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The upscaling of wind turbines has been increasing in
recent years and will continue to play a significant role
in the future, as it allows for the reduction of electricity
generation costs. Various challenges arise when it
comes to upscaling. This article summarizes the technical
challenges associated with upscaling wind turbines
and presenting their problem-solving approaches
and research trends based on other reviews. It was
found that the most frequently cited challenges are
related to individual components, such as rotor blades,
drive train, generator, tower, and noise impact.
For rotor blades, the challenges are increased flexibility,
more aeroelastic vibrations, increased wear,
interferences with radar and transportation difficulties.
Proposed solutions include the use of carbon-fiber
blades, prebending, novel paints, and for transportation,
segmented rotor blades and on-site manufacturing.
In the gearbox, torque increases, leading to
higher weight and susceptibility to errors. As a result,
the trend is moving towards gearless systems with
permanent magnet synchronous generators. Transportation
is the major issue with towers, which can
be resolved with on-site manufacturing. In terms of
noise emission, reducing aerodynamic noise plays the
most significant role.
This paper outlines the three main areas relevant
to dismantling: the rotor blades, hub and nacelle,
the tower and the foundation. The paper discusses
the dismantling procedures, including the removal of
the top structure, the tower and the foundation, and
evaluates various methods of dismantling the tower,
such as modular dismantling, collapse blasting, folding
blasting, wrecking ball demolition and hydraulic
ram demolition. The assessment of these methods
in practice and the potential challenges and considerations
for future dismantling, particularly as wind
turbine heights increase, are also addressed.
This review paper provides an initial overview of the
state of the art of common corrosion protection methods
for offshore wind turbines. The functions of the
individual corrosion protection methods and their
interaction are explained. In addition, the specific corrosion
protection of different zones and components
of an offshore wind turbine will be discussed. Finally,
some information is given on current and possible
future developments in this subject area.
The pursuit of Offshore Wind Energy (OWE), integral
to the German government’s ambitious renewable
energy goals raises concerns about the environmental
impact of noise emissions on marine life. This paper
delves into the theoretical background of Offshore
Wind Turbine (OWT) noise, exploring its various
phases from the survey to decommission. It examines
the types and causes of noise emissions, their effects
on marine wildlife and potential mitigation measures.
Highlighting the regulatory framework in Germany,
the paper emphasises the need for nuanced approaches
to balance renewable energy objectives with marine
ecosystem preservation.
This article analyses the impact of robotics on the
operation and maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind
turbines (OWTs), with a particular emphasis on the
challenges and benefits. As the world’s reliance on
renewable energy, particularly offshore wind, increases
to reduce climate change, the growing number of
OWTs requires effective O&M. Challenges consist
of logistics, accessibility and high costs. The paper
presents the application of climbing robots, unmanned
aerial vehicles and underwater robots to overcome
these challenges.
The combination of multiple robotic platforms, such
as autonomous surface vehicles and autonomous underwater
vehicles, represents a collaborative approach
to O&M. Obstacles include the need for accurate navigation,
building trust between humans and robots,
and research into artificial intelligence.
In conclusion, the integration of robotics in O&M
presents considerable advantages, increasing efficiency,
safety and cost-effectiveness. Further progress and
research into artificial intelligence are crucial in achieving
complete automation, which will transform the
O&M of OWTs.
The construction and operation of hydropower plants
for energy generation is a major issue in sustainable
energy production. Nevertheless, hydropower plants
have a negative impact on fish populations. It is crucial
to understand the causes and consequences of fish
mortality in hydropower plants in order to find sustainable
solutions that reconcile the need for energy
with the conservation of aquatic ecosystems. This
article examines the fish protection measures that can
be implemented to reduce fish mortality and maintain
ecological balance. Based on the main literature reviewed,
this article mainly refers to Germany in terms
of studies carried out and hydropower plants.
This document presents a comparative analysis of
horizontal and vertical small wind turbines for urban
areas in three power classes up to 10 kW in different
categories. The main objective was to conduct a market
analysis to assess the marketability of these wind
energy systems. The aim was to make it easier for
potential customers to make a decision. However, due
to the limited availability of data, the project encountered
considerable difficulties. As a result, the study
became a comparative assessment, which led to results
that may not be readily transferable to urban environments,
slightly missing the original objective of the
study. The results underline the difficulties associated
with conducting a comprehensive market analysis in
this sector and highlight the need for an independent
series of tests under specific conditions. The paper
concludes with a plea for future research efforts to
adapt data collection methods to urban conditions in
order to improve the relevance and applicability of
such studies in practice.
The annual wastewater flow that is treated by public
wastewater treatment plants in Germany amounts
to approx. 10 ∗ 10^9 m3/a and forms an ”artificial” hydropower
potential that can be used for energy generation
or recovery. In the context of this paper, energy
recovery in the outlet of wastewater treatment plants
is examined using the specific example of the water
wheel at the Warendorf central wastewater treatment
plant. The ”artificial” hydropower potential can be
roughly estimated at up to 20 to 105 GWh/a , whereby
this is largely dependent on the hydraulic gradient.
The strong variance results, among other things, from
the findings of the water wheel operation in Warendorf.
The decisive aspect here is the differential factor,
which describes the deviation between the theoretical
and actual energy yield of the water wheel. The
factor includes maintenance work, downtimes and insufficient
inflows, which are associated with a loss of
output. In the case study, the annual energy recovery
amounts to approx. 2 % of the annual electricity consumption
of the wastewater treatment plant and can
be estimated to 23,500 kWh (2022). In the context
of the economic analysis, it can be seen that despite
the ”low” yield, economic operation is possible if the
system is viewed as a long-term investment - payback
period of the example is approx. 14,5 years. The
27-year operation (1996 - 2023) of the water wheel
at the Warendorf central wastewater treatment plant
confirms this and important findings on successful
practical operation can be shown in the context of
this paper.
The preservation of water bodies continuity is fundamental
for aquatic communities, particularly for fish
populations. Various structures impede watercourse
continuity, impacting fish migration and habitat distribution.
Conventional fish passages often fall short
in diverse scenarios, prompting the development of
specialized solutions. This article proposes a criteria
catalog for these special fish passage solutions based
on DWA leaflet DWA-A 509. It discusses the need
for these solutions, presents a selection of specialized
options, and outlines criteria from DWA-M 509, construction
guidelines, and economic perspectives. It
scrutinizes criteria ranging from target fish species to
cost considerations. Three examples, including the
Runserau fish lift, the bristle ramp fish lock, and the
Fishcon sluice, illustrate these specialized solutions,
their functionalities, advantages, and drawbacks. Additionally,
the article compiles criteria from industry
standards and guidelines into a comprehensive evaluation
catalog. The criteria, when applied, assist in the
selection of suitable fish passage solutions based on
specific site conditions and fish species requirements.
This holistic approach aims to optimize fishway selection,
fostering the ecological sustainability of watercourses.
However, this catalog remains dynamic
and open to expansion with evolving research and
practical application, urging further exploration and
validation of these criteria through diverse case studies
and technological advancements in the field.
Wind turbine structures take a major role in the
modern conversion to renewable energy sources and
contribute to the creation of a greener world. In recent
years, the development and installation of wind
turbines have seen rapid growth. However, with the
increasing capacity and size of wind farms worldwide,
there are growing concerns about the safety and reliability
of these installations. Therefore, structural
health monitoring and the detection of damage to
wind turbines have gained considerable importance in
research. Wind turbine blades are particularly susceptible
to various types of damage due to environmental
influences. This article provides an overview of signal
responses, sensors used and non-destructive testing
techniques in the field of damage detection on wind
turbine blades. The intention of the article is to give
an insight into the possibilities of structural health
monitoring and at the same time to point out unsolved
problems in this field.
This article discusses the use of artificial intelligence
in the wind energy industry, particularly in addressing
challenges and optimizing the expansion of renewable
energies in Germany. It highlights the application
of artificial intelligence in wind forecasts and yield
predictions, bird detection, wind turbine and farm
design, condition monitoring, and predictive maintenance.
Additionally, it introduces the “WindGISKI”
research project, which aims to use artificial intelligence
to identify new areas for wind turbines. The
project utilizes a neural network to analyze and predict
flight routes, potentially reducing bird mortality.
The document also emphasizes the potential broader
applications of “WindGISKI” in other fields of activity,
such as land use planning and city development.
Overall, it underscores the significant role of artificial
intelligence in addressing challenges in wind energy
and outlines the potential for artificial intelligence
to drive the expansion of renewable energies while
addressing key obstacles.
Meanwhile, renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar and wind energy and biomass are increasingly being used to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and thus counteract the ongoing global warming. However, these are also associated with environmental impacts. To that effect, this article takes a closer look at tidal power plants, which are classified as hydroelectric power plants, by conducting a systematic literature review. The results show that the strength and form of the environmental impact depends on the specific location and type of plant. Tidal power plants have an impact on the habitats of marine animals and thus influence their behavior and population. In addition, the operation of tidal power plants changes the sediment distribution, causes a reduction in current velocities and a change in current direction in the surrounding area and leads to a change in wave height. The construction of the power plants is associated with noise, which primarily causes changes in the behavior of some species. Furthermore, the electromagnetic fields generated can also affect marine life. In order to assess the environmental impact of tidal power plants in comparison to other renewable energies, further studies should focus on the environmental impact of the different technologies in relation to the energy yield.
Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nano or microcrystals is a promising technology for sensitive, integrated magnetic-field sensors. Currently, this technology is still cost-intensive and mainly found in research. Here we propose one of the smallest fully integrated quantum sensors to date based on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond microcrystals. It is an extremely cost-effective device that integrates a pump light source, photodiode, microwave antenna, filtering and fluorescence detection. Thus, the sensor offers an all-electric interface without the need to adjust or connect optical components. A sensitivity of 28.32nT/Hz−−−√ and a theoretical shot noise limited sensitivity of 2.87 nT/Hz−−−√ is reached. Since only generally available parts were used, the sensor can be easily produced in a small series. The form factor of (6.9 × 3.9 × 15.9) mm3 combined with the integration level is the smallest fully integrated NV-based sensor proposed so far. With a power consumption of around 0.1W, this sensor becomes interesting for a wide range of stationary and handheld systems. This development paves the way for the wide usage of quantum magnetometers in non-laboratory environments and technical applications.
This study identifies supply options for sustainable urban energy systems, which are robust to external system changes. A multi-criteria optimization model is used to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and financial costs of a reference system. Sensitivity analyses examine the impact of changing boundary conditions related to GHG emissions, energy prices, energy demands, and population density. Options that align with both financial and emission reduction and are robust to system changes are called “no-regret” options. Options sensitive to system changes are labeled as “potential-risk” options.
