TY - CHAP A1 - Delke, Vincent A1 - Buchholz, Wolfgang A1 - Schiele, Holger T1 - Specifying roles in purchasing and supply management in the era of Industry 4.0: A Delphi study T2 - 28th EurOMA conference: Managing the “new normal”: The future of Operations and Supply Chain Management in unprecedented times N2 - New technologies and systems within the field of purchasing and supply management (PSM) call forth responsibilities and require expertise. Moving towards Industry 4.0 in purchasing, increasing attention on specialization within talent and skills, where human capital is needed to exploit the full potential of technologies. Based on an internet-based real-time Delhi study with 47 experts within the PSM field, six future purchasing roles have been defined and elaborated. These future roles connect to the maturing and emerging technologies within the purchasing field and provide a guideline to further develop towards Industry 4.0 in purchasing based on a human-centered evolutionary approach. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Delke, Vincent A1 - Karttunen, Elina A1 - Kelly, Stephen A1 - Stek, Klaas A1 - Tkáč, Michal T1 - Exploring Industry 4.0 Professional Roles and Skills within Purchasing and Supply Management T2 - 30th Annual IPSERA Conference 2021: Purchasing Innovation and Crisis Management N2 - Professional roles, including specific skills for each role, are a step towards higher professionalism and maturity within purchasing and supply management (PSM). The global development towards increasing digitalization, Industry 4.0, globalization, and increasing attention for corporate social responsibility force change within the purchasing organizations. Here, PSM's professional roles and skills are a good starting point to manage these changes by redefining professional roles organized by specific skills and responsibilities. For this reason, based on a systematic literature review and three World Cafés with 29 purchasing professionals, this study compiles a list of Industry 4.0 professional roles and skills in PSM. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Delke, Vincent A1 - Schiele, Holger A1 - Buchholz, Wolfgang A1 - Stek, Klaas T1 - Defining Industry 4.0 skills in purchasing and supply management T2 - 28th EurOMA conference: Managing the “new normal”: The future of Operations and Supply Chain Management in unprecedented times N2 - To increase maturity within purchasing and supply management (PSM), future purchasing skills are needed based on the technological development towards Industry 4.0. Past research, eg, the work of Bals, Schulze, Kelly, and Stek (2019), started to address this issue based on literature review and interview studies. However, a detailed description of these skills is missing. Utilizing a real-time Delhi study with 45 experts within the PSM field, nine future purchasing skills have been elaborated. Identified skills connect to the maturing and emerging technologies within purchasing and provide a guideline towards Industry 4.0 in purchasing based on a human-centric perspective. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kelly, Stephen A1 - Vangorp, Peter A1 - Meyer, Dennis A1 - Delke, Vincent T1 - A framework for implementing gamification in Purchasing and Supply Management education T2 - 30th Annual IPSERA Conference 2021: Purchasing Innovation and Crisis Management N2 - This paper uses the findings from a literature review and series of expert interviews to develop a richer and Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM) context-specific perspective of the different key techniques, tools and principles that can be used to develop gamified learning to enhance the skills required by PSM professionals in dealing with current and future challenges, such as the transformation to Industry 4.0. It also provides further details of the different stages of implementing gamified learning, which can enhance the success of any such provision. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiele, Holger A1 - Bos-Nehles, Anna A1 - Delke, Vincent A1 - Stegmaier, Peter A1 - Torn, Robbert-Jan T1 - Interpreting the Industry 4.0 future: technology, business, society and people JF - Journal of Business Strategy N2 - Purpose: Industrial revolutions have been induced by technological advances, but fundamentally changed business and society. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the fourth industrial revolution (I4.0) and derive guidelines for business strategy, it is, therefore, necessary to explore it as a multi-facet phenomenon. Most literature on I4.0, however, takes up a predominantly technical view. This paper aims to report on a project discussing a holistic view on I4.0 and its implications, covering technology, business, society and people. Design/methodology/approach: Two consecutive group discussions in form of academic world cafés have been conducted. The first workshop gathered multi-disciplinary experts from academia, whose results were further validated in a subsequent workshop including industry representatives. A voting procedure was used to capture participants perspectives. Findings: The paper develops a holistic I4.0 vision, focusing on five core technologies, their business potential, societal requests and people implications. Based on the model a checklist has been developed, which firms can use a tool to analyze their firm’s situation and draft their industry 4.0 business strategy. Originality/value: Rather than focusing on technology alone – which by itself is unlikely to make up for a revolution – this research integrates the entire system. In this way, a tool-set for strategy design results. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JBS-08-2020-0181 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz A1 - Rese, Alexandra A1 - Homfeldt, Felix A1 - Schiele, Holger A1 - Harms, Rainer A1 - Delke, Vincent T1 - Identifying Start-Up Partners: Which Search Practices and Combination Strategies are Effective? JF - International Journal of Innovation Management N2 - Start-ups are an important source of novel knowledge and product ideas for incumbents. We investigate which search strategies are positively related to the successful search for start-ups. We identify search instruments and their various uses: intensive or broad; stand-alone or combinatory. Finding 11 search practices in the literature, we evaluate how these practices were used by 97 respondents from a cross-industry and cross-national sample. Our results show that searching broadly and intensively is positively related to a successful search for start-ups and to firms’ radical innovation capability. Specific tools that are positively related to search success are online contacts, desk research, external scouting partners, and start-up pitch events. Decision tree analysis provides effective combinations of search practices that innovation managers and purchasing managers can use. Employing these search practice combinations, we make incumbents aware of the routines used in distant knowledge search. These practices are dynamic capabilities that help them to remain successful in high-velocity markets. In identifying these search practices, we contribute to the literature on innovation routines and dynamic capability research. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1363919621500808 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tip, Barbara A1 - Vos, Frederik G.S. A1 - Peters, Esmee A1 - Delke, Vincent T1 - A Kraljic and competitive rivalry perspective on hospital procurement during a pandemic (COVID-19): a Dutch case study JF - Journal of Public Procurement N2 - Purpose Procurement professionals widely use purchasing portfolio models to tailor purchasing strategies to different product groups’ needs. However, the application of these approaches in hospitals and the impact of a pandemic shock remain largely unknown. This paper aims to assess hospital purchasers’ procurement strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of factor-market rivalry (FMR) on strategies and the effectiveness of purchasing portfolio categorizations in this situation. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study of hospital purchasing in the Netherlands is supported by secondary data from official government publications. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 hospital purchasers at large hospitals. An interpretative approach is used to analyze the interviews and present the results. Findings The findings reveal that product scarcity forces purchasers to treat them as (temporary) bottleneck items at the hospital level. The strategies adopted largely aligned with expected behavior based on Kraljic’s commodity management model. Adding the FMR perspective to the model helped to further cluster crisis strategies into meaningful categories. Besides inventory management, increasing supply, reducing demand and increasing resource coordination were the other common strategies. An important finding is that purchasers and governments serve as gatekeepers in channeling FMR, thereby reducing potential harmful competition between and within hospitals. Social implications The devastating experience of the COVID-19 pandemic is unveiling critical weaknesses of public health-care provision in times of crisis. This study assesses the strategies hospital purchasers apply to counteract shortages in the supply chain. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of gatekeepers in times of crisis and present strategies purchasers can take to assure the supply of resources. Originality/value No research has been conducted on purchasing portfolio models and FMR implications for hospitals during pandemics. Therefore, the authors offer several insights: increasing the supply risk creates temporary bottleneck strategies, letting purchasers adopt a short-term perspective and emphasizing the high mobility of commodities in the Kraljic commodity matrix. Additionally, despite more collaboration uncovered in other studies regarding COVID-19, strong rivalry arose at the beginning of the pandemic, leading to increased competition and less collaboration. Given such increased FMR, procurement managers and governments become important gatekeepers to balance resource allocation during pandemics both within and between hospitals. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-11-2020-0081 ER -