@inproceedings{DresenIsingPoddebniaketal.2020, author = {Dresen, Christian and Ising, Fabian and Poddebniak, Damian and Kappert, Tobias and Holz, Thorsten and Schinzel, Sebastian}, title = {CORSICA: Cross-Origin Web Service Identification}, series = {The 15th ACM ASIA Conference on Computer and Communications Security}, booktitle = {The 15th ACM ASIA Conference on Computer and Communications Security}, editor = {Zhou, Jianying}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Vulnerabilities in private networks are difficult to detect for attackers outside of the network. While there are known methods for port scanning internal hosts that work by luring unwitting internal users to an external web page that hosts malicious JavaScript code, no such method for detailed and precise service identification is known. The reason is that the Same Origin Policy (SOP) prevents access to HTTP responses of other origins by default. We perform a structured analysis of loopholes in the SOP that can be used to identify web applications across network boundaries. For this, we analyze HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript features of standard-compliant web browsers that may leak sensitive information about cross-origin content. The results reveal several novel techniques, including leaking JavaScript function names or styles of cross-origin requests that are available in all common browsers. We implement and test these techniques in a tool called CORSICA. It can successfully identify 31 of 42 (74\%) of web services running on different IoT devices as well as the version numbers of the four most widely used content management systems WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, and TYPO3. CORSICA can also determine the patch level on average down to three versions (WordPress), six versions (Drupal), two versions (Joomla), and four versions (TYPO3) with only ten requests on average. Furthermore, CORSICA is able to identify 48 WordPress plugins containing 65 vulnerabilities. Finally, we analyze mitigation strategies and show that the proposed but not yet implemented strategies Cross-Origin Resource Policy (CORP)} and Sec-Metadata would prevent our identification techniques.}, language = {en} } @book{Mertens2020, author = {Mertens, Konrad}, title = {Photovoltaik - Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis}, publisher = {Hanser}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-446-46404-9}, publisher = {FH M{\"u}nster - University of Applied Sciences}, pages = {384}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Das Standardlehrbuch zu Photovoltaik! Dieses Lehrbuch liefert Antworten auf die wichtigsten Fragen zur Photovoltaik-Technik. Es werden grundlegende physikalische und elektrotechnische Fragestellungen behandelt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Systemtechnik mit Informationen zur Zellen- und Modulverschaltung sowie die Netzintegration von Photovoltaikanlagen. Das Buch beschreibt die aktuellsten Messmethoden f{\"u}r Solarmodule und erl{\"a}utert die technischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsperspektiven der photovoltaischen Stromerzeugung. Zahlreiche anschauliche Beispiele verdeutlichen die Konzepte zum Aufbau von Photovoltaikanlagen und machen das Buch zu einer unentbehrlichen Lekt{\"u}re f{\"u}r Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften sowie in der Praxis t{\"a}tige Techniker/innen und Elektroniker/innen. Durch den didaktischen Aufbau eignet sich das Buch zum Selbststudium aber auch zum Nachschlagen und Wissen auffrischen, zahlreiche {\"U}bungsaufgaben vertiefen das Verst{\"a}ndnis in die Technik weiter. Schwerpunkte: - Sonnenstrahlung - Grundlagen der Halbleiterphysik - Aufbau und Wirkungsweise der Solarzelle - Zellentechnologien - Solarmodule und Solargeneratoren - Systemtechnik netzgekoppelter Anlagen - Solarstrom und seine Speicherung - Photovoltaische Messtechnik - Planung und Betrieb von Photovoltaikanlagen Parallel zum Buch finden Sie unter www.lehrbuch-photovoltaik.de zus{\"a}tzliche Informationen, Software sowie die L{\"o}sungen der {\"U}bungsaufgaben.