There is a conflict between minimizing GHG emissions and financial costs. In the reference case, the emission-optimized scenario enables a reduction of GHG emissions (-93%), but involves higher costs (+160%) compared to the financially-optimized scenario.
No-regret options include photovoltaic systems, decentralized heat pumps, thermal storages, electricity exchange between sub-systems and with higher-level systems, and reducing energy demands through building insulation, behavioral changes, or the decrease of living space per inhabitant. Potential-risk options include solar thermal systems, natural gas technologies, high-capacity battery storages, and hydrogen for building energy supply.
When energy prices rise, financially-optimized systems approach the least-emission system design. The maximum profitability of natural gas technologies was already reached before the 2022 European energy crisis.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between technology orientations and export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research design was adopted for this study. The paper formulates hypotheses from the literature review. These hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling with data collected from 231 SMEs in Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS.
Findings
The findings of this study showed technology orientation has a positive and significant relationship with the performance of Ugandan SMEs and that supply chain agility moderates technology orientation and export performance.
Research limitations/implications
The study discusses the findings, advances limitations and managerial implications. It also suggests future research avenues. It proposes some recommendations to help Ugandan SMEs to form flexible supply chains, use the latest technology and create strong relationship ties with their partners in the supply chain.
Practical implications
The study suggests that managers of Ugandan SMEs should use the latest technology in production, marketing, logistics and supply chain management which will enable them to respond quickly to customer tastes and preferences leading to higher levels of export performance.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on strategic management showing the reliability of scales used and the confirmatory of the factor structure. This study shows that in strategic management technology, orientation is critical in increasing export performance. This study has extended the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theories.
From Surviving to Living (on): A Grounded Theory Study on Coping in People with Pancreatic Cancer
(2023)
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We evaluated changes in total costs, comprising direct and indirect costs, due to a 24-month non-randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention trial with six measurement time points aiming to improve the risk profile for NCDs. Overall, 187 individuals from the general population aged ≥18 years were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112), receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy, plant-based diet; physical activity; stress management; and community support, followed by a 22-month follow-up phase including monthly seminars, or a control group (CG; n = 75) without intervention. The complete data sets of 118 participants (IG: n = 79; CG: n = 39) were analyzed. At baseline, total costs per person amounted to 67.80 ± 69.17 EUR in the IG and 48.73 ± 54.41 EUR in the CG per week. The reduction in total costs was significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG after 10 weeks (p = 0.012) and 6 months (p = 0.004), whereas direct costs differed significantly after 10 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p = 0.041) and 12 months (p = 0.012) between the groups. The HLCP-2 was able to reduce health-related economic costs, primarily due to the reduction in direct costs.
A communication over an Internet Protocol (IP) based network fails if an endpoint sends packets that are too big to reach their destination and if the sender is unable to detect that. The node on the path that drops these packets should respond with a Packet Too Big (PTB) message. However, multiple scenarios exist in which the sender will not receive a PTB message. Even if it does, it refrains from using the information in case it suspects that a potential attacker forged the message. In particular, we are not aware of any implementation of the secure transport protocol QUIC (e.g., used by HTTP/3) that processes PTB messages. In this paper, we present a novel parameterizable PTB detection algorithm for reliable transport protocols that does not depend on PTB messages. We further describe how to integrate our algorithm into QUIC, present results from an evaluation using the algorithm within a QUIC simulation model and, based on these results, suggest concrete parameter values.
The use of computational modeling and simulation (CMS) as a tool for gaining insight into the technical performance and safety of medical devices has emerged continuously over the past years. However, to rely on information and decisions derived from model predictions, it is essential to establish model credibility for the specific context of use. Limited regulatory requirements and lack of consensus on the level of verification and validation activities required result in rare use of CMS as a source of evidence in the medical device approval process. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) developed a risk-informed framework to establish appropriate credibility requirements of a computational model: the ASME V&V 40?2018 standard. This paper aims to outline the concepts of this standard and to demonstrate its application using an example from the orthotics field. The necessary steps to establish model credibility for a custom?made 3D printed wrist hand orthosis (WHO) are presented. It is shown that the credibility requirements of each verification and validation activity depend on model risk by applying two different contexts of use to the same computational model.
Objectives: In recent years, the European Union has revised its regulatory framework for medical devices, primarily to improve patient safety and public health. The Medical Device Regulation (MDR) is fully applicable since May 2021, strengthening the requirements for all stakeholders. As a result, many companies are facing enormous challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the MDR on the orthopaedic aids industry.
Methods: Two surveys were conducted: one shortly before the MDR became applicable (146 respondents) and a second survey almost two years later (233 respondents).
Results: Both surveys revealed that all businesses in the orthopaedic aids sector, regardless of size, have difficulty implementing the MDR. Key challenges include additional workload for technical documentation, increased resource expenditure and cost, and lack of clarity regarding the new requirements. Many companies are downsizing their product portfolio, resulting in potential supply shortages and a loss of competitive advantage and innovation for the medical device industry in Europe.
Conclusions: The full extent of the MDR’s impact on clinical practice is still unclear. However, many companies lack the necessary resources. The MDR can potentially be a bottleneck in the availability of medical devices.
IntroductionAssessment of challenging behaviors in dementia is important for intervention selection. Here, we describe the technical and experimental setup and the feasibility of long-term multidimensional behavior assessment of people with dementia living in nursing homes.MethodsWe conducted 4 weeks of multimodal sensor assessment together with real-time observation of 17 residents with moderate to very severe dementia in two nursing care units. Nursing staff received extensive training on device handling and measurement procedures. Behavior of a subsample of eight participants was further recorded by videotaping during 4 weeks during day hours. Sensors were mounted on the participants' wrist and ankle and measured motion, rotation, as well as surrounding loudness level, light level, and air pressure.ResultsParticipants were in moderate to severe stages of dementia. Almost 100% of participants exhibited relevant levels of challenging behaviors. Automated quality control detected 155 potential issues. But only 11% of the recordings have been influenced by noncompliance of the participants. Qualitative debriefing of staff members suggested that implementation of the technology and observation platform in the routine procedures of the nursing home units was feasible and identified a range of user- and hardware-related implementation and handling challenges.DiscussionOur results indicate that high-quality behavior data from real-world environments can be made available for the development of intelligent assistive systems and that the problem of noncompliance seems to be manageable. Currently, we train machine-learning algorithms to detect episodes of challenging behaviors in the recorded sensor data.
Despite the enormous number of assistive technologies (ATs) in dementia care, the management of challenging behavior (CB) of persons with dementia (PwD) by informal caregivers in home care is widely disregarded. The first-line strategy to manage CB is to support the understanding of the underlying causes of CB to formulate individualized nonpharmacological interventions. App- and sensor-based approaches combining multimodal sensors (actimetry and other modalities) and caregiver information are innovative ways to support the understanding of CB for family caregivers. The main aim of this study is to describe the design of a feasibility study consisting of an outcome and a process evaluation of a newly developed app- and sensor-based intervention to manage CB of PwD for family caregivers at home. In this feasibility study, we perform an outcome and a process evaluation with a pre-post descriptive design over an 8-week intervention period. The Medical Research Council framework guides the design of this feasibility study. The data on 20 dyads (primary caregiver and PwD) are gathered through standardized questionnaires, protocols, and log files as well as semistructured qualitative interviews. The outcome measures (neuropsychiatric inventory and Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory) are analyzed by using descriptive statistics and statistical tests relevant to the individual assessments (eg, chi-square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test). For the analysis of the process data, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology is used. Log files are analyzed by using descriptive statistics, protocols are analyzed by using documentary analysis, and semistructured interviews are analyzed deductively using content analysis. The newly developed app- and sensor-based AT has been developed and was evaluated until July in 2018. The recruitment of dyads started in September 2017 and was concluded in March 2018. The data collection was completed at the end of July 2018. This study presents the protocol of the first feasibility study to encompass an outcome and process evaluation to assess a complex app- and sensor-based AT combining multimodal actimetry sensors for informal caregivers to manage CB. The feasibility study will provide in-depth information about the study procedure and on how to optimize the design of the intervention and its delivery. DERR1-10.2196/11630
Background: Currently, to the best of our knowledge, no findings exist concerning the needs of professionals in specialized pediatric palliative care (PPC) regarding electronic health records (EHRs). Several studies have highlighted benefits concerning the use of EHRs in pediatrics. However, usability is strongly affected by the degree of adaptivity to the context of application. The aim of this study is to examine the needs of professionals concerning an EHR in the specialized PPC inpatient and outpatient settings. Methods: A qualitative research design was chosen to address the complex aspects of user demands. Focus group interviews and semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with PPC professionals. N = 23 participants from inpatient and N = 11 participants from outpatient settings of specialized PPC representing various professions took part in the study. Results: The findings could be grouped into four categories: (1) attitude towards the current methods of documentation, (2) attitude towards electronic documentation in general, (3) general requirements for an EHR, and (4) content requirements for an EHR. Conclusions: Professionals in specialized PPC expect and experience many benefits of using electronic documentation. Their requirements for an EHR for inpatient and outpatient settings of PPC are largely consistent with EHRs for pediatrics. However, individual specifications and adaptations are necessary for this particular setting.
Background: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is characterized by years of multisectoral and multi-professional care. Sharing information between PPC professionals is, therefore, essential for quality care. The evidence shows that electronic cross-facility health records (ECHRs) provide useful support in this context. To our knowledge, no ECHRs have been developed through a user-centered approach for this specific setting in Germany. Methods: Guided by design thinking, first, qualitative interviews were conducted to assess the needs of PPC professionals. Second, the elicited needs were specified in focus groups (FGs). Based on the needs stated in the interviews, prototypes of the ECHR were developed and discussed in the FGs. The indicated needs were supplemented and specified in an iterative process. The prototypes were further adapted according to these results. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology was the basic model in the evaluation of needs. Results: Across seven main categories, past and current medication, emergency view, and messaging functions were identified as the participants’ desired core components of an ECHR. Utilizing design thinking facilitated the explicit articulation of user needs. Conclusions: Developing an ECHR with the content identified would allow for real-time data during emergencies, tracking what other PPC professionals have done, and making the applied treatments visible to others. This would offer a broader picture of the complex conditions common to PPC.
Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) offer a promising approach to mapping and documenting the complex information gathered in paediatric palliative care (PPC). However, if they are not well developed, poorly implemented EMRs have unintended consequences that may cause harm to patients. One approach to preventing such harm is the involvement of users in the participatory design to ensure user acceptance and patient safety. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the acceptance of a novel patient chart module (PCM) as part of an EMR from the perspective of potential users in PPC and to involve these professionals in the design process. Methods: A qualitative observational study with N = 16 PPC professionals (n = 10 nurses, n = 6 physicians) was conducted, including concurrent think aloud (CTA) and semi-structured interviews. A structured content analysis based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology was applied. Results: The results can be summarized in terms of general observations, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions, all of which are likely to have a positive influence on acceptance of the PCM from the user perspective in the context of PPC. Conclusions: The involvement of users in the development of EMRs is important for meeting the requirements in PPC. Further software adaptations are necessary to implement these requirements.
Background: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) patients experience years of multisectoral and professional care. An electronic cross-facility health record (ECHR) system can support the immediate exchange of information among PPC professionals. Based on a needs assessment, a prototype ECHR system was developed. Methods: To evaluate potential users’ perspective regarding the system, a qualitative observational study was conducted consisting of a concurrent think-aloud session and a semi-structured qualitative interview. Results: Twenty PPC professionals (nurses, physicians) from specialized outpatient PPC teams, a PPC unit, and medical offices rated the ECHR system as a helpful tool to improve the exchange and collection of information, communication between PPC professionals, and treatment planning. From the user’s point of view, the basic logic of the ECHR system should be further adapted to improve the interaction of data remirrored from patient records of outpatient and inpatient care with those entered via the system. The users wished for further functions (text search) and content (information on therapies). Some content, such as the treatment process, needs to be further adapted. Conclusion: The developed ECHR system needs to be more specific in some features by offering all available information; while for other features, be less specific to offer a quick overview. The ability to share information promptly and automatically was seen as a tremendous improvement to the quality of care for PPC patients.
Adhärenz digitaler Interventionen im Gesundheitswesen: Definitionen, Methoden und offene Fragen
(2021)
AbstractMany digital interventions rely on the participation of their users to have a positive impact. In various areas it can be observed that the use of digital interventions is often reduced or fully discontinued by the users after a short period of time. This is seen as one of the main factors that can limit the effectiveness of digital interventions. In this context, the concept of adherence to digital interventions is becoming increasingly important. Adherence to digital interventions is roughly defined as “the degree to which the user followed the program as it was designed,” which can also be paraphrased as “intended use” or “use as it is designed.” However, both the theoretical–conceptual and practical discussions regarding adherence to digital interventions still receive too little attention.The aim of this narrative review article is to shed more light on the concept of adherence to digital interventions and to distinguish it from related concepts. It also discusses the methods and metrics that can be used to operationalize adherence and the predictors that positively influence adherence. Finally, needs for action to better address adherence are considered critically.
Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) play a key role in improving documentation and quality of care in paediatric palliative care (PPC). Inadequate EMR design can cause incorrect prescription and administration of medications. Due to the fact of complex diseases and the resulting high level of medical complexity, patients in PPC are vulnerable to medication errors. Consequently, involving users in the development process is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of a medication module from the perspective of potential users in PPC and to involve them in the development process. Methods: A qualitative observational study was conducted with 10 nurses and four physicians using a concurrent think-aloud protocol and semi-structured qualitative interviews. A qualitative content analysis was applied based on a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Results: Requirements from the user’s perspective could be identified as possible influences on acceptance and actual use. Requirements were grouped into the categories “performance expectancies” and “effort expectancies”. Conclusions: The results serve as a basis for further development. Attention should be given to the reduction of display fragmentation, as it decreases cognitive load. Further approaches to evaluation should be taken.
Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) play a key role in improving documentation and quality of care in paediatric palliative care (PPC). Inadequate EMR design can cause incorrect prescription and administration of medications. Due to the fact of complex diseases and the resulting high level of medical complexity, patients in PPC are vulnerable to medication errors. Consequently, involving users in the development process is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of a medication module from the perspective of potential users in PPC and to involve them in the development process. Methods: A qualitative observational study was conducted with 10 nurses and four physicians using a concurrent think-aloud protocol and semi-structured qualitative interviews. A qualitative content analysis was applied based on a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Results: Requirements from the user’s perspective could be identified as possible influences on acceptance and actual use. Requirements were grouped into the categories “performance expectancies” and “effort expectancies”. Conclusions: The results serve as a basis for further development. Attention should be given to the reduction of display fragmentation, as it decreases cognitive load. Further approaches to evaluation should be taken.
Background: Paediatric palliative care (PPC) is a noncurative approach to the care of children and adolescents with life-limiting and life-threatening illnesses. Electronic medical records (EMRs) play an important role in documenting such complex processes. Despite their benefits, they can introduce unintended consequences if future users are not involved in their development. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of a novel module for nursing documentation by nurses working in the context of PPC. Methods: An observational study employing concurrent think-aloud and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 nurses working in PPC. Based on the main determinants of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The main determinants of UTAUT were found to potentially influence acceptance of the novel module. Participants perceived the module to be self-explanatory and intuitive. Some adaptations, such as the reduction of fragmentation in the display, the optimization of confusing mouseover fields, and the use of familiar nursing terminology, are reasonable ways of increasing software adoption. Conclusions: After adaptation of the modules based on the results, further evaluation with the participation of future users is required.
Approaches to Improvement of Digital Health Literacy (eHL) in the Context of Person-Centered Care
(2022)
The skills, knowledge and resources to search for, find, understand, evaluate and apply health information is defined as health literacy (HL). If individuals want to use health information from the Internet, they need Digital Health Literacy (eHL), which in addition to HL also includes, for example, media literacy. If information cannot be found or understood by patients due to low (e)HL, patients will not have the opportunity to make informed decisions. In addition, many health apps for self-management or prevention also require (e)HL. Thus, it follows that active participation in healthcare, in terms of Person-Centered Care (PCC) is only possible through (e)HL. Currently, there is a great need to strengthen these competencies in society to achieve increased empowerment of patients and their health. However, at the same time, there is a need to train and improve competencies in the field of healthcare professionals so that they can counsel and guide patients. This article provides an overview with a focus on HL and eHL in healthcare, shows the opportunities to adapt services and describes the possible handling of patients with low (e)HL. In addition, the opportunities for patients and healthcare professionals to improve (e)HL are highlighted.
In einer Ära technologischer Fortschritte, sich wandelnder Werte und neuer Arbeitsplatzdynamiken hat sich das Konzept „New Work“ als Zukunftsperspektive etabliert. Es geht dabei um mehr als Technologie – vielmehr um tiefgreifende Arbeitsstrukturveränderungen, die Autonomie und Eigenverantwortung betonen.
Das Thema "New Work" hat sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Praxis in den letzten Jahren an großer Bedeutung gewonnen. Aus dem gemeinsamen Bewusstsein für die Relevanz dieses Themas ist diese kollaborative Studie zwischen dem Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre der FH Münster und der noventum consulting GmbH mit Beteiligung von 100 Mitarbeitenden in Münsterländer Unternehmen entstanden. Sie erfasst den aktuellen Stand von New Work im Münsterland und findet Antworten zu drängenden New Work Fragen. Die Ergebnisse sind sowohl aufschlussreich als auch nachdenklich stimmend. Trotz der Begeisterung an neuen Arbeitsparadigmen herrscht im Münsterland eine gewisse Unklarheit über „New Work“. Ein einheitliches Verständnis fehlt, was das volle Potenzial hemmt. Die Studie zeigt die Komplexität und fördert Verständnis jenseits der Terminologie. Sie verdeutlicht Chancen und Herausforderungen für Unternehmen im Münsterland im Kontext von New Work. Die Region könnte Vorreiter sein, doch Erfolg erfordert gemeinsame Anstrengung und Offenheit für neue Arbeitsstrukturen.
Learning digital competencies can be successful if the information is also tried out immediately using interactive elements. However, interactive teaching poses a particular challenge, especially in large group formats. Various strategies are used to promote interaction, but there is little known about the results. This article shows different strategies and evaluates their influence on the interaction rate in a large group course over two terms that teaches digital medicine. Log files and participation in surveys as well as participation in chat were quantitatively evaluated. In addition, the chat messages themselves were evaluated qualitatively. For the evaluation, relation to the total number of participants was particularly relevant in order to be able to determine an interaction rate in the individual course sessions. A maximum average interaction rate of 90.97% could be determined over the entire term while the participants wrote an average of 3.96 comments during a session in the chat. In summary, this research could show that interactive elements should be well planned and used at regular intervals in order to reap the benefits.
BACKGROUND Interest in digital technologies in the health care sector is growing and can be a way to reduce the burden on professional caregivers while helping people to become more independent. Social robots are regarded as a special form of technology that can be usefully applied in professional caregiving with the potential to focus on interpersonal contact. While implementation is progressing slowly, a debate on the concepts and applications of social robots in future care is necessary. OBJECTIVE In addition to existing studies with a focus on societal attitudes toward social robots, there is a need to understand the views of professional caregivers and patients. This study used desired future scenarios to collate the perspectives of experts and analyze the significance for developing the place of social robots in care. METHODS In February 2020, an expert workshop was held with 88 participants (health professionals and educators; [PhD] students of medicine, health care, professional care, and technology; patient advocates; software developers; government representatives; and research fellows) from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Using the scenario methodology, the possibilities of analog professional care (Analog Care), fully robotic professional care (Robotic Care), teams of robots and professional caregivers (Deep Care), and professional caregivers supported by robots (Smart Care) were discussed. The scenarios were used as a stimulus for the development of ideas about future professional caregiving. The discussion was evaluated using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The majority of the experts were in favor of care in which people are supported by technology (Deep Care) and developed similar scenarios with a focus on dignity-centeredness. The discussions then focused on the steps necessary for its implementation, highlighting a strong need for the development of eHealth competence in society, a change in the training of professional caregivers, and cross-sectoral concepts. The experts also saw user acceptance as crucial to the use of robotics. This involves the acceptance of both professional caregivers and care recipients. CONCLUSIONS The literature review and subsequent workshop revealed how decision-making about the value of social robots depends on personal characteristics related to experience and values. There is therefore a strong need to recognize individual perspectives of care before social robots become an integrated part of care in the future.
