@article{BaumeisterGardemannFobkeretal.2021, author = {Baumeister, Anna and Gardemann, Joachim and Fobker, Manfred and Spiegler, Verena and Fischer, Tobias}, title = {Short-Term Influence of Caffeine and Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Ketogenesis: A Controlled Double-Blind Intervention Study}, series = {Hindawi Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism}, volume = {Volume 2021, Article ID 1861567}, journal = {Hindawi Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism}, doi = {10.25974/fhms-13806}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-138069}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background. Ketone bodies are a highly relevant topic in nutrition and medicine. -e influence of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on ketogenesis is well known and has been successfully used in ketogenic diets for many years. Nevertheless, the effects of MCTs and coconut oil on the production of ketone bodies have only partially been investigated. Furthermore, the increased mobilisation of free fatty acids and release of catabolic hormones by caffeine suggest an influence of caffeine on ketogenesis. Methods. In a controlled, double-blind intervention study, seven young healthy subjects received 10mL of tricaprylin (C8), tricaprin (C10), C8/C10 (50\% C8, 50\% C10), or coconut oil with or without 150 mg of caffeine, in 250mL of decaffeinated coffee, over ten interventions. At baseline and after every 40 minutes, for 4 h, ßHB and glucose in capillary blood as well as caffeine in saliva were measured. Furthermore, questionnaires were used to survey sensory properties, side effects, and awareness of hunger and satiety. Results. -e interventions with caffeine caused an increase in ßHB levels—in particular, the interventions with C8 highly impacted ketogenesis. -e effect decreased with increased chain lengths. All interventions showed a continuous increase in hunger and diminishing satiety. Mild side effects (total � 12) occurred during the interventions. Conclusions. -e present study demonstrated an influence of caffeine and MCTon ketogenesis. -eaddition of caffeine showed an additive effect on the ketogenic potential of MCT and coconut oil. C8 showed the highest ketogenicity.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BimbergGardemannBuschmann2020, author = {Bimberg, Larissa and Gardemann, Joachim and Buschmann, Annika}, title = {CoroNo. Protection hood against infection for care and rescue services personnel. Medbox; the aid library}, pages = {6}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @techreport{Gardemann2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Gardemann, Joachim}, title = {Severe Acute Malnutrition, Refeeding and Insulin}, doi = {10.25974/fhms-11549}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-115492}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The evolutionary role of insulin in starvation is the key of understanding its action in phases of over- and undernutrition.}, language = {en} } @article{MakuratBeckerWieringaetal.2019, author = {Makurat, Jan and Becker, Natalie and Wieringa, Frank T. and Chamnan, Chhoun and Krawinkel, Michael B.}, title = {Impact of lunch provision on anthropometry, hemoglobin, and micronutrient status of female Cambodian garment workers: exploratory randomized controlled trial}, series = {BMC nutrition}, volume = {5}, journal = {BMC nutrition}, doi = {10.1186/s40795-019-0297-4}, pages = {36}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Lunch provision is expected to improve the nutritional status of Cambodian garment workers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a model lunch provision through a canteen on anthropometry, hemoglobin, and micronutrient status in female garment workers in Cambodia. Methods This exploratory randomized controlled trial was implemented at a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Female workers (nulliparous, non-pregnant) were recruited and randomly allocated into an intervention arm (workday's lunch provision) and a control arm. Served lunch sets (̃ 700 kcal on average) included diverse local dishes. Anthropometry (body mass index, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, and mid-upper arm muscle circumference), as well as hemoglobin, serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor, serum retinol binding protein, and serum folate concentrations were assessed at baseline and after 5 months of lunch provision. A general linear model with adjustments for baseline values was used to estimate intervention effects for each outcome variable. Results Two hundred twenty-three women were recruited (n = 112 control and n = 111 intervention). 172 (n = 86 in each arm) completed the study. Baseline prevalence of underweight, anemia, depleted iron stores, and marginal iron stores, were 31, 24, 21, and 50\%, respectively. Subjects were not affected by frank vitamin A or folate deficiency, whereas 30\% showed a marginal folate status. Overall, mean changes in anthropometric variables, hemoglobin, and retinol binding protein were marginal and not significant among intervention subjects. Mean folate concentration increased insignificantly by + 1.1 ng/mL (- 0.02, 2.2) (p = 0.054). On the other hand, mean ferritin decreased by - 6.6 μg/L (- 11.9, - 1.3) (p = 0.015). Subgroup analysis prompts that effects are differently pronounced according to the baseline status of workers. Conclusions Findings indicate that model lunch sets provided a beneficial amount of dietary folate, but need to be revisited for iron content and/or iron bioavailability. It is believed that distinct positive effects on anthropometry, hemoglobin, and micronutrient status can solely be expected in malnourished individuals. The authors suggest that similar larger trials, which include sets adapted to the concrete needs of workers affected by underweight, anemia and/or definite micronutrient deficiencies, should be performed. Trial registration The trial was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (9 January 2015, Identifier: DRKS00007666).