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SaatjohannIsingKringsetal.2020, author = {Saatjohann, Christoph and Ising, Fabian and Krings, Luise and Schinzel, Sebastian}, title = {STALK: security analysis of smartwatches for kids}, series = {ARES 2020: The 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security / Editors: Melanie Volkamer, Christian Wressnegger}, booktitle = {ARES 2020: The 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security / Editors: Melanie Volkamer, Christian Wressnegger}, isbn = {978-1-4503-8833-7}, doi = {10.1145/3407023.3407037}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-123548}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Smart wearable devices become more and more prevalent in the age of the Internet of Things. While people wear them as fitness trackers or full-fledged smartphones, they also come in unique versions as smartwatches for children. These watches allow parents to track the location of their children in real-time and offer a communication channel between parent and child. In this paper, we analyzed six smartwatches for children and the corresponding backend platforms and applications for security and privacy concerns. We structure our analysis in distinct attacker scenarios and collect and describe related literature outside academic publications. Using a cellular network Man-in-the-Middle setup, reverse engineering, and dynamic analysis, we found several severe security issues, allowing for sensitive data disclosure, complete watch takeover, and illegal remote monitoring functionality.}, language = {en} } @article{GierlingSaatjohannDresenetal.2020, author = {Gierling, Markus and Saatjohann, Christoph and Dresen, Christian and K{\"o}be, Julia and Rath, Benjamin and Eckardt, Lars and Schinzel, Sebastian}, title = {Reviewing Cyber Security Research of Implantable Medical Rhythm Devices regarding Patients' Risk}, series = {86. Jahrestagung und Herztage 2020 der DGK}, volume = {Band 109, Supplement 1, April 2020}, journal = {86. Jahrestagung und Herztage 2020 der DGK}, doi = {10.1007/s00392-020-01621-0}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Introduction: The recent publication of several critical cyber security issues in cardiac implantable devices and the resulting press coverage upsets affected users and their trust in medical device producers. Reviewing the published security vulnerabilities regarding networked medical devices, it raises the question, if the reporting media, the responsible security researchers, and the producers handle security vulnerabilities appropriately. Are the media reports of security vulnerabilities in medical devices meaningful in a way that patients can assess their respective risk for an attack via the security vulnerability? The collaboration between IT-security experts and clinicians aims at reviewing published security vulnerabilities of rhythm devices, and evaluate overall patients risks. Methodology: We performed a literature review on security vulnerabilities in implantable medical devices with a focus on cardiac devices. We analyzed (Fig. 1) the (1) requirements for an attacker and the (2) technical feasibility and clustered them in three different scenarios: The first scenario requires that the attacker physically approaches a victim with a programming device. The second scenario requires proximity to the victim, e.g., within a few meters. The third and strongest attacker scenario is a remote attack that doesn't require any physical proximity to the victim. We then compare the attacker scenarios and (3) the overall patients' risks with the press coverage (overhyped, adequate, underhyped). (4) The resulting overall patients' risk was rated by clinicians (security vulnerability of patients' data, dangerous programming possible). Results: Out of the three analyzed incidents, we found one to be underhyped, one to be overhyped, and one was appropriate compared to the medial coverage (Fig. 2). The most occurring technical issues were based on the absence of basic security primitives. The patient damage for all of the analyzed incidents was fatal in the worst-case scenario. Further, the patient damage and the overall patient risks are disjunct due to the missing capability of performing large scale attacks. Conclusion: The resulting overall patients' risks may not adequately reflect the patient damage in the considered cases. Often, the overall patient risk is not as severe as the necessary attacker capabilities are high and it would require strongly motivated attackers to perform the attack. Therefore, most of the reviewed cases are considered with a smaller overall patient risk than implied by press reports. Reviewing the ongoing IT-Security trends regarding implantable medical devices shows an increasing focus on researching in the field of medical device security. Therefore, further findings in the near future are to be expected. To deal with this fact in a responsible way, proper proactive knowledge management is mandatory. We recommend medical staff to critically reflect reports in mass media due to possible sensationalism. Therefore, we propose a joint approach in combining the technical expertise of cyber security experts with clinical aspects of medical experts, to ensure a solid understanding of a newly published vulnerability. The combination of both communities promises to result in better predictions for patients' risks from security vulnerabilities in implanted cardiac devices.