Oecotrophologie · Facility Management (OEF)
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- expert interviews (2)
- Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (1)
- Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement · Bedarfsanalyse · Maßnahmen· Wissenschaft liche Theorien · Theoretische Grundlagen · Systematisches Literaturreview (1)
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- HACCP Knowledge (1)
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- Organic Processors (1)
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Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Therefore, improvement of oxidative stress status through lifestyle intervention can play a vital role in preventing and treating chronic diseases. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of articles published in the last decade examining the association between lifestyle intervention and oxidative stress biomarkers in the context of non-communicable diseases. The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. This systematic review focused on the four important oxidative stress biomarkers; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and malondialdehyde. 671 articles were identified, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. A trend emerged, showing that lifestyle modifications that focus on diet and physical health can improve oxidative stress in the form of an increase in superoxide dismutase and CAT levels and a decrease in Malondialdehyde levels in participants with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), GSH levels were not affected. However, the results are difficult to compare because of the heterogeneity of the methods of the biomarkers studied. Our review indicates that oxidative stress can be influenced by lifestyle modifications and may be an effective tool for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. This review also elucidated the importance of analyzing multiple oxidative stress biomarkers to evaluate oxidative stress, it further highlights the need to conduct long-term lifestyle intervention studies on oxidative stress biomarkers to understand the connection between oxidative stress biomarkers, NCDs and Lifestyle intervention.
Hintergrund.ZurQualitätssicherungund
WeiterentwicklungvonBGF-Maßnahmen
(betrieblicheGesundheitsförderung) istes
vonInteresse,einenÜberblicküberwissen
schaftlichuntersuchteBGF-Maßnahmenin
denletztenzweiJahrzehntenzuerlangen.
Zielsetzung.WissenschaftlichevaluierteBGF
MaßnahmenausdenJahren2000–2020wer
denmithilfederinderPraxisdurchdenGKV
SpitzenverbandeingesetztenThemenfelder
aufdiethematischenEntwicklungen,den
Nutzen,aberauchdieSchwächenfürdie
ÜbertragbarkeitindiePraxishinanalysiert.
Methode.EinesystematischeLiteraturrecher
chefürdenPublikationszeitraumzwischen
2000und2020wurdeinzweielektronischen
Datenbankendurchgeführt.
Ergebnisse.DieEinschlusskriterienerfüllten
41Artikel.DiemeistenderindenStudien
durchgeführtenundevaluiertenBGF
MaßnahmenwarenkeineEinzelmaßnahmen,
sondernstelltenProgrammedar. Inihnen
wurdenmehrereThemenfeldergleichzeitig
adressiert.Insgesamtzeigtensichdieinden
StudienuntersuchtenBGF-Maßnahmensehr
heterogen.ZumEndedesUntersuchungszeit
raumesnahmdieAnzahlanPublikationen
zu.
Schlussfolgerung.DieimLeitfadenPräventi
onvorgegebenenBGF-Themenfeldersindbis
aufeinThemenfeldausgewogenvertreten.
DieStudienzudenBGF-Maßnahmen
sindbezogenaufdieVerständlichkeitder
angewendetenDidaktikundMethodikoft
nureingeschränktnachvollziehbarund
somitschwerindieorganisationalePraxis
übertragbar.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund. Zur qualitätsbasierten
Weiterentwicklungeffizienter und bedarfs
orientierter Maßnahmen der betrieblichen
Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) ist es von
Interesse, einen Einblick in Ihren Aufbau,
die Ausgestaltung und den Ablauf der
Maßnahmender letztenzwei Jahrzehntezu
erlangen.
Zielsetzung. Auf Basis der arbeitsschutzori
entierten Leitliniendes GKV-Spitzenverbands
wird untersucht, ob vor der Umsetzung
von BGF-Maßnahmen Bedarfserhebungen
mittels Ist-Analysen durchgeführt wurden.
Zusätzlich wird betrachtet,ob die Analysen
„weiche“ Faktoren wie Kultur, Führung und
Beziehungsklima beinhalten. Weiter wird
analysiert, welche wissenschaftlichenTheori
en undModelle denMaßnahmenzugrunde
liegen. Zudem führt die Untersuchungeine
Wirksamkeitsbetrachtungdurch, um zu
ermitteln, welche Effekte die Maßnahmen
erzielten.