BACKGROUND Despite the enormous number of assistive technologies (ATs) in dementia care, the management of challenging behavior (CB) of persons with dementia (PwD) by informal caregivers in home care is widely disregarded. The first-line strategy to manage CB is to support the understanding of the underlying causes of CB to formulate individualized nonpharmacological interventions. App- and sensor-based approaches combining multimodal sensors (actimetry and other modalities) and caregiver information are innovative ways to support the understanding of CB for family caregivers. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study is to describe the design of a feasibility study consisting of an outcome and a process evaluation of a newly developed app- and sensor-based intervention to manage CB of PwD for family caregivers at home. METHODS In this feasibility study, we perform an outcome and a process evaluation with a pre-post descriptive design over an 8-week intervention period. The Medical Research Council framework guides the design of this feasibility study. The data on 20 dyads (primary caregiver and PwD) are gathered through standardized questionnaires, protocols, and log files as well as semistructured qualitative interviews. The outcome measures (neuropsychiatric inventory and Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory) are analyzed by using descriptive statistics and statistical tests relevant to the individual assessments (eg, chi-square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test). For the analysis of the process data, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology is used. Log files are analyzed by using descriptive statistics, protocols are analyzed by using documentary analysis, and semistructured interviews are analyzed deductively using content analysis. RESULTS The newly developed app- and sensor-based AT has been developed and was evaluated until July in 2018. The recruitment of dyads started in September 2017 and was concluded in March 2018. The data collection was completed at the end of July 2018. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the protocol of the first feasibility study to encompass an outcome and process evaluation to assess a complex app- and sensor-based AT combining multimodal actimetry sensors for informal caregivers to manage CB. The feasibility study will provide in-depth information about the study procedure and on how to optimize the design of the intervention and its delivery. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/11630
Involving Health Care Professionals in the Development of Electronic Health Records: Scoping Review
(2023)
Electronic health records (EHRs) are a promising approach to document and map (complex) health information gathered in health care worldwide. However, possible unintended consequences during use, which can occur owing to low usability or the lack of adaption to existing workflows (eg, high cognitive load), may pose a challenge. To prevent this, the involvement of users in the development of EHRs is crucial and growing. Overall, involvement is designed to be very multifaceted, for example, in terms of the timing, frequency, or even methods used to capture user preferences. Setting, users and their needs, and the context and practice of health care must be considered in the design and subsequent implementation of EHRs. Many different approaches to user involvement exist, each requiring a variety of methodological choices. The aim of the study was to provide an overview of the existing forms of user involvement and the circumstances they need and to provide support for the planning of new involvement processes. We conducted a scoping review to provide a database for future projects on which design of inclusion is worthwhile and to show the diversity of reporting. Using a very broad search string, we searched the PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. In addition, we searched Google Scholar. Hits were screened according to scoping review methodology and then examined, focusing on methods and materials, participants, frequency and design of the development, and competencies of the researchers involved. In total, 70 articles were included in the final analysis. There was a wide range of methods of involvement. Physicians and nurses were the most frequently included groups and, in most cases, were involved only once in the process. The approach of involvement (eg, co-design) was not specified in most of the studies (44/70, 63%). Further qualitative deficiencies in the reporting were evident in the presentation of the competences of members of the research and development teams. Think-aloud sessions, interviews, and prototypes were frequently used. This review provides insights into the diversity of health care professionals’ involvement in the development of EHRs. It provides an overview of the different approaches in various fields of health care. However, it also shows the necessity of considering quality standards in the development of EHRs together with future users and the need for reporting this in future studies.
This survey study investigates surgical patients’ use and perception of digital health technologies in Germany in the pre–COVID-19 era. The objective of this study was to relate surgical patients’ characteristics to the use and perception of several digital health technologies. In this single-center, cross-sectional survey study in the outpatient department of a university hospital in Germany, 406 patients completed a questionnaire with the following three domains: general information and use of the internet, smartphones, and general digital health aspects. Analyses were stratified by age group and highest education level achieved. We found significant age-based differences in most of the evaluated aspects. Younger patients were more open to using new technologies in private and medical settings but had more security concerns. Although searching for information on illnesses on the web was common, the overall acceptance of and trust in web-based consultations were rather low, with <50% of patients in each age group reporting acceptance and trust. More people with academic qualifications than without academic qualifications searched for information on the web before visiting physicians (73/121, 60.3% and 100/240, 41.7%, respectively). Patients with academic degrees were also more engaged in health-related information and communication technology use. These results support the need for eHealth literacy, health literacy, and available digital devices and internet access to support the active, meaningful use of information and communication technologies in health care. Uncertainties and a lack of knowledge exist, especially regarding telemedicine and the use of medical and health apps. This is especially pronounced among older patients and patients with a low education status.
Steigerung der Versorgungsqualität in der Palliativversorgung durch elektronische Gesundheitsakten
(2021)
This review paper presents a short overview of current power system modelling tools especially used for analysing energy and electricity systems for the supply and demand sector. The main focus of this review lies on open source tools and models which are written and used in the programming language “Python”. The modelling tools are represented in a comprehensive table with key information. Five modelling tools with an open source license can be filtered out. The modelling tool PyPSA can be considered as a high performing tool especially as the gap between power system analysis tool (PSAT) and energy system modelling tool.
This review is about where and which tidal power systems are currently deployed. It starts with an insight into the variety of different tidal power systems. With the help of a list from the European Marine Energy Center about currently used systems for tidal power plants, it quickly becomes apparent that two systems stand out. These are the vertical and horizontal turbines. The latter are particularly common, as they are used for both tidal stream and tidal range power plants. Determining the regions with high potential for tidal power is not always easy due to the many influencing factors. Influencing factors are, for example form and conditions of the seabed, topographical features of the coast or currents in the sea [1]. Therefore, each region must be considered separately. n this paper the focus is on the UK, the literature shows that the coastal regions around the UK provide about 50 TWh/year of the European tidal power potential. This is due to the location between the oceans and the geological conditions, which act as a channel for the tides. The two areas with high potential where planning
and construction of tidal power plants is currently underway are in the north of Scotland and in the southwest of England in the Bristol Channel.
The use of wind power is rapidly expanding worldwide. It is important to examine the impact of wind turbines on the environment to see if they provide a net benefit and to identify potential for improving. Therefore life cycle assessments (LCA) of different wind turbine types are compared in this short review. The results are then shown side by side in tables for comparison. Overall the LCAs show that wind turbines compensate the required energy and emitted pollutants after approx. 6-16 months. The energy payback period (EPP) for 2 MW onshore wind turbines remained roughly the same since 2009 with approximately 7 months. Onshore wind turbines have a higher impact due to emissions but a shorter EPP than offshore wind turbines. The estimated service life of 20 years should be maximized to ensure a high energy yield ratio. The biggest impact on the environment results from the processes to provide the building material e.g. steel and cement. That impact could be reduced by 20 % if recycled steel would be used. It is shown that wind power is one of the cleanest energy sources. But further investigations in material processing and recycling are important to improve the eco-balance of wind turbines.
For the increasingly important storage of renewably generated electricity, this review explains the construction of a surface and underground pumped storage
power plant. The problems for the construction of an underground pumped storage power plant are further listed. These are geological, environmental and
economic problems as well as a low acceptance by the population. The geological problems are concerns about leaching of minerals and heavy metals as well as the statics of the cavities. Mining companies in Germany are obligated to renaturalize the landscape areas again, which could be realised by a lake. Furthermore, care must be taken to ensure that the mine water does not come into contact with the groundwater. According to a survey by RISP on the subsequent use of the mine areas for an underground pumped
storage power plant, the acceptance of the population is over 70 percent. The economic consideration concludes that the arbitrage profit for a difference between off-peak and peak of 10 €/MWh is about 2.7 M€/a and for 100 €/MWh about 27.3 M€/a. With investment costs of about 630 M€, despite the assumption of 100 €/MWh, more than 20 years are needed for an underground pumped storage power plant to be amortized. The acceptance could be increased by creating a lake as a recreation area as well as being used as an upper storage reservoir. Thus, the cost of renaturation decrease when combined with the creation of the storage basin. The problem of ground conditions can be solved by creating new cavities by means of tunnel boring at an inclination. For static safety as well as against leaching of minerals and heavy metals, the cavity walls can be sealed with reinforced concrete. The technology of underground pumped storage power plants can be used for better utilisation of renewable energies. This is especially in flat and densely populated regions a possibility to store energy, because the main part of the power plant is underground.
The Educational Journal of Renewable Energy Short Reviews (EduJRESR, formally published as `EGU Journal of Renewable Energy Short Reviews') is a teaching project rather than a regular scientific journal. To publish in this journal, it is a premise to take part in the master course wind power, hydro power and biomass usage at the department of Energy, Building Services and Environmental Engineering of the Münster University of Applied Sciences.
Students receive an equivalent of 2.5 credit points (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System - ECTS) for their engagement in the course and for publishing a short review article of at most 3000 words in this periodical. The publication process closely mimics the typical publication procedure of a regular journal. The peer-review process, however, is conducted within the group of course-participants.
Although being just an exercise, we think that publishing the outcome of this course in a citable manner is not only promoting the motivation of our students, but may also be a helpful source of introductory information for researchers and practitioners in the field of renewable energies. We encourage students to write their articles in English, but this is not mandatory. The reader will thus find a few articles in German language. To further encourage students practicing English writing, perfect grammar is not part of the assessment.
We especially thank our students for working with LaTeX on Overleaf, although LaTeX is new to some of them. In this way, the editorial workload was reduced to a minimum. We also thank our students for sharing their work under the creative commons attribution licence (CC-BY). We appreciate their contribution to scientific information, being available to every person of the world, almost without barriers. We also thank the corresponding authors and publishers of the cited work, for granting permission to reuse graphics free of charge. All other figures had to be replaced or removed prior to publication.