}, language = {en} } @article{MakuratFriedrichKuongetal.2016, author = {Makurat, Jan and Friedrich, Hanna and Kuong, Khov and Wieringa, Frank T. and Chamnan, Chhoun and Krawinkel, Michael B.}, title = {Nutritional and Micronutrient Status of Female Workers in a Garment Factory in Cambodia}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {8}, journal = {Nutrients}, doi = {10.3390/nu8110694}, year = {2016}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Concerns about the nutritional status of Cambodian garment workers were raised years ago but data are still scarce. The objectives of this study are to examine the nutritional, hemoglobin and micronutrient status of female workers in a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and to assess if body mass index is associated with hemoglobin and/or micronutrient status. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 223 female workers (nulliparous, non-pregnant) at a garment factory in Phnom Penh. Anthropometric measurements were performed and blood samples were taken to obtain results on hemoglobin, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and inflammation status (hemoglobinopathies not determined). Bivariate correlations were used to assess associations. RESULTS Overall, 31.4\% of workers were underweight, 26.9\% showed anemia, 22.1\% showed iron deficiency, while 46.5\% had marginal iron stores. No evidence of vitamin A or vitamin B12 deficiency was found. Body mass index was associated with serum ferritin (negative) and serum retinol-binding protein (positive) concentrations, but not strongly. A comparison between underweight and not underweight workers resulted in distinctions for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, with a higher prevalence among not underweight. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of underweight, anemia and poor iron status was high. Young and nulliparous female garment workers in Cambodia might constitute a group with elevated risk for nutritional deficiencies. Strategies need to be developed for improving their nutritional, micronutrient and health status. The poor iron status seems to contribute to the overall prevalence of anemia. Low hemoglobin and iron deficiency affected both underweight and those not underweight. Despite the fact that body mass index was negatively associated with iron stores, true differences in iron status between underweight and not underweight participants cannot be confirmed.}, language = {en} } @article{MakuratKretzWieringaetal.2018, author = {Makurat, Jan and Kretz, Eleonore C. and Wieringa, Frank T. and Chamnan, Chhoun and Krawinkel, Michael B.}, title = {Dietary Diversity in Cambodian Garment Workers: The Role of Free Lunch Provision}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nutrients}, doi = {10.3390/nu10081010}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The objective of this paper is to compare food consumption by Cambodian garment workers with and without access to a free model lunch provision through a factory-based canteen. Data from an exploratory randomised controlled trial were analysed. In total, 223 female Cambodian garment workers were allocated to an intervention arm (six-month lunch provision) or a control arm. Dietary intake on workdays was assessed by qualitative 24-h recalls at baseline and twice at follow-ups during the period of lunch provision using the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guideline on assessing women's dietary diversity. In total, 158 participants provided complete data on the dietary intake over workdays at all interviews. Lunch provision resulted in a more frequent consumption of dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, other fruits, and oils and fats during lunch breaks. In contrast, flesh meats, legumes, nuts and seeds, as well as sweets, were eaten at a lower frequency. Except for a higher consumption rate of vitamin A-rich fruits and a lower intake frequency of sweets, lunch provision had a less clear impact on total 24-h intake from different food groups and was not associated with a higher women's dietary diversity score (WDDS). A more gap-oriented design of the lunch sets taking into account underutilised foods and the nutritional status of the workers is recommended.}, language = {en} } @article{MakuratPillaiWieringaetal.2017, author = {Makurat, Jan and Pillai, Aarati and Wieringa, Frank T. and Chamnan, Chhoun and Krawinkel, Michael B.}, title = {Estimated Nutritive Value of Low-Price Model Lunch Sets Provided to Garment Workers in Cambodia}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nutrients}, doi = {10.3390/nu9070782}, year = {2017}, abstract = {BACKGROUND The establishment of staff canteens is expected to improve the nutritional situation of Cambodian garment workers. The objective of this study is to assess the nutritive value of low-price model lunch sets provided at a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. METHODS Exemplary lunch sets were served to female workers through a temporary canteen at a garment factory in Phnom Penh. Dish samples were collected repeatedly to examine mean serving sizes of individual ingredients. Food composition tables and NutriSurvey software were used to assess mean amounts and contributions to recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intake of energy, macronutrients, dietary fiber, vitamin C (VitC), iron, vitamin A (VitA), folate and vitamin B12 (VitB12). RESULTS On average, lunch sets provided roughly one third of RDA or