Methode. Das vorliegende Literatur-Review
untersucht wissenschaftlichevaluierte BGF
Maßnahmenaus den Jahren 2000–2020.
Hierzu wurde eine systematischeLitera
turrecherche in den zwei elektronischen
DatenbankenScopus und Web of Science
für den benannten Publikationszeitraum
durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse. Die Einschlusskriterienerfüllten
41Artikel.Nur4derStudienführteneine
Ist-Analyse zur Bedarfsbestimmung von
BGF-Maßnahmendurch. 25 Studien führten
Ist-Analysen im Rahmen der Maßnahmen
durch, alle waren arbeitsschutzorientiert.Vier
Studien inkludierten in ihrer Erhebung zu
Beginn Teilaspektevon weichen Faktoren. In
12 Studienwurdenden evaluiertenInterven
tionen unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche
Theorien und Modelle zugrunde gelegt. Alle
Studien berichtetenmindestensfür einzelne
Untersuchungsparametervon positiven
Effekten.
Schlussfolgerung. Vor dem Hintergrund
des Strukturwandels der Wirtschaft und der
beständig zunehmenden Humanisierung
der Arbeit spielen wissenschaftsbasierte
Analyseinstrumentezur Bedarfsbestimmung
eine große Rolle. Zukünftige Analyseinstru
mentesolltenvon derWissenschaftkonzipiert
und erprobt werden und zusätzlich zur
Arbeitsschutzorientierung die immateriellen,
weichen Faktoren Kultur, Führung und
Beziehungsklima beinhalten. Trotz der
Empfehlungen, Maßnahmenauf Grundlage
von Theorien und Modellen zu konzipieren,
wurde dieses Potenzial von nur wenigen
wissenschaftlichevaluiertenStudien genutzt.
Die Wirksamkeitsbetrachtungzeigt, dass alle
Studien mindestensfür Teile Ihrer Evaluation
von positiven Effekten berichten. Dieses
Untersuchungsergebnisdes Reviewsweist auf
ein Publikationsbiashin
Background
Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. The objective of the study was to test the effect of a healthy lifestyle intervention on biomarkers of inflammation (among other risk markers).
Methods
We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87). The intervention consisted of a 1-year lifestyle programme focusing on diet (largely plant-based; strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management, and social support. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Homocysteine (Hcy) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, and 1 year. Adiponectin (Apn) was assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. An exploratory analysis of these inflammatory markers assessing the between-group differences with ANCOVA was conducted.
Results
The 1-year trajectory of hs-CRP was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -0.8 (95% CI -1.2, -0.3) mg/l; p = 0.001; adjusted for baseline). The 1-year trajectory of Hcy was non-significantly higher in the intervention compared to control (between-group difference: 0.2 (95% CI -0.3, 0.7) µmol/l; p = 0.439; adjusted for baseline). From baseline to 10 weeks, Apn decreased significantly more in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -1.6 (95% CI -2.7, -0.5) µg/ml; p = 0.004; adjusted for baseline).
Conclusions
Our study shows that healthy lifestyle changes can lower hs-CRP and Apn levels and are unlikely to significantly affect Hcy levels within 1 year.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; reference: DRKS00018775, registered 12 Sept 2019; retrospectively registered; www.drks.de).
Background: Establishing a healthy lifestyle has a great potential to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. NCDs contribute immensely to the economic costs of the health care system arising from therapy, medication use, and productivity loss.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (cohort 2; HLCP-2) on medication use and consequently on medication costs for selected NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia).
Methods: Data stem from a 24-month non-randomised, controlled intervention trial aiming to improve risk factors for NCDs. Participants completed questionnaires at six measurement time points assessing medication use, from which costs were calculated. The following medication groups were included in the analysis as NCD medication: glucose-lowering medications (GLM), antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and lipid-lowering drugs (LLD). Statistical tests for inter- and intra-group comparison and multiple regression analysis were performed.
