TY - CHAP A1 - Kaspereit, Jonas A1 - Öndarö, Gurur A1 - Luvizotto Cesar, Gustavo A1 - Ebbers, Simon A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Jonker, Mattijs A1 - Holz, Ralph A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - LanDscAPe: Exploring LDAP Weaknesses and Data Leaks at Internet Scale T2 - 33rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 24) N2 - The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is the standard technology to query information stored in directories. These directories can contain sensitive personal data such as usernames, email addresses, and passwords. LDAP is also used as a central, organization-wide storage of configuration data for other services. Hence, it is important to the security posture of many organizations, not least because it is also at the core of Microsoft’s Active Directory, and other identity management and authentication services. We report on a large-scale security analysis of deployed LDAP servers on the Internet. We developed LanDscAPe, a scanning tool that analyzes security-relevant misconfigurations of LDAP servers and the security of their TLS configurations. Our Internet-wide analysis revealed more than 10k servers that appear susceptible to a range of threats, including insecure configurations, deprecated software with known vulnerabilities, and insecure TLS setups. 4.9k LDAP servers host personal data, and 1.8k even leak passwords. We document, classify, and discuss these and briefly describe our notification campaign to address these concerning issues. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-181577 UR - https://www.usenix.org/system/files/usenixsecurity24-kaspereit.pdf SN - 978-1-939133-44-1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - KIM: Kaos In der Medizin T2 - Sicherheit, Schutz und Zuverlässigkeit: Konferenzband der 12. Jahrestagung des Fachbereichs Sicherheit der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI) N2 - Die sichere E-Mail-Infrastruktur für Ärzt*innen, Apotheker*innen, Krankenversicherungen und Kliniken in Deutschland, KIM - Kommunikation im Gesundheitswesen - ist mit über 200 Millionen E-Mails in den vergangenen zwei Jahren eine der am meisten genutzten Anwendungen in der Telematikinfrastruktur. Mit dem Ausgeben von S/MIME-Zertifikaten für alle medizinische Beteiligten in Deutschland verspricht KIM sichere Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung von E-Mails zwischen Heilberufler*innen in ganz Deutschland. In diesem Paper analysieren wir die KIM-Spezifikation sowie eine beispielhafte KIM-Installation in einer deutschen Zahnarztpraxis. Wir zeigen, dass KIM kryptografisch ein sehr hohes Sicherheitslevel erfüllt, doch in der Verarbeitung der E-Mails bei den Clients eine schwerwiegende Sicherheitslücke besteht. Weiterhin zeigen wir zwei Sicherheitslücken in dem KIM-Verarbeitungsmodul eines großen deutschen Unternehmens für medizinische Software. Diese Defizite zeigen außerdem Mängel in dem verpflichtenden Zulassungsprozess der KIM-Komponenten auf. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-178072 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pogorzelski, Jens A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Homrighausen, Jonas A1 - Stiegekötter, Dennis A1 - Gregor, Markus A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Compact and Fully Integrated LED Quantum Sensor Based on NV Centers in Diamond JF - Compact and Fully Integrated LED Quantum Sensor Based on NV Centers in Diamond N2 - Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nano or microcrystals is a promising technology for sensitive, integrated magnetic-field sensors. Currently, this technology is still cost-intensive and mainly found in research. Here we propose one of the smallest fully integrated quantum sensors to date based on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond microcrystals. It is an extremely cost-effective device that integrates a pump light source, photodiode, microwave antenna, filtering and fluorescence detection. Thus, the sensor offers an all-electric interface without the need to adjust or connect optical components. A sensitivity of 28.32nT/Hz−−−√ and a theoretical shot noise limited sensitivity of 2.87 nT/Hz−−−√ is reached. Since only generally available parts were used, the sensor can be easily produced in a small series. The form factor of (6.9 × 3.9 × 15.9) mm3 combined with the integration level is the smallest fully integrated NV-based sensor proposed so far. With a power consumption of around 0.1W, this sensor becomes interesting for a wide range of stationary and handheld systems. This development paves the way for the wide usage of quantum magnetometers in non-laboratory environments and technical applications. KW - Diamond Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-175692 VL - 2024 IS - 24(3) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völker, Timo A1 - Tüxen, Michael T1 - Packet Too Big Detection and its Integration into QUIC T2 - 2023 16th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication System (ICSPCS) N2 - A communication over an Internet Protocol (IP) based network fails if an endpoint sends packets that are too big to reach their destination and if the sender is unable to detect that. The node on the path that drops these packets should respond with a Packet Too Big (PTB) message. However, multiple scenarios exist in which the sender will not receive a PTB message. Even if it does, it refrains from using the information in case it suspects that a potential attacker forged the message. In particular, we are not aware of any implementation of the secure transport protocol QUIC (e.g., used by HTTP/3) that processes PTB messages. In this paper, we present a novel parameterizable PTB detection algorithm for reliable transport protocols that does not depend on PTB messages. We further describe how to integrate our algorithm into QUIC, present results from an evaluation using the algorithm within a QUIC simulation model and, based on these results, suggest concrete parameter values. KW - PMTUD KW - PTB KW - black hole KW - transport protocol KW - QUIC Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-174119 SN - 979-8-3503-3351-0 PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fairhurst, Gorry A1 - Jones, Tom A1 - Tüxen, Michael A1 - Rüngeler, Irene A1 - Völker, Timo T1 - Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery for Datagram Transports Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8899 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/RFC8899 PB - IETF ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Salewski, Falk A1 - Bodenburg, Sven A1 - Malechka, Tatsiana ED - Jäkel, Jens ED - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Schwarz, Jens André T1 - Durchgängige Digitalisierung industrieller Abläufe am Beispiel der Modellfabrik der FH Münster T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2023 - Mit Automatisierung gegen den Klimawandel N2 - Die Modellfabrik der FH Münster erlaubt durch den Umfang und die Komplexität der enthaltenen Automatisierungsaufgaben sowie einen Aufbau aus industriellen Komponenten eine praxisnahe Lehre im Bereich aktueller Anlagenautomatisierung und darüber hinausgehenden Funktionen im Sinne einer durchgängigen Digitalisierung. Die verwendete Unterscheidung der durchgängigen Digitalisierung in horizontale und vertikale Verknüpfungen wird veranschaulicht. Aufbauend auf Erfahrungen mit der Vorgängeranlage werden Neuerungen der 2021 aufgebauten neuen Modellfabrik vorgestellt. Neuerungen umfassen insbesondere die Modularisierung der Anlage, das umgesetzte Sicherheitskonzept, einen Webshop mit Onlinekonfigurator, eine Webvisualiserung des Anlagenzustandes inklusive der Energieverbräuche, sowie Möglichkeiten zur virtuellen Inbetriebnahme. Weiterhin wird das aktuelle Konzept zur Erweiterung der horizontalen digitalen Durchgängigkeit mittels der Einbindung eines autonomen mobilen Roboters in die Modellfabrik vorgestellt. KW - Modellfabrik, Industrie 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Durchgängige Digitalisierung, Autonomer mobiler Roboter, Lehre Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:l189-qucosa2-839648 SN - 978-3-910103-01-6 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.33968/2023.44 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Löchte, Andre A1 - Rojas Ruiz, Ignacio A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Battery State Estimation with ANN and SVR Evaluating Electrochemical Impedance Spectra Generalizing DC Currents JF - Applied Sciences N2 - The demand for energy storage is increasing massively due to