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuellerBrinkmannPoddebniaketal.2020, author = {M{\"u}ller, Jens and Brinkmann, Marcus and Poddebniak, Damian and Schinzel, Sebastian and Schwenk, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Mailto: Me Your Secrets. On Bugs and Features in Email End-to-End Encryption}, series = {2020 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)}, doi = {10.1109/CNS48642.2020.9162218}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {OpenPGP and S/MIME are the two major standards for email end-to-end encryption. We show practical attacks against both encryption schemes in the context of email. First, we present a design flaw in the key update mechanism, allowing a third party to deploy a new key to the communication partners. Second, we show how email clients can be tricked into acting as an oracle for decryption or signing by exploiting their functionality to auto-save drafts. Third, we demonstrate how to exfiltrate the private key, based on proprietary mailto parameters implemented by various email clients. An evaluation shows that 8 out of 20 tested email clients are vulnerable to at least one attack. While our attacks do not target the underlying cryptographic primitives, they raise concerns about the practical security of OpenPGP and S/MIME email applications. Finally, we propose countermeasures and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MuellerIsingMla­de­novetal.2020, author = {M{\"u}ller, Jens and Ising, Fabian and Mla­de­nov, Vla­dis­lav and Mainka, Chris­ti­an and Schinzel, Sebastian and Schwenk, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Of­fice Do­cu­ment Se­cu­ri­ty and Pri­va­cy}, series = {14th USE­NIX Work­shop on Of­fen­si­ve Tech­no­lo­gies (WOOT 2020)}, booktitle = {14th USE­NIX Work­shop on Of­fen­si­ve Tech­no­lo­gies (WOOT 2020)}, publisher = {USENIX}, year = {2020}, abstract = {OOXML and ODF are the de facto standard data formats for word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Both are XML-based, feature-rich container formats dating back to the early 2000s. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the capabilities of malicious office documents. Instead of focusing on implementation bugs, we abuse legitimate features of the OOXML and ODF specifications. We categorize our attacks into five classes: (1) Denial-of-Service attacks affecting the host on which the document is processed. (2) Invasion of privacy attacks that track the usage of the document. (3) Information disclosure attacks exfiltrating personal data out of the victim's computer. (4) Data manipulation on the victim's system. (5) Code execution on the victim's machine. We evaluated the reference implementations - Microsoft Office and LibreOffice - and found both of them to be vulnerable to each tested class of attacks. Finally, we propose mitigation strategies to counter these attacks.}, language = {en} } @article{StaackeJohnWunderlichetal.2020, author = {Staacke, Robert and John, Roger and Wunderlich, Ralf and Horsthemke, Ludwig and Knolle, Wolfgang and Laube, Christian and Gl{\"o}sek{\"o}tter, Peter and Burchard, Bernd and Abel, Bernd and Meijer, Jan}, title = {Isotropic Scalar Quantum Sensing of Magnetic Fields for Industrial Application}, series = {Advanced Quantum Technologies}, journal = {Advanced Quantum Technologies}, publisher = {Wiley-Vch Verlag}, address = {Weinheim}, doi = {10.1002/qute.202000037}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Magnetic field sensors based on quantum mechanic effects are often susceptible to misalignments of the magnetic field or need advanced procedures to compensate for these. Also, the record breaking sensitivities reported for superconducting quantum interference devices and alkali vapor magnetometers come along with large and complex experimental setups. The nitrogen vacancy center in diamond can be used to design a simple, small, and robust sensor without employing microwave radiation. By using compressed nanodiamond particles, it is possible to eliminate the need of an alignment of the magnetic field and still obtain the absolute magnetic flux density in a single measurement. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach, a centimeter-sized modified automotive demo board is employed as a complete sensor with a sensitivity of 78 µT/Wurzel Hz.