„Unsere Gesellschaft ist ungerecht zu Kindern. Das ist keine Übertreibung. Etwa 20 %
aller Kinder in Deutschland wachsen in Armut auf. Damit ist das Risiko, arm zu sein, in keiner Altersgruppe so groß wie bei Kindern. Sie sind arm, weil ihre Eltern arm sind. Um
selbst nicht arm zu bleiben, ist das Bildungssystem ihre einzige Chance. Das Bildungssystem macht aber eher den Anschein, als würde das niemanden interessieren“ (El-Mafalaani 2023, S. 17). Denn noch immer ist das Aufwachsen in sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Familien ein Faktor, der die zukünftigen Bildungschancen maßgeblich beeinflusst (vgl. KMK 2022) und dessen Umstände sich in der schulischen Laufbahn verfestigen. Die unzureichende und ungerechte Ausstattung mit verschiedenen Ressourcen in diesen Milieus lässt sich exemplarisch als soziales Problem erkennen, dessen Bearbeitung sich als Gegenstand der Sozialen Arbeit versteht (vgl. von Spiegel 2021, S. 25). Dabei hat Armut, basierend auf Arbeitslosigkeit oder Arbeitsverhältnissen im Niedriglohnsektor, „einen zerstörerischen Einfluss auf die kognitive, intellektuelle, soziale und emotionale Entwicklung der Kinder“ (Förster-Chanda 2018, S. 156) und geht somit oft zu Lasten der psychischen und physischen Gesundheit der Betroffenen. Heranwachsende, denen aufgrund benachteiligender Lebensumstände der Anschluss an den Arbeitsmarkt nicht gelingt, münden oft in die Unterstützungsleistungen der Jugendberufshilfe, welche sich als klassisches Handlungsfeld der Jugendsozialarbeit versteht und bereits in den 1950er Jahren etabliert wurde, um erste Antworten auf die Verringerung der damaligen hohen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit zu schaffen (vgl. van Rießen 2018, S. 70 f.).
"Quer durch alle Gruppierungen findet sich eine Reihe von Gemeinsamkeiten, darunter eine zunehmende Sorge um die ökologische Zukunft, ein Trend zu gegenseitigem Respekt und
einer Achtsamkeit in der eigenen Lebensführung, ein starker Sinn für Gerechtigkeit sowie ein wachsender Drang, sich für diese Belange aktiv einzubringen", so heißt es in der Zusammenfassung der 18. Shell Jugendstudie "Jugend 2019 - Eine Generation meldet sich zu Wort", bei der knapp über 2500 Jugendliche im Alter zwischen 12 und 15 Jahren befragt wurden (Deutsche Shell Holding GmbH 2019). Hierbei spiegelt sich die Auseinandersetzung bezüglich Umweltthemen und der Phase der Jugend wider.
Das heißt, die Person ist im Englischunterricht auf Englisch auf mich zugekommen und hat sich geöffnet und hat gesagt, ich fühle mich weder als Frau, noch als Mann und würde gerne
ab jetzt they, them Pronomen benutzen. (Interview 3, 00:10:04)
Diese Aussage einer Lehrkraft in den durchgeführten Interviews verdeutlicht, dass die Vielfalt von Geschlecht zunehmend präsenter in der Schule und der Gesellschaft wird. Geschlecht wird dadurch verstärkt im Alltag wahrgenommen, jedoch wäre es ein Trugschluss zu glauben, Geschlecht wäre vorher nicht Teil aller Lebenswelten gewesen. Spätestens mit der Geburt wird ein Mensch auf Grundlage der äußeren Geschlechtsorgane meist als männlich oder weiblich eingeordnet (Fiedler, 2004, S. 56 f.). Ab diesem Zeitpunkt beginnt eine lebenslängliche Konfrontation mit der eigenen Geschlechtsidentität. Die zweigeschlechtliche Einteilung beeinflusst die Namenswahl, sie bestimmt die Farben, Spielzeuge, Interessen und Rollen, die einer Person von klein auf zugeschrieben werden. In der Schule bestimmt sie darüber, welche Chancen Kinder in der Bildung haben, welche Toilette oder Umkleidekabine sie benutzen und nach welchen Maßstäben sie im Sportunterricht bewertet werden. Diese Strukturen werden von klein auf durchlaufen, wiederholt und verinnerlicht.
Die folgende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Evaluation des Projektes: "Kostenloses Online - Ressourcencoaching". Das Projekt wurde für Jugendliche zwischen 16 und 27 Jahren konzipiert, die sich in dem Übergang in eine neue Lebensphase befinden. Laut Prof. Dr. Uwe P. Kanning geht es zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt im Forschungskosmos des Coachings darum, herauszufinden, wann genau welche Intervention zum Einsatz kommt (vgl. Kanning 2021). Um einen Beitrag zu dem beschriebenen Forschungsziel zu leisten, wurde ein fester Sitzungsablauf konzipiert, welcher sich von Coaching zu Coaching wiederholt. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit gliedert sich in sieben Hauptkapitel.
Schulische Inklusion ist nicht mehr neu. Mit der Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenkonvention im Mai 2009 hat sich Deutschland dazu verpflichtet, das Recht auf Teilhabe für alle Menschen zu verwirklichen- auch im Bildungssektor. Da die konkrete Umsetzung durch die föderalistische Struktur der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bei den Ländern liegt, existieren Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Bundesländern (vgl. KMK 2010, S. 2). Durch Berücksichtigung in verschiedenen Erlassen, hat die Thematik der gemeinsamen Beschulung von Schüler*innen mit und ohne Behinderung sowie die notwendigen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen, wie differenzierter Unterricht, Eingang in das Schulleben gefunden (vgl. Niedersächsisches Kultusministerium 2022 (a), o.S.). Ziel ist der gewinnbringende Umgang mit Vielfalt. Um diesen zu erreichen ist es vollkommen obsolet, die Entwicklung inklusiver Schule monodisziplinär zu betrachten. Vielmehr muss es darum gehen, die Ausgestaltung der Strukturen unter kooperativen
und somit auch interdisziplinären Gesichtspunkten zu betrachten.
Scham in der Sozialen Beratung: Zum Wirkfaktor der Anonymität in der schriftbasierten Onlineberatung
(2023)
„Es gibt Gedanken, Gefühle und Probleme, die man keinem Menschen sagen, aber auch nicht für sich behalten möchte“ (Kühne/Hintenberger 2009, S. 59) – dieser Aspekt stellt für viele Ratsuchende eine besondere Herausforderung in der Inanspruchnahme von Hilfen dar. Gelingt dennoch ein erster Kontakt zum Hilfesystem, neigen Menschen dazu, bestimmte Informationen im persönlichen Kontakt zurückzuhalten – aus Angst vor negativer Rückmeldung und einhergehenden Schamaffekten (vgl. Hook/Andrews 2005; Levy et al. 2019). Parallel dazu schreitet die Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft weiter voran und hat nicht nur das gesellschaftliche Zusammenleben und die Kommunikation stark verändert, sondern prägt auch die Beratungsarbeit zunehmend. So gewinnt die Onlineberatung nicht nur quantitativ, sondern auch qualitativ im theoretischen Diskurs und in praktischen Umsetzungen an Zuwachs (vgl. Weinhardt 2023, S. 25 ff.).
"Jetzt bin ich stark für dich" (vgl. MindDoc, o.J.). Artikelüberschriften wie diese sind förmlich Ergebnis nahezu jeder Recherche zum Thema Partnerschaft und Depression.
Diese Titel suggerieren Hilfesuchenden eine klare partnerschaftliche Rollenaufteilung, wenn ein/e Partner/in an Depression erkrankt. Ratschläge und Verhaltensanweisungen zur adäquaten Pflege und Unterstützung des/der Betroffenen rücken in den
Vordergrund und vernachlässigen die eigenen Belastungen, die ein/e Partner/in aufgrund der depressiven Erkrankung erlebt.
Die Lebenswelten geflüchteter Menschen mit Behinderungen zeigen besondere Belastungen
auf. Zum einen ist die Gruppe der Menschen auf ihrem Fluchtweg erhöhten Risiken ausgesetzt, zum anderen stößt sie, angekommen in Deutschland, auf verschiedene Diskriminierungen und menschenrechtsverletzende Situationen – und dass, obwohl aufgrund Forderungen der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention und der EU-Aufnahmerichtlinien der besonderen Situation fliehender Menschen mit Behinderungen Rechnung getragen werden soll. Die vorliegende Bachelor-Thesis fokussiert demnach intersektionale Phänomene in der Schnittstelle Flucht und Behinderung und liefert einen Überblick über die Versorgungslage geflüchteter Menschen mit Behinderungen. Die Fragestellung Wie nehmen tätige Personen aus dem Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen die Versorgungslage von geflüchteten Menschen mit Behinderungen in der Stadt Hamburg wahr? wird anhand der Untersuchungsmethode „Expert*inneninterview“ mit Hilfe eines Interviewleitfadens empirisch bearbeitet. Dabei werden die aus der Praxis und Wissenschaft angezeigten Problemfelder auf ihre Aktualität hin überprüft und die Forschungslücke zu dem Themengebiet verringert. Die Ergebnisse der Forschung zeigen teilweise gravierende Mängel in der Versorgungslandschaft von geflüchteten Menschen mit Behinderungen in Hamburg. Es
werden Versorgungslücken, fehlende Zugänge zur Behandlung und Diagnostik und erschwerte Bedingungen in bürokratischen Prozessen aufgedeckt. Fehlende Vernetzungen zwischen den zuständigen Akteur*innen und nicht ausreichend installierte selbstvertretende Strukturen lassen zudem wenig Teilhabemöglichkeiten zu. Die nicht vorhandenen Erhebungen darüber, wie viele Menschen mit Behinderungen nach Deutschland geflüchtet sind und welche unterschiedlichen Bedarfe sie haben, tragen zur fortlaufenden „Unsichtbarkeit“ der betroffenen Gruppe bei.
Schlussfolgernd werden mögliche Methoden der Sozialen Arbeit abgeleitet, die sich in der Schnittstelle Flucht und Behinderung als notwendig erweisen. Außerdem werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Stadt Hamburg ausgearbeitet, die zu einer unbedingten Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation von geflüchteten Menschen mit Behinderungen hinwirken sollen.