adequate intake of energy, carbohydrates, fat and dietary fiber. Contribution to RDA of protein was high (46\% RDA). The sets contained a high mean share of VitC (159\% RDA), VitA (66\% RDA), and folate (44\% RDA), but were low in VitB12 (29\% RDA) and iron (20\% RDA). CONCLUSIONS Overall, lunches satisfied recommendations of caloric content and macronutrient composition. Sets on average contained a beneficial amount of VitC, VitA and folate. Adjustments are needed for a higher iron content. Alternative iron-rich foods are expected to be better suited, compared to increasing portions of costly meat/fish components. Lunch provision at Cambodian garment factories holds the potential to improve food security of workers, approximately at costs of <1 USD/person/day at large scale. Data on quantitative total dietary intake as well as physical activity among workers are needed to further optimize the concept of staff canteens.}, language = {en} } @techreport{NedawMathysGardemannetal.2012, author = {Nedaw, Dessie and Mathys, Werner and Gardemann, Joachim and Abdurahman, Mohammed A. and Mohn, Rainer and Kruse, Burkhardt and Herbst, Christian}, title = {Subsurface Micro-Reservoirs for Rural Water Supply in the Ethiopian Highlands - TAWI Tigray and Afar Water Initiative, Ethiopia}, series = {Landscape and sustainable Development Vol. 4}, journal = {Landscape and sustainable Development Vol. 4}, publisher = {FH M{\"u}nster}, doi = {10.25974/fhms-553}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-5535}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The Tigray and Afar Water Initiative (TAWI) is a collaboration between the Mekelle University (Ethiopia), the Muenster University of Applied Sciences (Germany) and the Westfalian Wilhelms-University Muenster (Germany). This special initiative is concerned with the rural water supply for the particularly water-scarce regional states of Tigray and Afar in the semi-arid north of Ethiopia. This paper describes a pilot project near the village of Koraro, Hawzen county in the Tigray region and deals with river reaches or creeks which carry water for short periods and only after the longer of two rainy seasons. When these waters run dry, water is still often to be found under the dry beds and is used casually by local people for agricultural purposes. An impermeable wall constructed as a subsurface dam to retain water in the ensuing subsurface micro-reservoir under the bed of such rivers could enable this usage to be intensified and hence enhance the water supply of small local user-groups, while at the same time positively influencing the landscape water balance. Here, the word micro refers to the fact that only the pores of the granular soil of an alluvial river bed are used to store water. Furthermore, storing water underground also avoids the danger of increasing the incidence of diseases such as malaria, a consequence of open water ponds.}, language = {en} } @article{SkauTouchChhounetal.2015, author = {Skau, Jutta K. H. and Touch, Bunthang and Chhoun, Chamnan and Chea, Mary and Unni, Uma S. and Makurat, Jan and Filteau, Suzanne and Wieringa, Frank T. and Dijkhuizen, Marjoleine A. and Ritz, Christian and Wells, Jonathan C. and Berger, Jacques and Friis, Henrik and Michaelsen, Kim F. and Roos, Nanna}, title = {Effects of animal source food and micronutrient fortification in complementary food products on body composition, iron status, and linear growth: a randomized trial in Cambodia}, series = {The American journal of clinical nutrition}, volume = {101}, journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition}, doi = {10.3945/ajcn.114.084889}, pages = {742 -- 751}, year = {2015}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Poor nutritional quality of complementary foods often limits growth. Animal source foods, such as milk or meat, are often unaffordable. Local affordable alternatives are needed. OBJECTIVE We evaluate the efficacy of 2 newly developed, rice-based complementary food products: WinFood (WF) with small fish and edible spiders and WinFood-Lite (WF-L) fortified with small fish, against 2 existing fortified corn-soy blend products, CSB+ (purely plant based) and CSB++ (8\% dried skimmed milk). DESIGN In total, 419 infants aged 6 mo were enrolled in this randomized, single-blinded study for 9 mo, designed primarily to assess increments in fat-free mass by a deuterium dilution technique and change in plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor. Secondary endpoints were changes in anthropometric variables, including knee-heel length. Data were analyzed by the intention-to-treat approach. RESULTS There was no difference in fat-free mass increment in WF or WF-L compared with CSB+ [WF: +0.04 kg (95\% CI: -0.20, 0.28 kg); WF-L: +0.14 kg (95\% CI: -0.10, 0.38 kg)] or CSB++ [WF: -0.03 kg (95\% CI: -0.27, 0.21 kg); WF-L: +0.07 kg (95\% CI: -0.18, 0.31 kg)] and no effect on iron status. The 1.7-mm (95\% CI: -0.1, 3.5 mm) greater increase in knee-heel length in WF-L than in CSB+ was not significant. CONCLUSIONS No difference was found between the locally produced products (WF and WF-L) and the CSBs. Micronutrient fortification may be necessary, and small fish may be an affordable alternative to milk to improve complementary foods. The dietary role of edible spiders needs to be further explored. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN19918531.}, language = {en} } @article{vonStreitBartelsKucziusetal.2019, author = {von Streit, F and Bartels, C and Kuczius, T and Cassier, C and Gardemann, J and Schaumburg, F}, title = {Prevalence of latent tuberculosis in homeless persons: A single-centre cross-sectional study, Germany}, series = {PLoS ONE}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0214556}, pages = {e0214556 -- e0214556}, year = {2019}, language = {en} }