the electrification of transport and the expansion of renewable energies. Current battery technologies cannot satisfy this growing demand as they are difficult to recycle, as the necessary raw materials are mined under precarious conditions, and as the energy density is insufficient. Metal–air batteries offer a high energy density as there is only one active mass inside the cell and the cathodic reaction uses the ambient air. Various metals can be used, but zinc is very promising due to its disposability and non-toxic behavior, and as operation as a secondary cell is possible. Typical characteristics of zinc–air batteries are flat charge and discharge curves. On the one hand, this is an advantage for the subsequent power electronics, which can be optimized for smaller and constant voltage ranges. On the other hand, the state determination of the system becomes more complex, as the voltage level is not sufficient to determine the state of the battery. In this context, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a promising candidate as the resulting impedance spectra depend on the state of charge, working point, state of aging, and temperature. Previous approaches require a fixed operating state of the cell while impedance measurements are being performed. In this publication, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is therefore combined with various machine learning techniques to also determine successfully the state of charge during charging of the cell at non-fixed charging currents. Keywords: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; artificial neural networks; support vector regression; zinc-air battery; state estimation; state of charge KW - Battery State Estimation Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-84-1117-173-1 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010274 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 275 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Homrighausen, Jonas A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Pogorzelski, Jens A1 - Trinschek, Sarah A1 - Glösekötter, Peter A1 - Gregor, Markus T1 - Edge-Machine-Learning-Assisted Robust Magnetometer Based on Randomly Oriented NV-Ensembles in Diamond JF - Sensors N2 - Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in nano- or micro-diamonds is a promising technology for precise magnetic-field sensors. Here, we propose a new, low-cost and stand-alone sensor setup that employs machine learning on an embedded device, so-called edge machine learning. We train an artificial neural network with data acquired from a continuous-wave ODMR setup and subsequently use this pre-trained network on the sensor device to deduce the magnitude of the magnetic field from recorded ODMR spectra. In our proposed sensor setup, a low-cost and low-power ESP32 microcontroller development board is employed to control data recording and perform inference of the network. In a proof-of-concept study, we show that the setup is capable of measuring magnetic fields with high precision and has the potential to enable robust and accessible sensor applications with a wide measuring range. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1119 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031119 VL - 23 IS - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayer, Peter A1 - Poddebniak, Damian A1 - Fischer, Konstantin A1 - Brinkmann, Marcus A1 - Somorovsky, Juraj A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Volkamer, Melanie T1 - "I don’t know why I check this...'' - Investigating Expert Users' Strategies to Detect Email Signature Spoofing Attacks T2 - Eighteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2022) N2 - OpenPGP is one of the two major standards for end-to-end email security. Several studies showed that serious usability issues exist with tools implementing this standard. However, a widespread assumption is that expert users can handle these tools and detect signature spoofing attacks. We present a user study investigating expert users' strategies to detect signature spoofing attacks in Thunderbird. We observed 25 expert users while they classified eight emails as either having a legitimate signature or not. Studying expert users explicitly gives us an upper bound of attack detection rates of all users dealing with PGP signatures. 52% of participants fell for at least one out of four signature spoofing attacks. Overall, participants did not have an established strategy for evaluating email signature legitimacy. We observed our participants apply 23 different types of checks when inspecting signed emails, but only 8 of these checks tended to be useful in identifying the spoofed or invalid signatures. In performing their checks, participants were frequently startled, confused, or annoyed with the user interface, which they found supported them little. All these results paint a clear picture: Even expert users struggle to verify email signatures, usability issues in email security are not limited to novice users, and developers may need proper guidance on implementing email signature GUIs correctly. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.usenix.org/conference/soups2022/presentation/mayer SN - 978-1-939133-30-4 SP - 77 EP - 96 PB - USENIX Association CY - Boston, MA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Löchte, Andre A1 - Thranow, Jan-Ole A1 - Winters, Felix A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Analysis of switching electronics for metal-air batterie T2 - ICECET, Prag N2 - The subject of this paper is the analysis of various switching electronics for batteries with separate electrodes for charging and discharging. The aim is to find a switching method that is energy-efficient on the one hand, but also economically viable on the other. Both relays and MOSFETs are suitable for switching between the electrodes. Both variants have advantages and disadvantages. The results show that a solution with MOSFETs is generally more energy-efficient, but requires a large number of cycles to be economically viable compared to the relay. KW - Analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICECET55527.2022.9872910 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Gierlings, Matthias A1 - Noss, Dominik A1 - Schimmler, Sascha A1 - Klemm, Alexander A1 - Grundmann, Leif A1 - Frosch, Tilman A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - Sicherheit medizintechnischer Protokolle im Krankenhaus T2 - SICHERHEIT 2022. Hrsg. Christian Wressnegger, Delphine Reinhardt, Thomas Barber, Bernhard C. Witt, Daniel Arp, Zoltan Mann N2 - Medizinische Einrichtungen waren in den letzten Jahren immer wieder von Cyber-Angriffen betroffen. Auch wenn sich diese Angriffe derzeit auf die Office-IT-Infrastruktur der Einrichtungen konzentrieren, existiert mit medizinischen Systemen und Kommunikationsprotokollen eine weitere wenig beachtete Angriffsoberfläche. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir die weit verbreiteten medizintechnischen Kommunikations-Protokolle DICOM und HL7 sowie Protokoll-Implementierungen auf ihre IT-Sicherheit. Dafür präsentieren wir die Ergebnisse der Sicherheitsanalyse der DICOM- und HL7-Standards, einen Fuzzer “MedFUZZ” für diese Protokolle sowie einen Schwachstellenscanner “MedVAS”, der Schwachstellen in medizintechnischen Produktivumgebungen auffinden kann. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-150072 SN - 978-3-88579-717-3 SN - 1617-5468 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völker, Timo A1 - Volodina, Ekaterina A1 - Tüxen, Michael A1 - Rathgeb, Erwin Paul T1 - A QUIC Simulation Model for INET and its Application to the Acknowledgment Ratio Issue T2 - 2020 IFIP Networking Conference N2 - Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) is a novel transport protocol introducing known features in a new protocol design. To investigate these features and the design, we developed a QUIC implementation in the INET simulation model suite. In this paper, we describe that implementation, its validation and a result achieved using the simulation model. The result shows the negative impact on throughput, when raising the acknowledgment ratio. We propose a solution and describe how it solves the issue. KW - QUIC KW - INET OMNeT++ KW - Protocol Simulation KW - Transport Protocol KW - Ack Ratio Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-149662 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9142723 SN - 978-3-903176-28-7 SP - 737 EP - 742 PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völker, Timo A1 - Tüxen, Michael A1 - Rathgeb, Erwin Paul T1 - The Search of the Path MTU with QUIC T2 - Proceedings of the 2021 Workshop on Evolution, Performance and Interoperability of QUIC N2 - A data sender in an IP based network is only capable to efficiently use a network path if it knows the packet size limit of the path, i.e., the Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU). The IETF recently specified a PMTU discovery framework for transport protocols like QUIC. This paper complements this specification by presenting a search algorithm. In addition, it defines several metrics and shows results of analyses for the algorithm with various PMTU candidate sequences using these metrics. We integrated the PMTU discovery with our algorithm into a QUIC simulation model. This paper describes the integration and presents measurements obtained by simulations. KW - Path MTU Discovery KW - Search Algorithm KW - Simulation KW - Transport Protocol KW - QUIC Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-149656 SN - 9781450391351 SP - 22 EP - 28 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rörup, Tim A1 - Glösekötter, Peter A1 - Pomares, Hector A1 - Ruiz, Ignacio T1 - Deep Learning Based Neural Network for Six-Class-Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Stages Based on MRI Images T2 - IWANN2021 N2 - State of the art classifiers split Alzheimer’s disease progression into a limited number of stages and use a comparatively small database. For the best treatment, it is desirable to have the highest resolution from the progression of the disease. This paper proposes a reliable deep convolutional neural network for the classification of six different Alzheimer’s disease stages based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The peculiarity of this paper is the introduction of a new, sixth, disease stage, and the large amount of data that has been taken into account. Additionally, not only the testing accuracy is analyzed, but also the robustness of the classifier to have feedback on how certain the neural network makes its predictions. KW - Deep Learning Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85030-2_1 SP - 3 EP - 14 PB - Springer International Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gómez Zuluaga, Mauricio Andrés A1 - Ordikhani, Ahmad A1 - Bauer, Christoph A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Development and implementation of a neural network-based abnormal state prediction system for a piston pump T2 - IWANN2021 N2 - Piston pumps play a key role in factory automation and their availability is very critical for the smooth running of production processes. Modern installations, such as production plants and machines, are becoming increasingly complex. Therefore, the probability of a complete system failure due to a single critical component also increases. Maintenance processes with intelligent devices are therefore very important to achieve maximum economic efficiency and safety. Periodic or continuous monitoring of system components provides key information about the current physical state of the system, enabling early detection of emerging failures. Knowledge of future failures makes it possible to move from the concept of preventive maintenance to intelligent predictive maintenance. In this way, consequential damage and complete system failure can be avoided, maximizing system availability and safety. This paper reflects the development and implementation of a neural network system for abnormal state prediction of piston pumps. After a short introduction into piston pumps and their potential abnormal states, statistical and periodical analysis are presented. Then the design and implementation of suitable neural networks are discussed. Finally, a conclusion is drawn and the observed accuracies as well as potential next steps are discussed. KW - Development and implementation Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-85029-6 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85030-2_24 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Willing, Markus A1 - Dresen, Christian A1 - Gerlitz, Eva A1 - Haering, Maximilian A1 - Smith, Matthew A1 - Binnewies, Carmen A1 - Guess, Tim A1 - Haverkamp, Uwe A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - Behavioral responses to a cyber attack in a hospital environment JF - Nature -- Scientific Reports N2 - Technical and organizational steps are necessary to mitigate cyber threats and reduce risks. Human behavior is the last line of defense for many hospitals and is considered as equally important as technical security. Medical staff must be properly trained to perform such procedures. This paper presents the first qualitative, interdisciplinary research on how members of an intermediate care unit react to a cyberattack against their patient monitoring equipment. We conducted a simulation in a hospital training environment with 20 intensive care nurses. By the end of the experiment, 12 of the 20 participants realized the monitors’ incorrect behavior. We present a qualitative behavior analysis of high performing participants (HPP) and low performing participants (LPP). The HPP showed fewer signs of stress, were easier on their colleagues, and used analog systems more often than the LPP. With 40% of our participants not recognizing the attack, we see room for improvements through the use of proper tools and provision of adequate training to prepare staff for potential attacks in the future. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98576-7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Willing, Markus A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Rath, Benjamin A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Eckardt, Lars A1 - Köbe, Julia T1 - Experiences with General Data Protection Regulations and Remote Monitoring of Implantable Rhythm Devices T2 - 87. Jahrestagung der Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz‑ und Kreislauforschung e.V Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-021-01843-w PB - Springer-Verlag GmbH ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ebbers, Simon A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - Grand Theft App: Digital Forensics of Vehicle Assistant Apps T2 - ARES 2021: The 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security N2 - Due to the increasing connectivity of modern vehicles, collected data is no longer only stored in the vehicle itself but also transmitted to car manufacturers and vehicle assistant apps. This development opens up new possibilities for digital forensics in criminal investigations involving modern vehicles. This paper deals with the digital forensic analysis of vehicle assistant apps of eight car manufacturers. We reconstruct the driver’s activities based on the data stored on the smartphones and in the manufacturer’s backend. For this purpose, data of the Android and iOS apps of the car manufacturers Audi, BMW, Ford, Mercedes, Opel, Seat, Tesla, and Volkswagen were extracted from the smartphone and examined using digital forensic methods following forensics guidelines. Additionally, manufacturer data was retrieved using Subject Access Requests. Using the extensive data gathered, we reconstruct trips and refueling processes, determine parking positions and duration, and track the locking and unlocking of the vehicle. Our findings show that the digital forensic investigation of smartphone applications is a useful addition to vehicle forensics and should therefore be taken into account in the strategic preparation of future digital forensic investigations. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-139031 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Puschner, Endres A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Willing, Markus A1 - Dresen, Christian A1 - Köbe, Julia A1 - Rath, Benjamin A1 - Paar, Christof A1 - Eckardt, Lars A1 - Haverkamp, Uwe A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - Listen to Your Heart: Evaluation of the Cardiologic Ecosystem T2 - ARES 2021: The 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security N2 - Modern implantable cardiologic devices communicate via radio frequency techniques and nearby gateways to a backend server on the internet. Those implanted devices, gateways, and servers form an ecosystem of proprietary hardware and protocols that process sensitive medical data and is often vital for patients’ health. This paper analyzes the security of this Ecosystem, from technical gateway aspects, via the programmer, to configure the implanted device, up to the processing of personal medical data from large cardiological device producers. Based on a real-world attacker model, we evaluated different devices and found several severe vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we could purchase a fully functional programmer for implantable cardiological devices, allowing us to re-program such devices or even induce electric shocks on untampered implanted devices. Additionally, we sent several Art. 15 and Art. 20 GDPR inquiries to manufacturers of implantable cardiologic devices, revealing non-conforming processes and a lack of awareness about patients’ rights and companies’ obligations. This, and the fact that many vulnerabilities are still to be found after many vulnerability disclosures in recent years, present a worrying security state of the whole ecosystem. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-139012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brinkmann, Marcus A1 - Dresen, Christian A1 - Merget, Robert A1 - Poddebniak, Damian A1 - Müller, Jens A1 - Somorovsky, Juraj A1 - Schwenk, Jörg A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - ALPACA: Application Layer Protocol Confusion - Analyzing and Mitigating Cracks in TLS Authentication JF - 30th USENIX Security Symposium Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity21/presentation/brinkmann ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Poddebniak, Damian A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Böck, Hanno A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - Why TLS is better without STARTTLS: A Security Analysis of STARTTLS in the Email Context T2 - Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium, August 11–13, 2021 N2 - TLS is one of today's most widely used and best-analyzed encryption technologies. However, for historical reasons, TLS for email protocols is often not used directly but negotiated via STARTTLS. This additional negotiation adds complexity and was prone to security vulnerabilities such as naive STARTTLS stripping or command injection attacks in the past. We perform the first structured analysis of STARTTLS in SMTP, POP3, and IMAP and introduce EAST, a semi-automatic testing toolkit with more than 100 test cases covering a wide range of variants of STARTTLS stripping, command and response injections, tampering attacks, and UI spoofing attacks for email protocols. Our analysis focuses on the confidentiality and integrity of email submission (email client to SMTP server) and email retrieval (email client to POP3 or IMAP server). While some of our findings are also relevant for email transport (from one SMTP server to another), the security implications in email submission and retrieval are more critical because these connections involve not only individual email messages but also user credentials that allow access to a user's email archive. We used EAST to analyze 28 email clients and 23 servers. In total, we reported over 40 STARTTLS issues, some of which allow mailbox spoofing, credential stealing, and even the hosting of HTTPS with a cross-protocol attack on IMAP. We conducted an Internet-wide scan for the particularly dangerous command injection attack and found that 320.000 email servers (2% of all email servers) are affected. Surprisingly, several clients were vulnerable to STARTTLS stripping attacks. In total, only 3 out of 28 clients did not show any STARTTLS-specific security issues. Even though the command injection attack received multiple CVEs in the past, EAST detected eight new instances of this problem. In total, only 7 out of 23 tested servers were never affected by this issue. We conclude that STARTTLS is error-prone to implement, under-specified in the standards, and should be avoided. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity21/presentation/poddebniak SN - 978-1-939133-24-3 VL - 2021 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Poppe, Martin ED - Grote und Hefazi, Karl-Heinrich und Hamid T1 - Electrical Engineering T2 - Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering / editors Karl-Heinrich Grote, Hamid Hefazi N2 - In this chapter, fundamental properties of charged objects are discussed. It is shown how they may be used to design and use capacitors, resistors and inductors. Function and the usage of bipolar and MOS semiconductor devices are presented. The chapter is concluded by a discussion of DC and AC networks KW - Networks KW - semiconductor devices Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-47034-0 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47035-7 SP - 1167 EP - 1221 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Poppe, Martin T1 - Grundkurs Theoretische Elektrotechnik N2 - Dieses Buch erklärt, warum es verschiedene Varianten der Maxwell’schen Gleichungen gibt und was genau die physikalische Bedeutung der in ihnen vorkommenden Größen ist. Gezeigt wird ferner, wie sich die Bestimmungsgleichungen für statische elektrische und magnetische Potenziale aus den Maxwell’schen Gleichungen ergeben. Dabei ist die Rolle der dem Feld ausgesetzter Materie immer von Anfang an integraler Bestandteil der Diskussion. Multipolentwicklungen werden begründet und hergeleitet. Ferner wird dargelegt, welches Vereinfachungspotenzial in der Formulierung der dynamischen Theorie als Eichfeldtheorie liegt. Die Gesetze der Optik werden aus denen der Elektrodynamik hergeleitet. Für quasi-stationäre Rechnungen werden Begründungen geliefert, Grenzen formuliert und technische Gegenbeispiele gezeigt. Am Schluss wird auf weiterführende Literatur hingewiesen. KW - Theoretische Elektrotechnik Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-662-61913-1 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61914-8 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wansing, Christian A1 - Banos, Oresti A1 - Pomares, Hector A1 - Glösekötter, Peter A1 - Rojas Ruiz, Ignacio ED - Junta de Andalucia Project P12-TIC-2082., Conference Paper T1 - Development of a platform for the exchange of biodatasets with integrated opportunities for artificial intelligence using MatLab N2 - This paper deals with the issue of automating the process of machine learning and analyzing bio-datasets. For this a user-friendly website has been developed for the interaction with the researchers. On this website it is possible to upload datasets and to share them, if desired, with other scientists. The uploaded data can also be analyzed by various methods and functions. The signals inside these datasets can also be visualized. Furthermore several algorithms have been implemented to create machine learning models with the uploaded data. Based on these generated models new data can be classified or calculated. For all these applications the simplest possible handling was implemented to make the website available to all interested researchers. KW - M-health, machine learning, website Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICoCS.2015.7483278 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Bischoff, Christian A1 - Glösekötter, Peter A1 - Burchard, Bernd A1 - Staacke, Robert A1 - Meijer, Jan T1 - All optical readout scheme for photoluminescence based magnetic field sensors T2 - 2020 IEEE Sensors, Rotterdam, Netherlands N2 - An improvement on a concept for all optical mag- netometry using nitrogen vacancies in diamond is presented. The concept is based on the fluorescence attenuation of optically pumped nitrogen vacancies by magnetic fields up to ≈ 50 mT. The attenuation is registered by modulating the pumping power to generate a constant signal at a photodetector. A sensitivity of 2.6μT/√Hz at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz is achieved. KW - photoluminescence based magnetic field sensors Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278923 SP - 1 EP - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Willing, Markus A1 - Dresen, Christian A1 - Haverkamp, Uwe A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - Analyzing medical device connectivity and its effect on cyber security in german hospitals N2 - Background: Modern healthcare devices can be connected to computer networks and many western healthcareinstitutions run those devices in networks. At the same time, cyber attacks are on the rise and there is evidence thatcybercriminals do not spare critical infrastructure such as major hospitals, even if they endanger patients. Intuitively,the more and closer connected healthcare devices are to public networks, the higher the risk of getting attacked. Methods: To asses the current connectivity status of healthcare devices, we surveyed the field of German hospitalsand especially University Medical Center UMCs. Results: The results show a strong correlation between the networking degree and the number of medical devices.The average number of medical devices is 25.150, with a median of networked medical devices of 3.600. Actual keyusers of networked medical devices are the departments Radiology, Intensive Care, Radio-Oncology RO, NuclearMedicine NUC, and Anaesthesiology in the group of UMCs. In the next five years, the usage of networked medicaldevices will increase significantly in the departments of Surgery, Intensive Care, and Radiology. We detected a strongcorrelation between the degree of connectivity and the likelihood of being attacked.The survey answers regarding the cyber security status reveal a lack of security basics in some of the inquiredhospitals. We did discover successful attacks in hospitals with separated or subsidiary departments. A fusion ofcompetencies on an organizational level facilitates the right behavior here. Most hospitals rated themselvespredominantly positively in the self-assessment but also stated the usefulness of IT security insurance.Conclusions:Concluding our results, hospitals are already facing the consequences of omitted measures within theirgrowing pool of medical devices. Continuously relying on historically grown structures without adaption and trustingmanufactures to solve vectors is a critical behavior that could seriously endanger patients. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01259-y PB - BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making volume ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Job, Reinhart T1 - Electrochemical Energy Storage N2 - Due to a nonuniform and sometimes unsteady energy yield, a large scale renewable energy supply requires a broadening of centralized and decentralized energy storage systems. On this background, there are high expectations on batteries with regard to various energy storage systems in the near future. In engineering studies, batteries are usually regarded as a black box. However, this point of view is not sufficient and reasonable for the energy storage demands of the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the knowledge about the advantages and limitations of batteries in engineering lectures – but also in lectures for students of physics or chemistry. The book is written for graduate students from the engineering disciplines, in particular for graduate students of electrical engineering. It should be also of interest for graduate students of physics, chemistry and even industrial engineering. It is not intended to provide a specialized book for distinguished researchers or experts in electrochemistry and/or highly sophisticated battery technology. In particular, the book provides a presentation of the physical basics and principles of electrochemical energy storage. It gives an overview and explanation of the functionality of historical batteries. The electrochemical reaction mechanisms in important primary and secondary batteries are discussed in detail. Moreover, the availability of the relevant raw materials for a growing battery market is emphasized. The book is destined for background reading in corresponding university lectures and useful for self-study, too. KW - Energy Storage KW - Batteries KW - Physics of Batteries KW - Chemistry of Batteries KW - Electrochemistry Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-11-048437-3 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110484427 PB - Walter De Gryuter GmbH CY - Berlin, Boston ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Jens A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Mla­de­nov, Vla­dis­lav A1 - Mainka, Chris­ti­an A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Schwenk, Jörg T1 - Of­fice Do­cu­ment Se­cu­ri­ty and Pri­va­cy T2 - 14th USE­NIX Work­shop on Of­fen­si­ve Tech­no­lo­gies (WOOT 2020) N2 - OOXML and ODF are the de facto standard data formats for word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Both are XML-based, feature-rich container formats dating back to the early 2000s. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the capabilities of malicious office documents. Instead of focusing on implementation bugs, we abuse legitimate features of the OOXML and ODF specifications. We categorize our attacks into five classes: (1) Denial-of-Service attacks affecting the host on which the document is processed. (2) Invasion of privacy attacks that track the usage of the document. (3) Information disclosure attacks exfiltrating personal data out of the victim's computer. (4) Data manipulation on the victim's system. (5) Code execution on the victim's machine. We evaluated the reference implementations – Microsoft Office and LibreOffice – and found both of them to be vulnerable to each tested class of attacks. Finally, we propose mitigation strategies to counter these attacks. KW - Cyber Security KW - Open Document Format KW - docx Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot20/presentation/muller PB - USENIX ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Jens A1 - Brinkmann, Marcus A1 - Poddebniak, Damian A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Schwenk, Jörg T1 - Mailto: Me Your Secrets. On Bugs and Features in Email End-to-End Encryption T2 - 2020 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS) N2 - OpenPGP and S/MIME are the two major standards for email end-to-end encryption. We show practical attacks against both encryption schemes in the context of email. First, we present a design flaw in the key update mechanism, allowing a third party to deploy a new key to the communication partners. Second, we show how email clients can be tricked into acting as an oracle for decryption or signing by exploiting their functionality to auto-save drafts. Third, we demonstrate how to exfiltrate the private key, based on proprietary mailto parameters implemented by various email clients. An evaluation shows that 8 out of 20 tested email clients are vulnerable to at least one attack. While our attacks do not target the underlying cryptographic primitives, they raise concerns about the practical security of OpenPGP and S/MIME email applications. Finally, we propose countermeasures and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. KW - Cyber Security KW - PGP KW - S/MIME Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CNS48642.2020.9162218 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gierling, Markus A1 - Dresen, Christian A1 - Eich, Hans A1 - Mittman, Karin A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Haverkamp, Uwe T1 - Analysis and consequences of an imaging process concerning the cyber security of a networked computer tomography scanner T2 - STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE KW - Cyber Security KW - networked computer tomography scanner Y1 - 2018 SP - 185 EP - 186 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gierling, Markus A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Dresen, Christian A1 - Köbe, Julia A1 - Rath, Benjamin A1 - Eckardt, Lars A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - Reviewing Cyber Security Research of Implantable Medical Rhythm Devices regarding Patients’ Risk JF - 86. Jahrestagung und Herztage 2020 der DGK N2 - Introduction: The recent publication of several critical cyber security issues in cardiac implantable devices and the resulting press coverage upsets affected users and their trust in medical device producers. Reviewing the published security vulnerabilities regarding networked medical devices, it raises the question, if the reporting media, the responsible security researchers, and the producers handle security vulnerabilities appropriately. Are the media reports of security vulnerabilities in medical devices meaningful in a way that patients can assess their respective risk for an attack via the security vulnerability? The collaboration between IT-security experts and clinicians aims at reviewing published security vulnerabilities of rhythm devices, and evaluate overall patients risks. Methodology: We performed a literature review on security vulnerabilities in implantable medical devices with a focus on cardiac devices. We analyzed (Fig. 1) the (1) requirements for an attacker and the (2) technical feasibility and clustered them in three different scenarios: The first scenario requires that the attacker physically approaches a victim with a programming device. The second scenario requires proximity to the victim, e.g., within a few meters. The third and strongest attacker scenario is a remote attack that doesn’t require any physical proximity to the victim. We then compare the attacker scenarios and (3) the overall patients’ risks with the press coverage (overhyped, adequate, underhyped). (4) The