Während die politisierte Jugend in Form von Fridays for Future am 23.09.2022 erneut zu einem weltweiten Klimastreik aufgerufen hat, debattierte der Deutsche Bundestag über die Ergebnisse des 16. Kinder- und Jugendberichts. Die Bundesministerin für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend eröffnete die Debatte mit folgendem Beitrag:
"[...] Der 16. Kinder- und Jugendbericht zeigt, die politische Bildung junger Menschen ist ein Stützpfeiler unserer Demokratie und sie ist heute wichtiger denn je. Denn sieben große Megatrends fordern die Demokratie besonders heraus: Klimakrise und Pandemie, Globalisierung, Digitalisierung, demografischer Wandel, Migration, erstarkender Nationalismus und natürlich aktuell sogar ein Krieg in Europa. Das alles beeinflusst auch das Aufwachsen junger Menschen. Gerade in diesen Zeiten kommt deshalb politischer Bildung eine große Verantwortung zu. [...] Demokratie braucht Demokratinnen und Demokraten. Politische Bildung hat den Auftrag, junge Menschen zur Demokratie zu befähigen. Demokratie ist nichts, was man in der Schule lernt wie Vokabeln oder vielleicht
binomische Gleichungen. Demokratie lebt davon, dass wir sie jeden Tag miteinander leben." (phoenix 2022, 01:20 - 02:23)
Lebensstile von Jugendlichen
(2023)
Die Soziale Arbeit hat eine deutliche Entwicklung von paternalistischer Fürsorge und
Disziplinierung hin zu Beteiligungs- und Autonomieförderung vollzogen (vgl. ebd.). Besonders wirkt sich dies auf die Lebenswelt marginalisierter oder vulnerabler Gesellschaftsteile aus, etwa Menschen mit Behinderungen oder aber Kinder und Jugendliche – insbesondere in stationären Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen. Um ihnen gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu ermöglichen, soll ihnen die Unterstützung subjektorientierter „ethische[r], politische[r], soziale[r], ökologische[r] und
ästhetische[r] Bildungsprozesse“ (Scherr 2002, S. 94) zuteilwerden, die das Individuum befähigen, sich und die Welt zu begreifen und die eigenen Kräfte entfalten zu können.1 Die Wichtigkeit dieser Stärkung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in politischer Hinsicht, vom Verstehen politischer Prozesse bis hin zu Meinungsbildung
und aktiver Einmischung, wird im 16. Jugendbericht des BMFSFJ hervorgehoben (vgl. BMFSFJ 2020a, S. 8). Von ebenso fundamentaler Bedeutung ist es, Kindern und Jugendlichen reale, strukturell verankerte Partizipationsmöglichkeiten zu bieten. Damit sind nicht die weitverbreiteten punktuellen Projekte gemeint, in denen
Partizipation in „Auszeiten“ vom Alltag erfahren werden kann (vgl. Farin 2020, S. 133; vgl. BMFSJF 2020, S. 80). Gemeint ist vielmehr, Kinder alltäglich grundsätzlich anzuhören und ihre Meinung zu berücksichtigen, wie es im Artikel 12 der UN-Kinderrechtskonvention geschrieben steht (vgl. Reitz 2015, S. 6). Elemente bzw.
Effekte der Partizipation sind unter anderem die Förderung von Grund- und Persönlichkeitsrechten, Menschenrechts- und Demokratiebildung sowie der präventive Schutz von Kindern und Jugendlichen vor Gewalt. Beides, den Schutz vor
Gewalt und das Recht auf Beteiligung, normieren unter anderem die UN-Kinderrechtskonvention, das deutsche Grundgesetz und das Achte Sozialgesetzbuch.
Unter dem Motto „Haltung zeigen“ fanden 2022 die Münsteraner Wochen gegen Rassismus statt. Dieser Kontext verdeutlicht beispielhaft den Symbolcharakter des Begriffs. Er soll eine Positionierung zu negativen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen aufzeigen und fungiert in seiner Funktion als innere Überzeugung für eine offene und demokratische Gesellschaft. Unter einer professionellen Haltung werden viele verschiedene weiche Begriffe subsumiert, wie z.B. Glaubensätze, Werte, Einstellungen, ethische Postulate, Handlungsintentionen sowie -ziele. Pädagogische Fachkräfte repräsentieren diese in Bezug auf ihr berufliches Handeln, diese sollen jedoch auch in ihrem pädagogischen Handeln zum Ausdruck kommen (vgl. Kuhl et al. 2014a, S. 79). Sozialpädagog:innen bewahren in der Jugendhilfe Haltung, wenn sie auf ein herausforderndes Verhalten eines Kindes nicht unangemessen mit verbaler Entgleisung reagieren, da sie unter Umständen die Beschimpfung der Heranwachsenden als persönlichen Angriff gedeutet haben. In ähnlicher Weise wird von Haltung bewahren gesprochen, wenn Gefühlszustände, wie tiefe Trauer, starker Schmerz oder große Freude, den Alltag von Fachkräften prägen, aber nicht bestimmen. Dabei geht es nicht darum, diese Gefühle gegenüber den Adressat:innen zu verbergen, sondern sie in der Regel unter bestimmten Kriterien zu zeigen, wenn man andere oder sich selbst damit nicht bloßstellt oder dem Gegenüber diese Emotionen zugemutet werden können. Damit wird beabsichtigt mithilfe einer angemessenen Haltung das eigene Gesicht zu wahren sowie der anderen Person selbiges zu ermöglichen (vgl. Mührel 2019, S. 31 f.). Haltung zeigt sich also in einem konkreten Handeln und gestaltet dieses.
Die Jugend ist eine Zeit, in der heranwachsende Menschen vielfältige Veränderungen durchlaufen. Sie befinden sich auf dem Weg, ihre Identität und ihre subjektiven Lebensweisen zu entwickeln und zu strukturieren. Jugendliche werden dabei von außen durch zahlreiche Erwartungen der Familie, der Institutionen und der Gesellschaft versucht, entsprechend der Norm zu formen. Unter diesem Druck von allen Seiten sind Jugendliche in dieser Lebensphase sowohl mit der Aufgabe als auch mit der Herausforderung konfrontiert, ihre Individualität zu erkennen, auszureifen und zu leben. Gleichzeitig sollen sie aber bestenfalls nirgendwo anecken und kein Aufsehen erregen. Als seien die üblichen Anforderungen, Entwicklungsaufgaben und zu treffenden Entscheidungen nicht für alle Jugendlichen schon herausfordernd genug, sehen sich Jugendliche, die nicht der cisgeschlechtlichen und heterosexuellen Norm entsprechen, noch mit ganz anderen Hürden konfrontiert.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit setzt sich aus drei Teilen zusammen. Im Theorieteil werden die begrifflichen und theoretischen Grundlagen geklärt. Ausgehen vom theoretischen Teil, welcher die Grundlage für empirische Untersuchung bildet, werden im zweiten Teil die Interviews dokumentiert und im dritten Teil wird eine Ergebnisdiskussion durchgeführt.
Gewaltausübende Personen befinden sich meist im familiären Umfeld der Gewaltbetroffenen (vgl. Terre des Femmes e.V. 2012, S. 6). Das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) und das Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz (BMJV) (2019, S. 5) weisen darauf hin, dass Betroffene vor allem physische und psychische Gewalt größtenteils im unmittelbaren sozialen Nahraum, oft sogar innerhalb der eigenen vier Wände erleiden. Ist dies der Fall wird von häuslicher Gewalt gesprochen (vgl. ebd., S. 5). Aus Statistiken geht hervor, dass häusliche Gewalt meist durch männliche Personen ausgeübt wird und sich die Gewalt vorherrschend gegen Frauen richtet (vgl. BMFSFJ 2013, S. 38; BMFSFJ/BMJV 2019, S. 5). In Europa traten während der letzten Jahrzehnte Veränderungen im rechtlichen sowie institutionellen Bereich ein, die den Schutz der Personen, die von häuslicher Gewalt betroffen sind, verbesserten. Bedeutend waren hierbei beispielsweise die Installation von Frauenhäusern als anonymer Schutzort für Gewaltbetroffene oder die Istanbul-Konvention aus dem Jahr 2011, welche die unterzeichnenden Staaten verpflichtet, einen wirksamen Schutz für Opfer der häuslichen Gewalt zu gewährleisten. Trotz des Umbruchs bleibt das Phänomen häusliche Gewalt gegenwärtig bestehen und muss thematisch gesamtgesellschaftlich als auch politisch eine stärkere Beachtung sowie Einbindung erfahren (vgl. Terre des Femmes e.V. 2012, S. 11 f.). Die Datenlage zeigt auf, dass
deutschlandweit jede dreiviertel Stunde eine Frau von häuslicher Gewalt der körperlichen Form betroffen ist und 25 Prozent aller Frauen mindestens einmal im Leben häusliche Gewalt durch den Beziehungspartner erleiden (vgl. Ministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit und Integration Baden-Württemberg 2021, S. 5; Terre des Femmes e.V. 2012, S. 6). Die Anzahl an Femiziden, bzw. Morden an Frauen durch den aktuellen oder ehemaligen Partner in Deutschland belaufen sich auf eine Tötung an jedem dritten Tag (vgl. Ministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit und Integration Baden-Württemberg 2021, S. 5).
Selbstbestimmung und Abgrenzung – der Übergang ins Erwachsenenalter kann sich bei Jugendlichen äußerst verschieden gestalten. Die Ablösung von den Eltern1 gilt als eine der zentralen Entwicklungsaufgaben im Jugendalter. Mit der Bewältigung dieser Aufgabe gehen weitreichende Chancen in der weiteren Individuation und Entwicklung der jungen Menschen einher (vgl. Hurrelmann/ Quenzel 2022, S. 25 ff.). Als zentraler Schritt im Übergang ins Erwachsenenalter gilt der Auszug aus dem Elternhaus (vgl. ebd., S. 39; Schultz 2010, S. 17 f.; Emmelmann/ Greving 2019, S. 14). Viele erwachsene Menschen mit sogenannter ‚geistiger Be-
hinderung‘2 verbleiben jedoch in ihren Familien, was im Forschungsfeld der Sozialen Arbeit unter anderem in Bezug auf die Identitätsentwicklung und Selbstbestimmung als kritisch gewertet wird (vgl. Walter 2020, S. 157; Emmelmann/ Greving 2019, S. 11; Schultz 2010, S. 12). Selbstbestimmung und eine vollumfängliche und gleichberechtigte Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft sind dabei mit der Verabschiedung der UN-BRK erklärte sozialrechtliche Zielsetzung und Menschenrecht von Menschen mit ‚Behinderung‘. Zahlen von Menschen mit sogenannter
‚geistiger Behinderung‘, die im Erwachsenenalter weiterhin mit ihren Familien wohnen, differieren zwischen 40% und 60%, wobei die Datenlage als mangelhaft einzuschätzen ist (vgl. Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der überörtlichen Träger der Sozialhilfe 2019, S. 43; Hermes 2023, S. 40; Schultz 2010, S. 12; Wachtel 2013, S. 124). Laut dem Statistischen Bundesamt (2022) verlassen junge Menschen in Deutschland im Durchschnitt mit 23,6 Jahren ihr Elternhaus. Aus dem Grund wird es in dieser Arbeit als sinnvoll erachtet, einem erweiterten Verständnis des Jugendalters3 bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter zu folgen.
Entsprechend stellt sich die Frage nach der Qualität und Professionalität der durchaus großen
Anzahl an Fachkräften. Die Professionsforschung Sozialer Arbeit setzt sich mit genau diesem Thema auseinander und stellt Versuche an, den Professions- und Professionalitätsbegriff genauer zu erforschen, der nicht nur Grundlage der theoretischen Wissenschaft ist, sondern auch Parameter für das praktische Handeln.