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HorsthemkeStaakeBurchardetal.2020, author = {Horsthemke, Ludwig and Staake, Robert and Burchard, Bernd and Meijer, Jan and Bischoff, Christian and Gl{\"o}sek{\"o}tter, Peter}, title = {Highly Sensitive Compact Room Temperature Quantum Scalar Magnetormeter}, series = {SMSI 2020}, booktitle = {SMSI 2020}, doi = {10.5162/SMSI2020/A1.4}, pages = {47 -- 48}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond has been extensively stud-ied in the past [1]. While most approaches in-clude the use of microwaves (MW) for the de-tection of electron spin resonance, only few investigate the sensitivity of the photolumines-cence (PL) from NV centers to an external magnetic field without MW [2, 3, 4]. This work aims to utilize this effect to build a highly sensi-tive and compact room temperature magne-tometer. The avoidance of MW serves the re-duction of production costs and allows a com-mercialization at the current patent situation.}, language = {de} } @article{LoechteThranowGebingetal.2020, author = {L{\"o}chte, Andre and Thranow, Jan-Ole and Gebing, Marcel and Horsthemke, Ludwig and Gl{\"o}sek{\"o}tter, Peter}, title = {Forschungsprojekt Zink-Luft-Akkumulator an der FH M{\"u}nster}, series = {VDI Ingenieur forum}, volume = {H 45620}, journal = {VDI Ingenieur forum}, number = {2/2020}, pages = {50 -- 51}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die wachsenden Anteile fluktuierender rege­nerativer Energien in der Energieversorgung (bis 2020 sollen 30 \% und 2050 sogar So \% des Stroms aus regenerativen Energiequellen stammen) sowie die Steigerung der Elektro­mobilit{\"a}t machen deutlich: Das Thema der Zwischenspeicherung elektrischer Energie ist von h{\"o}chster gesellschaftlicher Relevanz und verlangt zwingend nach einer L{\"o}sung. Neue Technologien, die umweltfreundlich, sicher, leistungsf{\"a}hig und bezahlbar zugleich sind, m{\"u}ssen deshalb entwickelt werden.}, language = {de} } @book{Job2020, author = {Job, Reinhart}, title = {Electrochemical Energy Storage}, publisher = {Walter De Gryuter GmbH}, address = {Berlin, Boston}, isbn = {978-3-11-048437-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110484427}, publisher = {FH M{\"u}nster - University of Applied Sciences}, pages = {235}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Due to a nonuniform and sometimes unsteady energy yield, a large scale renewable energy supply requires a broadening of centralized and decentralized energy storage systems. On this background, there are high expectations on batteries with regard to various energy storage systems in the near future. In engineering studies, batteries are usually regarded as a black box. However, this point of view is not sufficient and reasonable for the energy storage demands of the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the knowledge about the advantages and limitations of batteries in engineering lectures - but also in lectures for students of physics or chemistry. The book is written for graduate students from the engineering disciplines, in particular for graduate students of electrical engineering. It should be also of interest for graduate students of physics, chemistry and even industrial engineering. It is not intended to provide a specialized book for distinguished researchers or experts in electrochemistry and/or highly sophisticated battery technology. In particular, the book provides a presentation of the physical basics and principles of electrochemical energy storage. It gives an overview and explanation of the functionality of historical batteries. The electrochemical reaction mechanisms in important primary and secondary batteries are discussed in detail. Moreover, the availability of the relevant raw materials for a growing battery market is emphasized. The book is destined for background reading in corresponding university lectures and useful for self-study, too.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WillingDresenHaverkampetal.2020, author = {Willing, Markus and Dresen, Christian and Haverkamp, Uwe and Schinzel, Sebastian}, title = {Analyzing medical device connectivity and its effect on cyber security in german hospitals}, publisher = {BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making volume}, doi = {10.1186/s12911-020-01259-y}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: Modern healthcare devices can be connected to computer networks and many western healthcareinstitutions run those devices in networks. At the same time, cyber attacks are on the rise and there is evidence thatcybercriminals do not spare critical infrastructure such as major hospitals, even if they endanger patients. Intuitively,the more and closer connected healthcare devices are to public networks, the higher the risk of getting attacked. Methods: To asses the current connectivity status of healthcare devices, we surveyed the field of German hospitalsand especially University Medical Center UMCs. Results: The results show a strong correlation between the networking degree and the number of medical devices.The average number of medical devices is 25.150, with a median of networked medical devices of 3.600. Actual keyusers of networked medical devices are the departments