Results: In total, 118 participants (intervention group [IG]: n = 79; control group [CG]: n = 39) were considered. Compared to baseline medication use decreased slightly in the IG and increased in the CG. Costs for NCD medication were significantly lower in the IG than in the CG after 6 (p = 0.004), 12 (p = 0.040), 18 (p = 0.003) and 24 months (p = 0.008). After multiple regression analysis and adjusting for confounders, change of costs differed significantly between the groups in all final models.
Conclusion: The HLCP-2 was able to moderately prevent an increase of medication use and thus reduce costs for medication to treat NCDs with the greatest impact on AHD.
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We evaluated changes in total costs, comprising direct and indirect costs, due to a 24-month non-randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention trial with six measurement time points aiming to improve the risk profile for NCDs. Overall, 187 individuals from the general population aged ≥18 years were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112), receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy, plant-based diet; physical activity; stress management; and community support, followed by a 22-month follow-up phase including monthly seminars, or a control group (CG; n = 75) without intervention. The complete data sets of 118 participants (IG: n = 79; CG: n = 39) were analyzed. At baseline, total costs per person amounted to 67.80 ± 69.17 EUR in the IG and 48.73 ± 54.41 EUR in the CG per week. The reduction in total costs was significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG after 10 weeks (p = 0.012) and 6 months (p = 0.004), whereas direct costs differed significantly after 10 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p = 0.041) and 12 months (p = 0.012) between the groups. The HLCP-2 was able to reduce health-related economic costs, primarily due to the reduction in direct costs.
Organic food quality is based on processing. While the EU organic production regulation focuses on agricultural production, private standards provide more detailed information about further processing. For the development of organic processing, practitioner perspectives can provide valuable input. To get insight into practitioner perspectives, we conducted semi-structured expert interviews with nine employees of seven partly organic juice processing companies from Germany and Austria. Interview topics were (i) quality of organic juice processing in general, (ii) assessment of specific processing techniques, (iii) product quality of organic juice and (iv) flow of information between producer and consumer. We conducted a thematic analysis. We found that the experts’ understanding of process quality mostly includes more aspects than the EU organic production regulation. It covers the whole food chain plus aspects of social and environmental sustainability. The experts prefer directly bottled juice of local raw materials but chiefly accept juice made from concentrate of exotic raw materials because of environmental concerns. Organic juice is preferred when it is cloudy and natural fluctuations are interpreted as an indicator of natural quality. The experts report that consumer information is challenging because of low food literacy. Raising this might help reduce the number of processed juices on the market.
Purpose: Organic food processing must include organic principles to be authentic. This qualitative study aims to understand the processors' understanding of organic food processing quality.
Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on semi-structured expert interviews with eight employees of six purely or partly organic dairies from Germany and Switzerland. Interview themes are (1) quality of organic milk processing in general, (2) assessment of specific processing techniques, (3) product quality of organic milk and (4) flow of information between producer and consumer. The interviews have been audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.
Findings: (1) Experts prefer minimal processing; some prefer artisanal processing, whilst others stress the advantages of mechanisation. (2) High temperature short time (HTST) pasteurisation and mechanical processing techniques are accepted; ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk processing is partly rejected. (3) Traditional taste and valuable ingredients should be present in the final product. Natural variances are judged positively. (4) Consumers' low level of food technology literacy is challenging for communication.
Research limitations/implications: The results cannot be generalised due to the qualitative study design. Further studies, e.g. qualitative case analyses and studies with a quantitative design, are necessary to deepen the results.
Practical implications: The paper shows which processing technologies experts consider suitable or unsuitable for organic milk. The paper also identifies opportunities to bridge the perceived gap between processors' and consumers' demands.
Originality/value: The study shows the challenges of processors in expressing the processors' understanding of process quality.
