TY  - RPRT
A1  - Nedaw, Dessie
A1  - Mathys, Werner
A1  - Gardemann, Joachim
A1  - Abdurahman, Mohammed A.
A1  - Mohn, Rainer
A1  - Kruse, Burkhardt
A1  - Herbst, Christian
T1  - Subsurface Micro-Reservoirs for Rural Water Supply in the Ethiopian Highlands - TAWI Tigray and Afar Water Initiative, Ethiopia
T2  - Landscape and sustainable Development Vol. 4
N2  - The Tigray and Afar Water Initiative (TAWI) is a collaboration between the Mekelle University (Ethiopia), the Muenster University of Applied Sciences (Germany) and the Westfalian Wilhelms-University Muenster (Germany). This special initiative is concerned with the rural water supply for the particularly water-scarce regional states of Tigray and Afar in the semi-arid north of Ethiopia. This paper describes a pilot project near the village of Koraro, Hawzen county in the Tigray region and deals with river reaches or creeks which carry water for short periods and only after the longer of two rainy seasons. When these waters run dry, water is still often to be found under the dry beds and is used casually by local people for agricultural purposes. An impermeable wall constructed as a subsurface dam to retain water in the ensuing subsurface micro-reservoir under the bed of such rivers could enable this usage to be intensified and hence enhance the water supply of small local user-groups, while at the same time positively influencing the landscape water balance. Here, the word micro refers to the fact that only the pores of the granular soil of an alluvial river bed are used to store water. Furthermore, storing water underground also avoids the danger of increasing the incidence of diseases such as malaria, a consequence of open water ponds.
N2  - In dem Projekt in Äthiopien, über das hier berichtet wird, geht es um die in der Regel trockenen Oberflächen-Fließgewässer, die nur kurze Zeit Wasser führen, und zwar nur nach länger anhaltenden Regenfällen in der längeren der beiden Regenzeiten (Juni-September). Hier wird über ein Pilotprojekt in der Nähe der Ortschaft Koraro, Kreis Hawzen, Region Tigray, berichtet. Im Untergrund dieser Gewässer ist häufig noch Wasser zu finden, das gelegentlich auch von Menschen zu landwirtschaftlichen Zwecken extensiv genutzt wird. Dichtwände im Untergrund der Gewässerläufe und die damit einhergehenden Micro-Reservoire können dazu dienen, diese Nutzung zu intensivieren und zusätzlich den Landschafts-Wasserhaushalt positiv zu beeinflussen. Die so aufgestauten unterirdischen Wasserspeicher sollen als kleine bzw. kleinste Anlagen dezentral die Versorgungslage kleiner, lokaler Bevölkerungsgruppen verbessern. Der Zusatz Micro- trägt der absoluten Größe der gespeicherten Volumina im Vergleich zu Talsperren Rechnung. Die Speicherung findet nur in den Poren des sandigen Gewässerbetts statt. Gleichzeitig vermeidet die unterirdische Speicherung die Gefahr einer Erhöhung der Inzidenzrate für beispielsweise Malaria, wie sie infolge von oberirdisch angelegten Speicherbecken nachgewiesen worden ist.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-5535
PB  - FH Münster
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Englert, Heike
A1  - Diehl, H.
A1  - Greenlaw, R.
A1  - Aldana, S.
T1  - The Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Glycemic Levels and Medication Intake:The Rockford CHIP
T2  - Dr. Oreste Capelli, Primary Care at a Glance - Hot Topics and New Insights
N2  - Introduction: The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the past 50 years has led to intense research, resulting in many improvements in treatment. At the same time, type 2 diabetes, with its concomitant increase in vascular complications, has become a serious, exploding and costly public health concern . Diabetes now affects 285 million adults worldwide and 344 million with pre-diabetes. Of these, 25.8 million diabetics and 79 million pre-diabetics are found in the United States alone.The current cost of diabetes in the US is likely to exceed the $174 billion estimate, which includes 2/3 for direct medical costs and 1/3 for indirect costs, such as disability, work loss, and premature death, but omits the social cost of intangibles (e.g. pain, suffering, lower quality of life). The diabetes epidemic has been accompanied by a similarly drastic increase in obesity. Although the relationship between the two developments is a matter of debate, both are presumably caused by changes in dietary habits and an increasingly sedentary modern lifestyle . Compelling evidence has shown that lifestyle changes can effectively prevent or delay the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Because individuals at risk for this disease can usually be identified during the pre-diabetic phase of impaired glucose tolerance, early intervention and lifestyle change offer a logical approach to preventing this disease and its devastating vascular complications. Additionally, community-based lifestyle interventions for high risk groups and for the general population are a cost-effective way of curbing the growing burden of the disease. Solidifying the scientific basis for the prevention, treatment and control of this disease and its implementation on a national level, however, remains a difficult challenge. Moreresearch is needed to provide comprehensive and more effective strategies for weight-loss,especially over time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify diabetics and those at risk (prediabetics) out of the total cohort of 1,517 who selected themselves into an intensive community-based lifestyle intervention program, and to assess its clinical efficacy ineffecting medication status as determined and managed by their personal physicians.
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 979-953-307-556-2
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.25974/fhms-571
SP  - 323
EP  - 336
PB  - InTech
CY  - Rijeka, Rumänien
ER  -