In diesem Zusammenhang sind zwei diskursleitende Strömungen bekannt, wovon die erste ca. 1970-1980 Versuche anstellt, die Soziale Arbeit als Profession den klassischen Professionen (beispielweise Jura, Medizin) gleichzusetzen (vgl. Ruttert 2020, S. 159f.). Durch Verwissenschaftlichung der Arbeit sollte dem Wusch nach Autonomie, Legitimation, Verwissenschaftlichung der Praxis, Etablierung einer eigenen Disziplin und Statuserhöhung (vgl. ebd.) Folge geleistet werden. Letztlich waren diese Bemühungen allerdings nicht von Erfolg gekrönt und blieben weitestgehend vergebliche Versuche (vgl. Motzke 2014, S. 128).
Mädchen in meinem Praxissemester in einer teilstationären Einrichtung. Sie durchlebte zu dieser Zeit eine Phase voller Herausforderungen, da sie ihre Familie verlassen und in eine Wohngruppe ziehen sollte. Aufgrund doppelter Finanzierung durch den Besuch zweier Einrichtungen der Jugendhilfe, sollte sie nun auch die teilstationäre Einrichtung verlassen, von welcher sie bereits seit über zwei Jahren Teil war. In dieser angstbesetzten Phase berichtete sie mir in einem Gespräch, dass Billie Eilish ihr großes Vorbild sei und sie ihre Musik hört, wenn sie Angst hat oder traurig ist.
This report examines the strength of young and early age concrete that has been systematically exposed to horizontal, sinusoidal vibrations with varying vibration parameters. Specimens were subjected to vibrations of predefined vibration times (4–14 h) and the compressive strength was determined after a period of 28 days. It was found that the different parameters have no critical influence on compressive strength and that vibration prior to initial setting of the concrete can increase its strength. Additional information to examine the reasons for this increase was obtained by further investigations (nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis).
Entwicklung eines Konzeptes zur Nachrüstung von Regenklärbecken mit technischen Regenwasserfiltern
(2023)
Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of the stuttering modification intervention Kinder Dürfen Stottern (KIDS) in school-age children who stutter.
Method: Seventy-three children who stutter were included in this multicenter, two-group parallel, randomized, wait-list controlled trial with a follow-up of 12 months. Children aged 7–11 years were recruited from 34 centers for speech therapy and randomized to either the immediate-treatment group or the 3 months delayed-treatment group. KIDS was provided by 26 clinicians who followed a treatment manual. Although the primary outcome measure was the impact of stuttering (Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering–School-Age [OASES-S]), the secondary outcomes included objective and subjective data on stuttering severity.
Results: At 3 months postrandomization, the mean score changes of the OASESS differed significantly between the experimental (n = 33) and control group (n = 29; p = .026). Furthermore, treatment outcomes up to 12 months were analyzed (n = 59), indicating large effects of time on the OASES-S score (p < .001, partial η2 = .324). This was paralleled by significant improvements in parental ratings and objective ratings (stuttering severity, frequency, and physical concomitants).
Conclusions: The significant short-term treatment effects in the OASES-S are in line with the (initial) focus of KIDS on cognitive and affective aspects of stuttering.
Over 12 months, these changes were maintained and accompanied by
behavioral improvements. The results suggest that individual treatment with KIDS is an adequate treatment option for this age group.
The Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG) is a tool for modeling and optimizing energy systems with a focus on urban systems. The SESMG is easily accessible as it comes with a browser-based graphical user interface, spreadsheets to provide data entry, and detailed documentation on how to use it. Programming skills are not required for the installation or application of the tool. The SESMG includes advanced modeling features such as the application of the multi-energy system (MES) approach, multi-objective optimization, model-based methods for reducing computational requirements, and automated conceptualization and result processing of urban energy systems with high spatial resolution. Due to its accessibility and the applied modeling methods, urban energy systems can be modeled and optimized with comparatively low effort.
Programmierung von Open Source Software in der Energiewirtschaft nimmt seit Beginn der 2000er stetig zu. Dies gilt sowohl für den Bereich der Forschung und Entwicklung, als auch für die Industrie und Wirtschaft. So werden beispielsweise Modelle zur Planung und Optimierung von Energiesystemen umgesetzt. Eine Open Source Veröffentlichung ist in diesem Forschungsfeld besonders wichtig, um die Überprüfbarkeit von Modellannahmen sowie der Vergleichbarkeit verschiedener Modellansätze zu garantieren. Einer Open-Source Veröffentlichung stehen jedoch häufig die Hürden von hohem Fristendruck, fehlender Finanzierung und fehlendem Detailwissen der Publizierenden entgegen. Deshalb bleiben diese Softwareprodukte meist im Entwurfsstadium und sind daher schwierig wieder zu verwenden.
Mithilfe des neu erarbeiteten Schritt-für-Schritt Leitfadens zur standardisierten Implementierung einer Open Source Software, wird die Hürde und der zeitliche Aufwand zur Standardisierung von Open Source Repositories weitestgehend reduziert. Hierbei wird für jedem Bestandteil des zu standardisierenden Repositorys eine umfassende Erklärung der üblichen Standards sowie eine Empfehlung für unterstützende Softwarelösungen ausgesprochen.
Der Leitfaden orientiert sich an den aus der ISO 12207 resultierenden Phasen des Softwarelebenszyklus und ermöglicht einen Einstieg zu jedem Entwicklungsstand der Software. Seine grafische Aufbereitung in Form eines Prozessablaufplans erleichtert die Einschätzung des individuellen Status der Standardisierung eines vorliegenden Open Source Projektes. Als Treiber der Standardisierung eines Open Source Projektes sind insbesondere die bessere Lesbarkeit, Wartbarkeit und Testbarkeit der standardisierten Open Source Software wichtig.
Bei der Anwendung auf das bereits bestehende Open Source Projekt des Spreadsheet Energy System Model Genarators fiel auf, dass ein verspäteter Einstieg in ein systematisches Vorgehen (wie er mit dem Leitfaden dieser Arbeit gegeben wird) zu erheblichen Mehraufwand bei der Standardisierung führen kann. Dennoch konnten im Zuge der Umsetzung des erarbeiteten Leitfadens weitreichende Verbesserungen des Projektes vor dem Hintergrund der Standardisierung erreicht werden (z. B. Versionierung & Wartbarkeit).
Insgesamt lässt sich festhalten, dass eine frühestmögliche Standardisierung der Open Source Repositories durchgeführt werden sollte, um spätere Mehrarbeit zu vermeiden und die frühstmögliche Wiederverwendbarkeit für Dritte zu gewährleisten.
This study investigated the ability of electrically conductive carbon rovings to detect cracks in textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) structures. The key innovation lies in the integration of carbon rovings into the reinforcing textile, which not only contributes to the mechanical properties of the concrete structure but also eliminates the need for an additional sensory system, such as strain gauges, to monitor the structural health. Carbon rovings are integrated into a grid-like textile reinforcement that differs in binding type and dispersion concentration of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) coating. Ninety final samples were subjected to a four-point bending test in which the electrical changes of the carbon rovings were measured simultaneously to capture the strain. The mechanical results show that the SBR50-coated TRC samples with circular and elliptical cross-sectional shape achieved, with 1.55 kN, the highest bending tensile strength, which is also captured with a value of 0.65 Ω by the electrical impedance monitoring. The elongation and fracture of the rovings have a significant effect on the impedance mainly due to electrical resistance change. A correlation was found between the impedance change, binding type and coating. This suggests that the elongation and fracture mechanisms are affected by the number of outer and inner filaments, as well as the coating.
Haiku of Maladisms
(2021)
This study explores the intriguing relationship between personality traits, self-rated fitness (SRF), and physical activity (PA) variables among German university students (N = 4244) and sheds light on the impact of personality on adherence to PA guidelines. Employing an online cross-sectional study, the short-form of the Big Five Inventory-2 assessed five domains of personality traits (Extraversion, Negative Emotionality, Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and Open-Mindedness). PA, including sitting time, was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form). SRF and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) were assessed with one item each. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses examined associations of individual personality trait domains and all domains combined with SFR, PA variables, and adherence to PA guidelines, controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and (mental) health covariates. Most reliably, Extraversion and Conscientiousness revealed positive associations with PA variables, while Negative Emotionality yielded inverse relationships with PA variables. For instance, each unit increase in Extraversion corresponded to an additional 17 min of weekly MSA. On the contrary, daily sitting time was unrelated to personality. Of note, high Open-Mindedness was associated with lower odds for adhering to current PA guidelines. The findings have implications for developing targeted interventions that promote a physically active lifestyle and support students’ well-being and academic success.
Background
Degenerative musculoskeletal disorders are among the most frequent diseases occurring in adulthood, often impairing patients' functional mobility and physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the impact of three frequent degenerative musculoskeletal disorders -- knee osteoarthritis (knee OA), hip osteoarthritis (hip OA) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) -- on patients' walking ability.
Methods
The study included 120 participants, with 30 in each patient group and 30 healthy control individuals. A uniaxial accelerometer, the StepWatch™ Activity Monitor (Orthocare Innovations, Seattle, Washington, USA), was used to determine the volume (number of gait cycles per day) and intensity (gait cycles per minute) of walking ability. Non-parametric testing was used for all statistical analyses.
Results
Both the volume and the intensity of walking ability were significantly lower among the patients in comparison with the healthy control individuals (p < 0.001). Patients with LSS spent 0.4 (IQR 2.8) min/day doing moderately intense walking (>50 gait cycles/min), which was significantly lower in comparison with patients with knee and hip OA at 2.5 (IQR 4.4) and 3.4 (IQR 16.1) min/day, respectively (p < 0.001). No correlations between demographic or anthropometric data and walking ability were found. No technical problems or measuring errors occurred with any of the measurements.
Conclusions
Patients with degenerative musculoskeletal disorders suffer limitations in their walking ability. Objective assessment of walking ability appeared to be an easy and feasible tool for measuring such limitations as it provides baseline data and objective information that are more precise than the patients' own subjective estimates. In everyday practice, objective activity assessment can provide feedback for clinicians regarding patients' performance during everyday life and the extent to which this confirms the results of clinical investigations. The method can also be used as a way of encouraging patients to develop a more active lifestyle.