Stress-eating (eating more or more unhealthily in order to accommodate to stress), contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. The effect of comprehensive weight loss interventions on changes in stress-eating as well as the contributing role of stress-eating on weight reduction has not been examined. The impact of the 8-week intensive phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on emotional, external and restrained eating, as expressions of stress-eating was evaluated in a non-randomized controlled trial. Intervention: 14 seminars (twice per week, including practical units), complemented by stress-regulation and cooking workshops and coaching sessions empowering participants to change their behaviour towards a healthy plant-based diet (ad libitum), stress regulation, regular exercise and to focus on social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. In the intervention group, 91 participants (IG; age: 56 ± 10, 77% female) and in the control group, 52 (CG; age: 62 ± 14, 57% female) were enrolled. At baseline, participants of the IG reported higher levels of stress (9.7 ± 5.4 points [P] vs. 7.6 ± 6.2; p < 0.011), and of emotional eating (27.9 ± 9.4 vs. 20.0 ± 7.1; p < 0.001) and external eating (29.1 ± 4.9 vs. 25.5 ± 5.6; p < 0.001) than participants of the CG. Within 8 weeks, in the IG, scores of emotional eating (− 3.5 ± 5.4 P) and external eating significantly decreased (= − 2.0 ± 3.8 P), while restrained eating increased (2.7 ± 5.0 P; p for all < 0.001). Weight change was negatively correlated with change of external eating (R2 = 0.045; CC = − 0.285; p = 0.014), indicating that a greater weight change was associated with a smaller change of external eating. This is the first study to prospectively investigate the role of stress-eating on the weight reduction effect of comprehensive lifestyle interventions. Our data confirm that overweight is associated with EE and external eating and suggest that the HLCP is capable to reduce both, weight and stress-eating.
There are numerous food safety aspects that must be taken into consideration by organic food producers and processors to ensure the safety and quality of their products. The application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles, together with the implementation of good hygiene practices (GHP), ensures that food safety and process hygiene criteria are met. This study was based on a survey conducted among 316 producers and processors representing the organic food sector in five European countries (Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Italy and Poland). The knowledge and experience of organic food operators with HACCP systems were evaluated. Moreover, their
needs and expectations towards assistance (training, guidance materials) that could improve the level of knowledge and compliance with respective food safety rules and regulations were assessed.
The need for support on a number of issues related to food safety and guidance documents on the application of HACCP principles were also identified. This study provides highlights of the application of HACCP principles, with particular focus on identifying priorities and needs for two types of food operators (food producers and food processors). Although most of the surveyed food operators were confirmed to have basic knowledge regarding the HACCP system, there was a lack of understanding of the system principles. The needs and expectations varied among the studied countries and types of organic operators. Recognition of the full potential of the HACCP system requires assistance, particularly in the preparation of documents and records. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings and to identify effective strategies to improve the HACCP knowledge of food operators.
A sustainability transition (ST) of the agri-food system (AFS) is necessary due to manifold environmental and social exigencies. Scholars widely refer to the multi-level perspective (MLP) in the analysis of those transitions. The fast pace of articles covering AFS transitions, the evolving research on spaces between the three levels, and the consisting unclear conceptualization of MLP levels call for a systematic update on literature utilizing MLP in AFS articles covering ST. As a basis for reporting, this systematic literature review uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was conducted on the database Scopus encompassing the period from 2018 to 2022. After the selection procedure, 58 articles were included in the review. We extracted data based on a combination of a concept-driven and data-driven coding scheme. Qualitative research approaches outweigh and interrelated activities within the AFS are being analyzed, predominantly in the agricultural sectors. The focus lays on ongoing transitions. The concept of sustainability and its direction is considered as given (e.g., through the case lens), without further elaborations. The niche constitutes the most prominent object of study and scholars refer to rather socially innovative activities than technological innovations, providing distinct views on radicality and strategies to breakthrough. A space between niche and regime is being presented, with slightly distinct conceptualisations. Actors from both levels collaborate and exert transformative power. The regime is presented as static but also more vividly evolving views on the regime are demonstrated. The landscape receives the least attention and the focus lays on immaterial characteristics. Combinations of MLP with other frameworks have proven useful, for instance, regarding elaborations on the agency on the landscape level. Generally, an unclear conceptualization of regime and landscape persists, lacking a theoretical elaboration. Further research applying MLP should aim for a deeper examination of its theoretical construct, especially in terms of regime and landscape. More quantitative or mixed-methods research could supplement the current dominating qualitative approaches by testing and validating qualitatively constructed theories and phenomena.