Radiology, Intensive Care, Radio-Oncology RO, NuclearMedicine NUC, and Anaesthesiology in the group of UMCs. In the next five years, the usage of networked medicaldevices will increase significantly in the departments of Surgery, Intensive Care, and Radiology. We detected a strongcorrelation between the degree of connectivity and the likelihood of being attacked.The survey answers regarding the cyber security status reveal a lack of security basics in some of the inquiredhospitals. We did discover successful attacks in hospitals with separated or subsidiary departments. A fusion ofcompetencies on an organizational level facilitates the right behavior here. Most hospitals rated themselvespredominantly positively in the self-assessment but also stated the usefulness of IT security insurance.Conclusions:Concluding our results, hospitals are already facing the consequences of omitted measures within theirgrowing pool of medical devices. Continuously relying on historically grown structures without adaption and trustingmanufactures to solve vectors is a critical behavior that could seriously endanger patients.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HorsthemkeBischoffGloesekoetteretal.2020, author = {Horsthemke, Ludwig and Bischoff, Christian and Gl{\"o}sek{\"o}tter, Peter and Burchard, Bernd and Staacke, Robert and Meijer, Jan}, title = {All optical readout scheme for photoluminescence based magnetic field sensors}, series = {2020 IEEE Sensors, Rotterdam, Netherlands}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Sensors, Rotterdam, Netherlands}, doi = {10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278923}, pages = {1 -- 3}, year = {2020}, abstract = {An improvement on a concept for all optical mag- netometry using nitrogen vacancies in diamond is presented. The concept is based on the fluorescence attenuation of optically pumped nitrogen vacancies by magnetic fields up to ≈ 50 mT. The attenuation is registered by modulating the pumping power to generate a constant signal at a photodetector. A sensitivity of 2.6μT/√Hz at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz is achieved.}, language = {de} } @book{Poppe2020, author = {Poppe, Martin}, title = {Grundkurs Theoretische Elektrotechnik}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-61913-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-61914-8}, publisher = {FH M{\"u}nster - University of Applied Sciences}, pages = {167}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Dieses Buch erkl{\"a}rt, warum es verschiedene Varianten der Maxwell'schen Gleichungen gibt und was genau die physikalische Bedeutung der in ihnen vorkommenden Gr{\"o}ßen ist. Gezeigt wird ferner, wie sich die Bestimmungsgleichungen f{\"u}r statische elektrische und magnetische Potenziale aus den Maxwell'schen Gleichungen ergeben. Dabei ist die Rolle der dem Feld ausgesetzter Materie immer von Anfang an integraler Bestandteil der Diskussion. Multipolentwicklungen werden begr{\"u}ndet und hergeleitet. Ferner wird dargelegt, welches Vereinfachungspotenzial in der Formulierung der dynamischen Theorie als Eichfeldtheorie liegt. Die Gesetze der Optik werden aus denen der Elektrodynamik hergeleitet. F{\"u}r quasi-station{\"a}re Rechnungen werden Begr{\"u}ndungen geliefert, Grenzen formuliert und technische Gegenbeispiele gezeigt. Am Schluss wird auf weiterf{\"u}hrende Literatur hingewiesen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{VoelkerVolodinaTuexenetal.2020, author = {V{\"o}lker, Timo and Volodina, Ekaterina and T{\"u}xen, Michael and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul}, title = {A QUIC Simulation Model for INET and its Application to the Acknowledgment Ratio Issue}, series = {2020 IFIP Networking Conference}, booktitle = {2020 IFIP Networking Conference}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {978-3-903176-28-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-149662}, pages = {737 -- 742}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) is a novel transport protocol introducing known features in a new protocol design. To investigate these features and the design, we developed a QUIC implementation in the INET simulation model suite. In this paper, we describe that implementation, its validation and a result achieved using the simulation model. The result shows the negative impact on throughput, when raising the acknowledgment ratio. We propose a solution and describe how it solves the issue.}, language = {en} } @misc{FairhurstJonesTuexenetal.2020, author = {Fairhurst, Gorry and Jones, Tom and T{\"u}xen, Michael and R{\"u}ngeler, Irene and V{\"o}lker, Timo}, title = {Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery for Datagram Transports}, publisher = {IETF}, doi = {10.17487/RFC8899}, year = {2020}, language = {en} }