Background
Bone mineral density (BMD) accrual during childhood and adolescence is important for attaining peak bone mass. BMD decrements have been reported in survivors of childhood bone sarcomas. However, little is known about the onset and development of bone loss during cancer treatment. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate BMD in newly diagnosed Ewing's and osteosarcoma patients by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
DXA measurements of the lumbar spine (L2-4), both femora and calcanei were performed perioperatively in 46 children and adolescents (mean age: 14.3 years, range: 8.6-21.5 years). Mean Z-scores, areal BMD (g/cm2), calculated volumetric BMD (g/cm3) and bone mineral content (BMC, g) were determined.
Results
Lumbar spine mean Z-score was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.46 to 0.18), areal BMD was 1.016 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.950 to 1.082) and volumetric BMD was 0.330 g/cm3 (95% CI: 0.314 to 0.347) which is comparable to healthy peers. For patients with a lower extremity tumor (n = 36), the difference between the affected and non-affected femoral neck was 12.1% (95% CI: -16.3 to -7.9) in areal BMD. The reduction of BMD was more pronounced in the calcaneus with a difference between the affected and contralateral side of 21.7% (95% CI: -29.3 to -14.0) for areal BMD. Furthermore, significant correlations for femoral and calcaneal DXA measurements were found with Spearman-rho coefficients ranging from ρ = 0.55 to ρ = 0.80.
Conclusions
The tumor disease located in the lower extremity in combination with offloading recommendations induced diminished BMD values, indicating local osteopenia conditions. However, the results revealed no significant decrements of lumbar spine BMD in pediatric sarcoma patients after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, it has to be taken into account that bone tumor patients may experience BMD decrements or secondary osteoporosis in later life. Furthermore, the peripheral assessment of BMD in the calcaneus via DXA is a feasible approach to quantify bone loss in the lower extremity in bone sarcoma patients and may serve as an alternative procedure, when the established assessment of femoral BMD is not practicable due to endoprosthetic replacements.
The effect of kinesiology tape applications on performance in amateur soccer and team handball
(2015)
Evidence supporting performance enhancing effects of kin esiotape in sports is missing . The aims of this studywere to evaluate effects of kinesiotape applications with regard to shooting and throwing performance in 26 amateursoccer and 32 handball players, and to further investigate if these effects were influenced by the players’ level ofperformance. Ball speed as the primary outcome and accuracy of soccer kicks and handball throws were analyzed withand without kinesiotape by means of radar units and video recordings. The application of kinesiotapes significantlyincreased ball speed in soccer by 1.4 km/h (p=0.047) and accuracy with a lesser di stance from the target by -6.9 cm(p=0.039). Ball velocity in handball throws also signific antly increased by 1.2 km/h (p=0.013), while accuracy wasdeteriorated with a greater distance from the target by 3.4 cm (p=0.005). Larger effects with respect to ball speed werefound in players with a lower performance level in kick ing (1.7 km/h, p=0.028) and throwing (1.8 km/h, p=0.001)compared with higher level soccer and handball players (1.2 km/h, p=0.346 and 0.5 km/h, p=0.511, respectively). Inconclusion, the applications of kinesiot ape used in this study might have beneficial effects on performance in amateursoccer, but the gain in ball speed in handball is counterac ted by a significant deterioration of accuracy. Subgroupanalyses indicate that kinesiotape may yield larger effects on ball velocity in athletes with lower kicking and throwingskills.
Die Bedeutung des Einsatzes von Verfahren, die unter dem Begriff der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) zusammenzufassen sind, wird sowohl für gesellschaftliche Prozesse als auch den Auftrag an die Soziale Arbeit zunehmend erkannt und diskutiert. Mit diesem Artikel wird ein Beitrag zum Diskurs geleistet, indem vertieft der Bereich der Sprachverarbeitung durch KI, das Natural Language Processing (NLP), in den Blick genommen wird. Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache ist aufgrund der hohen Bedeutung kommunikativer Prozesse für die Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit von besonderer Relevanz, zugleich wird die Profession der Sozialen Arbeit tangiert. Bezugnehmend auf Staub-Bernasconis Handlungstheorie werden Implikationen und Diskussionspunkte von NLP identifiziert und diskutiert. Zudem werden mögliche Gratifikationen für Klient*innen herausgearbeitet, die sich u. a. aus der Wirkung und sozialen Interaktion ergeben. Hier wird die Media-Equation-Theorie von Nass und Reeves als Erkenntnisfolie herangezogen. Vor diesen Perspektiven ergeben sich sowohl Risiken (u. a. die Gefahr einer modularisierten Herauslösung genuin sozialarbeiterischer Tätigkeit) als auch Chancen (u. a. Teilhabe, niederschwelliger Zugang, Zugriff auf breitere Datenbasis).
Ob Nachhaltigkeit zum selbstverständlichen Bestandteil der Ausbildung wird, hängt vor allem
vom Engagement und der Qualifikation des Berufsbildungspersonals ab. Denn als Fachleute kennen Ausbilderinnen und Ausbilder die beruflichen Tätigkeiten und betrieblichen Prozesse, und als Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen sind sie es, die Lernsituationen gestalten und Lerninhalte vermitteln. Vor diesem Hintergrund richtet sich der vorliegende Leitfaden insbesondere an das betriebli-
che und überbetriebliche Ausbildungspersonal, aber auch an Lehrkräfte in Berufsschulen. Er zeigt
auf, wie nachhaltigkeitsbezogene Lehr-/Lernarrangements entwickelt und umgesetzt werden können. Mit Blick auf die lebensmittelproduzierenden Berufe werden dem Ausbildungspersonal Tipps zur Gestaltung entsprechender Lernaufgaben und damit zur betrieblichen Umsetzung der
Standardberufsbildposition gegeben.
Welche Umweltbelastungen verursacht der Betrieb? Wie lässt sich Nachhaltigkeit im betrieblichen Handeln stärker verankern und wie können etwaige Zielkonflikte konstruktiv thematisiert
werden? Ausbilderinnen und Ausbilder müssen sich heute darauf einlassen, diese komplexen und zum Teil auch unbequemen Fragen gemeinsam mit den Auszubildenden zu diskutieren. Dieser Leitfaden gibt hierzu ein Rüstzeug an die Hand, mit dem eine nachhaltigkeitsorientierte didaktische Berufsbildungsarbeit in Betrieb und Schule sofort und ganz konkret umgesetzt werden kann.
Um die Leitidee einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung strukturell in der Arbeits- und Berufswelt zu verankern,
müssen entsprechende Kompetenzen identifiziert und konkretisiert werden, die im Rahmen der Berufsbildung zu fördern sind. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Modell zur Strukturierung und Beschreibung nachhaltigkeitsbezogener Kompetenzen im Lebensmittelhandwerk und der Lebensmittelindustrie vorgestellt. Das Modell stellt die Dimensionen beruflicher Handlungskompetenz (Sach-, Sozial- und Selbstkompetenz) auf drei Ebenen dar: bezogen auf Entscheidungen, die (1) im Arbeitsprozess, (2) auf Unternehmens- und (3) auf politischer bzw. gesellschaftlicher Ebene getroffen werden. Die 15 nachhaltigkeitsbezogenen
Themenfelder des Modells sind jeweils hinterlegt mit Kompetenzzielen, welche Impulse für die curriculare und didaktische Berufsbildungsarbeit setzen können.
Fürther Gespräche: Expertenforum für den Rettungsdienst mit Forderungen an Politik und Gesellschaft
(2023)
Die rettungsdienstliche Versorgung, die Rettungsfachkräfteausbildung und die rechtlichen Vorraussetzungen in Deutschland bieten aktuell keine guten Rahmenbedingungen für die Zukunft. Ein Expertenforum mit deutschlandweiten Akteuren aus Wissenschaft, Bildung und Rettungsdienst diskutierten im Rahmen der Fürther Gespräche die Herausforderungen der Professionalisierung und der Kompetenzentwicklung des Rettungsdienstes und der präklinischen Versorgung in Deutschland. Die zentralen Ergebnisse und Schwerpunktthemen wurden in 7 Thesen zusammengefasst und konkrete Lösungsansätze entwickelt. Das Spannungsfeld umfasst hierbei die Anforderungen und Versorgungsbedarfe, die Prävention und erweiterte Versorgungskomponenten, die Digitalisierungsstrategie, integrierte Leitstellen und vernetzte Gesundheitsdienstleistungen, Personalentwicklung und -bindung sowie Qualifikationsniveaus und Notarztqualifikation.
Jahrzehntelang agierten die Wohlfahrtsverbände auf dem deutschen Sozialmarkt ohne jegliche Konkurrenz und wurden dabei von staatlicher Seite unterstützt. Zwar bilden die Verbände auch heute noch die Basis des deutschen Wohlfahrtsstaates, dennoch haben die starren Strukturen seit der Einführung der Pflegeversicherung im Jahr 1995 zu bröckeln begonnen. Eine Rolle in diesen Veränderungen spielt das Phänomen Social Entrepreneurship, welches über die Jahre eigene Zugangswege in den Sozialen Sektor gefunden hat. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die aktuelle Konstellation auf dem Wohlfahrtsmarkt und insbesondere das Verhältnis der beiden genannten Akteure dahingehend zu untersuchen, ob sie gewinnbringend für die Nutzer*innen von Sozialleistungen und die Gesellschaft im Ganzen sind.
In stationären Angeboten der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe ist die Frage danach, wie junge
Menschen angemessen an den sie betreffenden Entscheidungen partizipieren können, seit längerer Zeit Bestandteil von Fachdebatten (vgl. Karolus et al., 2017, S. 56 ff.). Doch obwohl allgemeine Akzeptanz um das Thema herrscht, fällt Fachkräften und Trägern die praktische Umsetzung der kindlichen Beteiligungsansprüche oft schwer (vgl. Stork/Aghamiri, 2016, S. 207). So kann Partizipation z. B. schon an der Haltung der Fachkräfte scheitern (Pluto, 2007, S. 80ff.). Besonders bei jungen Kindern befürchten Fachkräfte eine Überforderung der Kinder, wenn ihnen Entscheidungsbefugnisse
zugestanden werden (vgl. ebd.). Dabei ist Partizipation ein Menschenrecht und muss
in der Heimerziehung schon aus rechtlichen Gründen umgesetzt werden. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass die Umsetzung von Partizipation eine Hürde darstellt, wird in dieser Arbeit der Frage nachgegangen, wie Partizipation in der Heimerziehung gelingen
kann. Dabei wird ein besonderer Fokus auf Kinder unter sechs Jahren gelegt, da in der Auseinandersetzung mit der aktuellen Literatur auffällt, dass über frühkindliche Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit Partizipation in der Heimerziehung wenig publiziert wird.