resulting overall patients’ risk was rated by clinicians (security vulnerability of patients’ data, dangerous programming possible). Results: Out of the three analyzed incidents, we found one to be underhyped, one to be overhyped, and one was appropriate compared to the medial coverage (Fig. 2). The most occurring technical issues were based on the absence of basic security primitives. The patient damage for all of the analyzed incidents was fatal in the worst-case scenario. Further, the patient damage and the overall patient risks are disjunct due to the missing capability of performing large scale attacks. Conclusion: The resulting overall patients’ risks may not adequately reflect the patient damage in the considered cases. Often, the overall patient risk is not as severe as the necessary attacker capabilities are high and it would require strongly motivated attackers to perform the attack. Therefore, most of the reviewed cases are considered with a smaller overall patient risk than implied by press reports. Reviewing the ongoing IT-Security trends regarding implantable medical devices shows an increasing focus on researching in the field of medical device security. Therefore, further findings in the near future are to be expected. To deal with this fact in a responsible way, proper proactive knowledge management is mandatory. We recommend medical staff to critically reflect reports in mass media due to possible sensationalism. Therefore, we propose a joint approach in combining the technical expertise of cyber security experts with clinical aspects of medical experts, to ensure a solid understanding of a newly published vulnerability. The combination of both communities promises to result in better predictions for patients’ risks from security vulnerabilities in implanted cardiac devices. KW - Cyber Security KW - Cardiac Implantable Devices Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01621-0 VL - Band 109, Supplement 1, April 2020 SP - 1 EP - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saatjohann, Christoph A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Krings, Luise A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian T1 - STALK: security analysis of smartwatches for kids T2 - ARES 2020: The 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security / Editors: Melanie Volkamer, Christian Wressnegger N2 - Smart wearable devices become more and more prevalent in the age of the Internet of Things. While people wear them as fitness trackers or full-fledged smartphones, they also come in unique versions as smartwatches for children. These watches allow parents to track the location of their children in real-time and offer a communication channel between parent and child. In this paper, we analyzed six smartwatches for children and the corresponding backend platforms and applications for security and privacy concerns. We structure our analysis in distinct attacker scenarios and collect and describe related literature outside academic publications. Using a cellular network Man-in-the-Middle setup, reverse engineering, and dynamic analysis, we found several severe security issues, allowing for sensitive data disclosure, complete watch takeover, and illegal remote monitoring functionality. KW - Security KW - Privacy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-123548 SN - 978-1-4503-8833-7 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Löchte, Andre A1 - Thranow, Jan-Ole A1 - Gebing, Marcel A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Forschungsprojekt Zink-Luft-Akkumulator an der FH Münster JF - VDI Ingenieur forum N2 - Die wachsenden Anteile fluktuierender rege­nerativer Energien in der Energieversorgung (bis 2020 sollen 30 % und 2050 sogar So % des Stroms aus regenerativen Energiequellen stammen) sowie die Steigerung der Elektro­mobilität machen deutlich: Das Thema der Zwischenspeicherung elektrischer Energie ist von höchster gesellschaftlicher Relevanz und verlangt zwingend nach einer Lösung. Neue Technologien, die umweltfreundlich, sicher, leistungsfähig und bezahlbar zugleich sind, müssen deshalb entwickelt werden. KW - Zink-Luft-Akkumulator Y1 - 2020 VL - H 45620 IS - 2/2020 SP - 50 EP - 51 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Staake, Robert A1 - Burchard, Bernd A1 - Meijer, Jan A1 - Bischoff, Christian A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Highly Sensitive Compact Room Temperature Quantum Scalar Magnetormeter T2 - SMSI 2020 N2 - Magnetometry with nitrogen–vacancy (NV) defects in diamond has been extensively stud-ied in the past [1]. While most approaches in-clude the use of microwaves (MW) for the de-tection of electron spin resonance, only few investigate the sensitivity of the photolumines-cence (PL) from NV centers to an external magnetic field without MW [2, 3, 4]. This work aims to utilize this effect to build a highly sensi-tive and compact room temperature magne-tometer. The avoidance of MW serves the re-duction of production costs and allows a com-mercialization at the current patent situation. KW - Highly Sensitive Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2020/A1.4 SP - 47 EP - 48 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staacke, Robert A1 - John, Roger A1 - Wunderlich, Ralf A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Knolle, Wolfgang A1 - Laube, Christian A1 - Glösekötter, Peter A1 - Burchard, Bernd A1 - Abel, Bernd A1 - Meijer, Jan T1 - Isotropic Scalar Quantum Sensing of Magnetic Fields for Industrial Application JF - Advanced Quantum Technologies N2 - Magnetic field sensors based on quantum mechanic effects are often susceptible to misalignments of the magnetic field or need advanced procedures to compensate for these. Also, the record breaking sensitivities reported for superconducting quantum interference devices and alkali vapor magnetometers come along with large and complex experimental setups. The nitrogen vacancy center in diamond can be used to design a simple, small, and robust sensor without employing microwave radiation. By using compressed nanodiamond particles, it is possible to eliminate the need of an alignment of the magnetic field and still obtain the absolute magnetic flux density in a single measurement. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach, a centimeter-sized modified automotive demo board is employed as a complete sensor with a sensitivity of 78 µT/Wurzel Hz. KW - Isotropic Scalar Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qute.202000037 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley-Vch Verlag CY - Weinheim ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mertens, Konrad T1 - Photovoltaics - Fundamentals, Technology, and Practice N2 - A comprehensive tutorial on photovoltaic technology now fully updated to include solar storage and the latest methods for on-site plant measurements. Starting with the basic principles of solar energy, this fully updated, practical text explains the fundamentals of semiconductor physics and the structure and functioning of the solar cell. It describes the latest measurement techniques for solar modules, and the planning and operation of grid-connected and off-grid PV systems. It also looks at other thin film cells, hybrid wafer cells, and concentrator systems. Additionally, this Second Edition covers solar modules and solar generators; system technology of grid connected plants; the storage of solar energy; photovoltaic measurement technology; the planning and operation of grid-connected systems; economic efficiency of PV systems; and the future development of PV. - Presents the latest advances in PV R&D and industry deployment - Updated illustrations and tabular data reflect current state-of-the-art and PV technology efficiencies - Offers expanded tutorial sections to aid teaching and self-study - Includes a brand-new chapter on Solar Energy Storage - Features two enlarged chapters—one on up-to-date photovoltaic metrology and the other on the future developments in photovoltaics - Comes along with the accompanying website www.textbook-pv.org which offers free downloadable figures of the book, solutions of exercises, additional free PV software etc. Developed to prepare engineering students for the PV industry, this practical text is an essential PV primer. KW - Solar KW - Solar Module KW - Photovoltaics KW - PV-Outdoor-Measurements KW - Outdoor-EL Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-119-40104-9 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd CY - Chichester, United Kingdom ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mertens, Konrad T1 - Photovoltaik - Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis N2 - Das Standardlehrbuch zu Photovoltaik! Dieses Lehrbuch liefert Antworten auf die wichtigsten Fragen zur Photovoltaik-Technik. Es werden grundlegende physikalische und elektrotechnische Fragestellungen behandelt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Systemtechnik mit Informationen zur Zellen- und Modulverschaltung sowie die Netzintegration von Photovoltaikanlagen. Das Buch beschreibt die aktuellsten Messmethoden für Solarmodule und erläutert die technischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsperspektiven der photovoltaischen Stromerzeugung. Zahlreiche anschauliche Beispiele verdeutlichen die Konzepte zum Aufbau von Photovoltaikanlagen und machen das Buch zu einer unentbehrlichen Lektüre für Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften sowie in der Praxis tätige Techniker/innen und Elektroniker/innen. Durch den didaktischen Aufbau eignet sich das Buch zum Selbststudium aber auch zum Nachschlagen und Wissen auffrischen, zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben vertiefen das Verständnis in die Technik weiter. Schwerpunkte: - Sonnenstrahlung - Grundlagen der Halbleiterphysik - Aufbau und Wirkungsweise der Solarzelle - Zellentechnologien - Solarmodule und Solargeneratoren - Systemtechnik netzgekoppelter Anlagen - Solarstrom und seine Speicherung - Photovoltaische Messtechnik - Planung und Betrieb von Photovoltaikanlagen Parallel zum Buch finden Sie unter www.lehrbuch-photovoltaik.de zusätzliche Informationen, Software sowie die Lösungen der Übungsaufgaben. KW - Solarstrom KW - Solarzelle KW - Photovoltaik KW - Elektrolumineszenz KW - Outdoor-EL Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-446-46404-9 PB - Hanser CY - München ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stewart, R. A1 - Tüxen, M. A1 - Proshin, M. T1 - Stream Control Transmission Protocol: Errata and Issues in RFC 4960 N2 - This document is a compilation of issues found since the publication of RFC 4960 in September 2007, based on experience with implementing, testing, and using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) along with the suggested fixes. This document provides deltas to RFC 4960 and is organized in a time-ordered way. The issues are listed in the order in which they were brought up. Because some text is changed several times, the last delta in the text is the one that should be applied. In addition to the deltas, a description of each problem and the details of the solution for each are also provided. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/RFC8640 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Hochintegrierte Mikro- und Nanosystem T2 - Workshop Nanotechnologie-Verbund NRW e.V. N2 - Die Beiträge, der Konferenz: • Nanotechnologie –Von Wunder-Materialien und solchen die es werden wollen • Mikrotechnik –to improve the qualityof live • Quantum Sensing for Industrial Applications • Geordnete Defekte in Graphit: Ein Fahrplan in Richtung Raumtemperatur Supraleitung • Funktionale mikro-und nanostrukturierte Folien als Bestandteil hochintegrierter Systeme KW - Hochintegrierte Mikro- und Nanosysteme Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dresen, Christian A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Poddebniak, Damian A1 - Kappert, Tobias A1 - Holz, Thorsten A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian ED - Zhou, Jianying T1 - CORSICA: Cross-Origin Web Service Identification T2 - The 15th ACM ASIA Conference on Computer and Communications Security N2 - Vulnerabilities in private networks are difficult to detect for attackers outside of the network. While there are known methods for port scanning internal hosts that work by luring unwitting internal users to an external web page that hosts malicious JavaScript code, no such method for detailed and precise service identification is known. The reason is that the Same Origin Policy (SOP) prevents access to HTTP responses of other origins by default. We perform a structured analysis of loopholes in the SOP that can be used to identify web applications across network boundaries. For this, we analyze HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript features of standard-compliant web browsers that may leak sensitive information about cross-origin content. The results reveal several novel techniques, including leaking JavaScript function names or styles of cross-origin requests that are available in all common browsers. We implement and test these techniques in a tool called CORSICA. It can successfully identify 31 of 42 (74%) of web services running on different IoT devices as well as the version numbers of the four most widely used content management systems WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, and TYPO3. CORSICA can also determine the patch level on average down to three versions (WordPress), six versions (Drupal), two versions (Joomla), and four versions (TYPO3) with only ten requests on average. Furthermore, CORSICA is able to identify 48 WordPress plugins containing 65 vulnerabilities. Finally, we analyze mitigation strategies and show that the proposed but not yet implemented strategies Cross-Origin Resource Policy (CORP)} and Sec-Metadata would prevent our identification techniques. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://asiaccs2020.cs.nthu.edu.tw/program/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heller, Andreas A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Real Time Localization System for the Optimization of Agitation Processes T2 - IESS, Friedrichshafen N2 - This work describes the setup of an ultrawideband (UWB) realtime localization system (RTLS) for tracking of particles.We describe how the RTLS obtains distances and positions through radio waves and the setup and evaluation of a real world system is stated in detail. In the proposed system the particles track a subtrates surface ow inside a biogas plant for veri� cation of agitation processes. KW - UWB - RTLS - Biogas plant optimization Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heller, Andreas A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Gebing, Marcel A1 - Kappen, Götz A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - GNSS based Automatic Anchor Positioning in Real Time Localization Systems T2 - Proceedings ITISE-2019. Granada, 25th-27th September 2019 N2 - This work describes the setup of an ultrawideband (UWB) realtime localization system (RTLS) in which the determination of anchor coordinates is automated by assistance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). KW - GNSS Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-84-17970-78-9 SP - 1068 EP - 1073 CY - Granada (Spain) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Löchte, Andre A1 - Gebert, Ole A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - End of charge detection of batteries with high production tolerances T2 - Proceedings ITISE-2019. Granada, 25th-27th September 2019 N2 - When developing new battery technologies, fundamental research means assembling new batteries by hand since a production line is not worthwhile for building and testing individual cells. This causes high production tolerances to occur because manual manufacturing is not as precise as machine-made. When putting these prototypes into operation, problems can arise due to the varying parameters. One of the most important exercise is finding a criterion of a full battery. This can be challenging when parameters like the capacity or the end of charge voltage are not precisely known due to the tolerances. Furthermore, new battery types do not necessarily rely on the same stopping criteria. For example zinc-air secondary batteries do not offer an end of charging voltage. Its charging current is not going to decrease when the battery is full and the charging voltage is held at a fixed value. But instead of de-oxidising zinc oxide, hydrogen is produced. In the majority of cases overcharging should be avoided as it harms the battery. Another even more dangerous consequence is the possibility of an explosion. Especially lithium based batteries are known for their need of compatible ambient and charging parameters. This paper proposes a new criterion for detecting the end of charge that is based on the rate of change of electrochemical impedance spectra of the examined batteries. Device parameter fluctuations influence every measurement. Therefore, using the rate of change offers the possibility to not depend on these fluctuations. KW - End of charge Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-84-17970-78-9 SP - 554 EP - 559 CY - Granada (Spain) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Robin A1 - Glösekötter, Peter A1 - Prestes, Edson A1 - Kolberg, Mariana ED - Springer, T1 - Hybridisation of Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation with Non-linear Bounded-error State Estimation Applied to Global Localisation of Mobile Robots JF - Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems N2 - Accurate self-localisation is a fundamental ability of any mobile robot. In Monte Carlo localisation, a probability distribution over a space of possible hypotheses accommodates the inherent uncertainty in the position estimate, whereas bounded-error localisation provides a region that is guaranteed to contain the robot. However, this guarantee is accompanied by a constant probability over the confined region and therefore the information yield may not be sufficient for certain practical applications. Four hybrid localisation algorithms are proposed, combining probabilistic filtering with non-linear bounded-error state estimation based on interval analysis. A forward-backward contractor and the Set Inverter via Interval Analysis are hybridised with a bootstrap filter and an unscented particle filter, respectively. The four algorithms are applied to global localisation of an underwater robot, using simulated distance measurements to distinguishable landmarks. As opposed to previous hybrid methods found in the literature, the bounded-error state estimate is not maintained throughout the whole estimation process. Instead, it is only computed once in the beginning, when solving the wake-up robot problem, and after kidnapping of the robot, which drastically reduces the computational cost when compared to the existing algorithms. It is shown that the novel algorithms can solve the wake-up robot problem as well as the kidnapped robot problem more accurately than the two conventional probabilistic filters. KW - Interval analysis · Particle filtering · Kalman filtering · Bayesian filtering · Sequential Monte Carlo simulation · Bounded-error estimation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10846-019-01118-7 SP - 1 EP - 23 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Jens A1 - Ising, Fabian A1 - Mldadenov, Vladislav A1 - Mainka, Christian A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Schwenk, Jörg T1 - Practical Decryption exFiltration: Breaking PDF Encryption T2 - The 26th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications, Security (CCS 2019), London, United Kingdom N2 - The Portable Document Format, better known as PDF, is one of themost widely used document formats worldwide, and in order to en-sure information confidentiality, this file format supports documentencryption. In this paper, we analyze PDF encryption and showtwo novel techniques for breaking the confidentiality of encrypteddocuments. First, we abuse the PDF feature ofpartially encrypteddocuments to wrap the encrypted part of the document withinattacker-controlled content and therefore, exfiltrate the plaintextonce the document is opened by a legitimate user. Second, we abusea flaw in the PDF encryption specification to arbitrarily manipulateencrypted content. The only requirement is that a single block ofknown plaintext is needed, and we show that this is fulfilled bydesign. Our attacks allow the recovery of the entire plaintext of en-crypted documents by using exfiltration channels which are basedon standard compliant PDF properties.We evaluated our attacks on 27 widely used PDF viewers andfound all of them to be vulnerable. We responsibly disclosed thevulnerabilities and supported the vendors in fixing the issue Y1 - 2019 UR - https://pdf-insecurity.org/download/paper-pdf_encryption-ccs2019.pdf U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3354214 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ungru, Kathrin A1 - Tenbrinck, Daniel A1 - Jiang, Xiaoyi A1 - Stypmann, Jörg ED - Elsevier, T1 - Automatic Classification of Left Ventricular Wall Segments in Small Animal Ultrasound Imaging. JF - Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2014.06.015 VL - 117 IS - 1 SP - 2 EP - 12 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Annas, Sven A1 - Jantzen, Hans-Arno A1 - Scholz, Jürgen A1 - Glösekötter, Peter A1 - Wetter, Christof T1 - Vorhabensbezeichnung: IngenieurNachwuchs2014: Ein neues Entwicklungswerkzeug für die Optimierung von Rührsystemen in Biogas-Fermentern unter Einsatz der Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)-Technik in Kombination mit CFD : Schlussbericht : Berichtszeitraum: 01.11.2014 bis 31.12.2018 KW - Rührwerkoptimierung Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/download/?tx_tibsearch_search%5Bdocid%5D=TIBKAT%3A1672326753&cHash=cc52271c2cd6579c95da17f00a67ad3c#download-mark U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1672326753 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Jens A1 - Brinkmann, Marcus A1 - Poddebniak, Damian A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Schwenk, Jörg T1 - What's up John­ny? – Co­vert Con­tent At­tacks on Email End-to-End En­cryp­ti­on T2 - 17th In­ter­na­tio­nal Con­fe­rence on Ap­p­lied Cryp­to­gra­phy and Net­work Se­cu­ri­ty (ACNS 2019) N2 - We show practical attacks against OpenPGP and S/MIMEencryption and digital signatures in the context of email. Instead of tar-geting the underlying cryptographic primitives, our attacks abuse legiti-mate features of the MIME standard and HTML, as supported by emailclients, to deceive the user regarding the actual message content. Wedemonstrate how the attacker can unknowingly abuse the user as a de-cryption oracle by replying to an unsuspicious looking email. Using thistechnique, the plaintext of hundreds of encrypted emails can be leakedat once. Furthermore, we show how users could be tricked into signingarbitrary text by replying to emails containing CSS conditional rules.An evaluation shows that "out of" OpenPGP-capable email clients,as well as "out of" clients supporting S/MIME, are vulnerable to atleast one attack. We provide different countermeasures and discuss theiradvantages and disadvantages. Y1 - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 18 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Jens A1 - Brinkmann, Marcus A1 - Poddebniak, Damian A1 - Böck, Hanno A1 - Schinzel, Sebastian A1 - Smomrosvsky, Juraj A1 - Schwenk, Jörg T1 - “Johnny, you are fired!” – Spoofing OpenPGP and S/MIME Signatures in Emails T2 - 28th Usenix Security Symposium, Santa Clara, CA, USA N2 - OpenPGP and S/MIME are the two major standards to en-crypt and digitally sign emails. Digital signatures are sup-posed to guarantee authenticity and integrity of messages. Inthis work we show practical forgery attacks against variousimplementations of OpenPGP and S/MIME email signatureverification in five attack classes: (1) We analyze edge casesin S/MIME’s container format. (2) We exploit in-band sig-naling in the GnuPG API, the most widely used OpenPGPimplementation. (3) We apply MIME wrapping attacks thatabuse the email clients’ handling of partially signed mes-sages. (4) We analyze weaknesses in the binding of signedmessages to the sender identity. (5) We systematically testemail clients for UI redressing attacks.Our attacks allow the spoofing of digital signatures for ar-bitrary messages in 14 out of 20 tested OpenPGP-capableemail clients and 15 out of 22 email clients supportingS/MIME signatures. While the attacks do not target the un-derlying cryptographic primitives of digital signatures, theyraise concerns about the actual security of OpenPGP andS/MIME email applications. Finally, we propose mitigationstrategies to counter these attacks. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity19/presentation/muller EP - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Löchte, Andre A1 - Heming, Daniel A1 - Gebert, Ole A1 - Horsthemke, Ludwig A1 - Glösekötter, Peter T1 - Oxygen consumption of zinc-air batteries and theirperformance at low oxygen concentration levels JF - 2018 16th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC) N2 - Already existing primary Zinc-air batteries providea high energy density. Due to new secondary cells, its tech-nology can become an alternative for energy storage. Sincethese applications require a big amount of storable energy, theoxygen consumption has to be taken into account. This articledetermines the oxygen consumption of zinc-air batteries duringdischarging. Furthermore the performance of zinc-air batteries atlow oxygen concentrations is analyzed. Both aspects are validatedby practical experiments. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/BEC.2018.8600972 SP - 1 EP - 4 ER -