TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Gallinat, Christina A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Appearance-related concerns in individuals with Pathological Skin Picking - A comparison with individuals with dermatological conditions and skin-healthy controls JF - Frontiers in Medicine N2 - Pathological Skin Picking (PSP) is an excessive behavior which characterizes Skin Picking Disorder. Individuals repeatedly pick their skin and cause skin lesions, but are unable to control the behavior, which can cause severe distress. Visible self-inflicted skin lesions can additionally affect individuals with PSP due to emerging appearance-related concerns. However, these concerns and their role in PSP have hardly been studied, especially not in comparison with individuals with dermatological conditions and skin-healthy controls. The present cross-sectional study (n=453, 83.9% female, 15.9% male, 0.2% diverse) aimed at analyzing appearance-related concerns and mental health outcomes between four groups: Individuals with PSP and dermatological conditions (SP/DC; n=83), PSP without dermatological conditions (SP; n=56), dermatological conditions without PSP (DC; n=176) and skin-healthy controls (SH, n=138). We compared questionnaire data on dysmorphic concerns, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and body dysmorphic symptoms, as well as PSP-symptoms and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) between groups. The analyses showed a significant multivariate group effect in the appearance-related variables, F(6, 896)=19.92, Wilks’ Λ=0.78, p<.001, and mental health outcomes, F(6, 896)=16.24, Wilks’ Λ=0.81, p<.001. The SP/DC group had the strongest appearance-related concerns and mental health impairments, followed by the SP group, the DC group and the SH group. The SP/DC group and SP group only differed significantly with regard to dysmorphic concerns, but not in other variables. The DC group was less affected but still showed higher dysmorphic concerns and mental health impairments than skin-healthy controls. In contrast to the PSP groups, the other two groups did not exceed clinically relevant cut-off scores. The present study shows that individuals with PSP exhibit strong appearance-related concerns, regardless of the presence or absence of underlying or comorbid dermatological conditions. These findings shed new light on the importance of appearance-related concerns in skin picking disorder and the role of PSP as a potentially overlooked risk factor in dermatological patients. Therefore, appearance-related concerns should be explicitly addressed in dermatological and psychotherapeutic settings. Future studies should also include longitudinal and experimental analyses to more clearly classify the role of appearance-related concerns in the etiology of PSP and skin picking disorder. KW - Skin Picking KW - Dermatillomanie KW - Appearance-concerns KW - body image Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1075743 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1075743 VL - 10 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Martin, Alexandra A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer T1 - Biofeedback und Neurofeedback N2 - Biofeedback beschreibt eine technikbasierte verhaltenstherapeutische Methode, bei der objektiv messbare Biosignale erfasst und an Patientinnen und Patienten zurückgemeldet werden, um sie zur Selbstregulation von Krankheitssymptomen zu befähigen. Eingesetzt werden kann die Methode bei verschiedenen somatischen und psychischen Störungen, z. B. zur Verringerung muskulärer Verspannungen bei Schmerzstörungen, zur Verengung von Blutgefäßen bei Migräne, zur Steigerung der mit Aufmerksamkeit assoziierten Gehirnaktivität bei ADHS oder zur Verbesserung der allgemeinen Entspannungsfähigkeit. Dieses Buch beschreibt die wissenschaftlichen und psychophysiologischen Hintergründe von Biofeedback und der spezifischen Variante des Neurofeedback, welches auf der Messung der Gehirnaktivität beruht. Neben den angenommenen Wirkmechanismen und vielfältigen Varianten des Biofeedbacks auf Basis unterschiedlicher Biosignale und Körpersysteme, z. B. Herz-Kreislauf-System, Muskelsystem, autonomes und zentrales Nervensystem, wird die zugrunde liegende Messtechnik erklärt. Zusätzlich werden der typische Aufbau von Biofeedback-Sitzungen, die zugehörige Diagnostik sowie Standardprotokolle dargestellt. Das Vorgehen wird anhand von Fallbeispielen verschiedener Störungsbilder veranschaulicht. Erläuterungen zu typischen Anwendungsproblemen sollen ebenso zum Einsatz dieser vielseitigen Methode in der therapeutischen Praxis motivieren, wie der ausführliche Überblick über die aktuelle Evidenz für Biofeedback. Das Buch ist damit eine Bereicherung für therapeutisch arbeitende Personen, die dieses auf objektiven Messungen basierende Verfahren einsetzen wollen, um ihr Behandlungsspektrum zu erweitern. KW - Biofeedback KW - Neurofeedback Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8017-2229-6 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Appearance teasing and mental health: Gender differences and mediation effects of appearance-based rejection sensitivity and dysmorphic concerns JF - Frontiers in Psychology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00579 VL - 10 SP - 579 EP - 579 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - The influence of physiological and psychological learning mechanisms in neurofeedback vs. mental imagery against binge eating JF - Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09486-9 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 293 EP - 305 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gallinat, Christina A1 - Martin, Alexandra A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer T1 - Dermatillomanie: Symptomatik, Ätiologie und Therapie des pathologischen Bearbeitens der Haut JF - Psychotherapeut Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00278-020-00437-7 VL - 65 SP - 313 EP - 328 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Du magst mich nicht, weil ich hässlich bin! Aussehensbezogene Zurückweisungssensitivität und Validierung der deutschsprachigen Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity-Scale (ARS-D) JF - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Y1 - 2017 SN - 1616-3443 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 157 EP - 168 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback in der klinischen Praxis: Grundlagen, Anwendung und Evidenz auf Basis eines systematischen Reviews JF - Psychotherapeut Y1 - 2017 SN - 0935-6185 VL - 62 IS - 6 SP - 498 EP - 506 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - „Smile away your cravings” – Facial feedback modulates cue-induced food cravings JF - Appetite Y1 - 2017 SN - 0195-6663 VL - 116 SP - 536 EP - 543 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martin, Alexandra A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer T1 - Biofeedback T2 - Lehrbuch der Psychotherapie. Bd.3: Verhaltenstherapie. 