foams, providing new insights into the segment-dependent chemical pathways of the polymer’s molecular breakdown.
VOC EMISSIONS FROM PARTICLE FILTERING HALF MASKS – METHODS, RISKS AND NEED FOR FURTHER ACTION (2021)
Kerkeling, Saskia ; Sandten, Christian ; Schupp, Thomas ; Kreyenschmidt, Martin
Investigations into volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from polymer fleeces used in particle filtering half masks were conducted and evaluated against the German hygienic guide value for total volatile organic com- pounds and the “Lowest Concentration of Interest” for construction products. All masks showed emission of Xy- lene. In 94 % of samples, up to 24 additional aromatic compounds were found. 17 % of samples showed terpenes, 53 % emitted aldehydes, 77 % exhibited caprolactam and 98 % released siloxanes. All masks exceeded the TVOC hygienic guidance value level 5 of 10 mg/m³. Emission levels were investigated for masks immediately after their packages were opened and for masks that were “vented” for two weeks. Further, the emissions were repeatedly measured to investigate the decrease of emissions. An exponential decline was observed and a fitting function was calculated. The influence of the two commonly gas chromatograph (GC) hyphenated detectors, mass spectrometer (MS) and flame ionization detector (FID) on the VOC quantification, as well as the influence of temperature on the emission of VOCs were investigated. A statistical analysis of emission value differences for Notified Bodies was conducted and CE 2163 and 2020-1XG proved to be outliers.
Meta-tuning and fast optimization of machine learning models for dynamic methane prediction in anaerobic digestion (2025)
Meola, Alberto ; Wolf, Klara ; Weinrich, Sören
On the Luminescent Properties of Eu3+ Doped La2Hf3(WO4)9 (2025)
Goldmann, J. ; Pier, T. ; Jüstel, T.
Thermal Deprotonation and Condensation of Melamine in the Presence of Indium(III)chloride (2024)
Bayat, E. ; Ströbele, M. ; Enseling, D. ; Jüstel, T. ; Meyer, H.-J.
Metal-Halide-Melem Adducts based on M6-, M9- and M12-Clusters (2024)
Ströbele, M. ; Enseling, D. ; Jüstel, T. ; Kroeker, S. ; Meyer, H.-J.
MnCl2(C6N10H6): Insights into a Luminescent Transition Metal-Melem Adduct (2024)
Bayat, E. ; Ströbele, M. ; Enseling, D. ; Jüstel, T. ; Meyer, H.-J.
Full-scale dynamic anaerobic digestion process simulation with machine and deep learning algorithms at intra-day resolution (2025)
Meola, Alberto ; Weinrich, Sören
Evaluation of pig farming residue as substrate for biomethane production via anaerobic digestion (2025)
Häner, Jurek ; Neradko, Alexej ; Weinrich, Sören ; Gausling, Marcel ; Krüp, Björn ; Wetter, Christof ; Nelles, Michael
Cationic Control on the Formation of Europium Carbodiimide Chlorides (2024)
Kysliak, O. ; Ströbele, M. ; Enseling, D. ; Jüstel, T. ; Meyer, H.-J.
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