2. überarbeitete und erweiterte Neuauflage / Hrsg. Eric Leibing, Wolfgang Hiller, Serge K. D. Sulz Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-86294-071-4 SP - 163 EP - 170 PB - Psychosozial-Verlag CY - Gießen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martin, Alexandra A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer T1 - Biofeedback T2 - Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences / Hrsg. Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Todd K. Shackelford Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-28099-8 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1282-1 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blume, Marie A1 - Schmidt, Ricarda A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra A1 - Hilbert, Anja T1 - EEG Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Adults with Binge-Eating Disorder: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study JF - Neurotherapeutics N2 - Specific alterations in electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain activity have recently been linked to binge-eating disorder (BED), generating interest in treatment options targeting these neuronal processes. This randomized-controlled pilot study examined the effectiveness and feasibility of two EEG neurofeedback paradigms in the reduction of binge eating, eating disorder and general psychopathology, executive functioning, and EEG activity. Adults with BED and overweight (N = 39) were randomly assigned to either a food-specific EEG neurofeedback paradigm, aiming at reducing fronto-central beta activity and enhancing theta activity after viewing highly palatable food pictures, or a general EEG neurofeedback paradigm training the regulation of slow cortical potentials. In both conditions, the study design included a waiting period of 6 weeks, followed by 6 weeks EEG neurofeedback (10 sessions à 30 min) and a 3-month follow-up period. Both EEG neurofeedback paradigms significantly reduced objective binge-eating episodes, global eating disorder psychopathology, and food craving. Approximately one third of participants achieved abstinence from objective binge-eating episodes after treatment without any differences between treatments. These results were stable at 3-month follow-up. Among six measured executive functions, only decision making improved at posttreatment in both paradigms, and cognitive flexibility was significantly improved after food-specific neurofeedback only. Both EEG neurofeedback paradigms were equally successful in reducing relative beta and enhancing relative theta power over fronto-central regions. The results highlight EEG neurofeedback as a promising treatment option for individuals with BED. Future studies in larger samples are needed to determine efficacy and treatment mechanisms. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13311-021-01149-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Smartphone-Apps zur Verbesserung der Körperzufriedenheit? Ergebnisse einer randomisierten kontrollierten Pilotstudie zur mobilen „attention-bias modification“ JF - Psychotherapeut Y1 - 2021 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00278-021-00517-2 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00278-021-00517-2 VL - 66 SP - 306 EP - 313 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Opwis, Mareile A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra A1 - Salewski, Christel T1 - Gender differences in eating behavior and eating pathology: The mediating role of rumination JF - Appetite Y1 - 2017 SN - 0195-6663 VL - 110 SP - 103 EP - 107 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Neurofeedback reduces overeating episodes in female restrained eaters - A randomized controlled pilot-study JF - Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Y1 - 2015 SN - 1090-0586 VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 283 EP - 295 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Neurofeedback against binge eating – A randomized controlled trial in a female subclinical threshold sample JF - European Eating Disorders Review Y1 - 2016 SN - 1072-4133 VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 406 EP - 416 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Biofeedback T2 - Psychosomatik - neurobiologisch fundiert und evidenzbasiert / Hrsg. Ulrich T. Egle, Christine Heim, Bernhard Strauß, Roland von Känel Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-17-030663-9 SP - 743 EP - 750 PB - Kohlhammer CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gitzen, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Jennifer A1 - Martin, Alexandra T1 - Subjective and physiological reactivity to emotional stressors in somatic symptom disorder JF - International Journal of Psychophysiology N2 - Objective: We examined whether autonomic flexibility to experimentally presented stressors is reduced in somatic symptom disorder (SSD) as this would point to reduced vagal control as a proposed indicator of emotion regulation deficits. Method: In this experimental study, the influence of health-related and social stressors on subjective and physiological reactivity was investigated in 29 subjects with SSD without any medical condition SSD(mc−), 33 subjects with SSD with medical condition SSD(mc+) and 32 healthy controls at the age from 18 to 70 years. Self-report and physiological variables were measured before and after/during stressor exposure, using state ratings of symptom intensity, disability, tension and mood, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV). Results: Overall, the tension increased and the mood worsened after exposure to stressors compared to pre-exposure. Compared to HC, the two SSD groups showed higher symptom intensity, disability, tension and worse mood. The SSD(mc−) group revealed higher HR than HC (p = .012, d = −0.77). Compared to pre-exposure, symptom impairment increased after social stressor exposure in SSD(mc−) (p < .001, d = 1.36). HRV-root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) only decreased in HC during exposure (p = .003, d = −1.09), not in the SSD groups. The two SSD groups did not differ in their reactivity to stressors. Conclusion: HRV in SSD, seems to respond less flexibly to stressors, potentially reflecting overall physiological disturbance through reduced parasympathetic influence on HR. Stress reactivity in SSD(mc−) and SSD(mc+) do not seem to differ. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112273 VL - 2024 IS - 195 SP - 112273 EP - 112273 ER -