@article{KazasidisVerpoortSolovievetal.2018, author = {Kazasidis, Orestis and Verpoort, Sven and Soloviev, Oleg and Vdovin, Gleb and Verhaegen, Michel and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Extended-image-based correction of aberrations using a deformable mirror with hysteresis}, series = {Opt. Expr.}, volume = {26}, journal = {Opt. Expr.}, doi = {10.1364/OE.26.027161}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-14759}, pages = {27161 -- 27178}, year = {2018}, abstract = {With a view to the next generation of large space telescopes, we investigate guide-star-free, image-based aberration correction using a unimorph deformable mirror in a plane conjugate to the primary mirror. We designed and built a high-resolution imaging testbed to evaluate control algorithms. In this paper we use an algorithm based on the heuristic hill climbing technique and compare the correction in three different domains, namely the voltage domain, the domain of the Zernike modes, and the domain of the singular modes of the deformable mirror. Through our systematic experimental study, we found that successive control in two domains effectively counteracts uncompensated hysteresis of the deformable mirror.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KazasidisVerpoortWittrock2018, author = {Kazasidis, Orestis and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Algorithm design for image-based wavefront control without wavefront sensing}, series = {SPIE Optical Instrument Science, Technology, and Applications, Proc. SPIE}, volume = {10695}, booktitle = {SPIE Optical Instrument Science, Technology, and Applications, Proc. SPIE}, doi = {10.1117/12.2312523}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-14760}, pages = {1069502}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Active optics is an enabling technology for future large space telescopes. Image-based wavefront control uses an image-sharpness metric to evaluate the optical performance. A control algorithm iteratively adapts a corrective element to maximize this metric, without reconstructing the wavefront. We numerically study a sharpness metric in the space of Zernike modes, and reveal that for large aberrations the Zernike modes are not orthogonal with respect to this metric. The findings are experimentally verified by using a unimorph deformable mirror as corrective element. We discuss the implications for the correction process and the design of control algorithms.}, language = {en} } @incollection{VerpoortWittrock2009, author = {Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Miniaturized adaptive mirror for solid state laser resonators}, series = {Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine, Shatura, Russia}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine, Shatura, Russia}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VerpoortWittrock2011, author = {Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Deformable mirrors for high power lasers}, series = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine (AOIM)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine (AOIM)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-106953}, year = {2011}, abstract = {It has been shown that the beam quality and the efficiency of high-power solid-state lasers could be enhanced by the use of deformable mirrors in order to compensate for optical aberrations. An intracavity compensation requires a deformable mirror which is capable of handling very high laser intensities. The active diameter of the deformable mirror should be a few millimeters in order to match typical fundamental mode laser beam diameters. There is a wide variety of commercially available deformable mirrors, but neither meets all requirements.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KazasidisVerpoortWittrock2019, author = {Kazasidis, Orestis and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Image-based wavefront correction for space telescopes}, series = {International Conference on Space Optics - ICSO 2018}, booktitle = {International Conference on Space Optics - ICSO 2018}, publisher = {Proc. SPIE}, doi = {10.1117/12.2536206}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-109036}, pages = {111807Z}, year = {2019}, abstract = {With a view to future large space telescopes, we investigate image-based wavefront correction with active optics. We use an image-sharpness metric as merit function to evaluate the image quality, and the Zernike modes as control variables. In severely aberrated systems, the Zernike modes are not orthogonal to each other with respect to this merit function. Using wavefront maps, the PSF, and the MTF, we discuss the physical causes for the non-orthogonality of the Zernike modes with respect to the merit function. We show that for combinations of Zernike modes with the same azimuthal order, a flatter wavefront in the central region of the aperture is more important than the RMS wavefront error across the full aperture for achieving a better merit function. The non-orthogonality of the Zernike modes with respect to the merit function should be taken into account when designing the algorithm for image-based wavefront correction, because it may slow down the process or lead to premature convergence.}, language = {en} } @article{KazasidisVerpoortWittrock2019, author = {Kazasidis, Orestis and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Aberration balancing using an image-sharpness metric}, series = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. A}, volume = {36}, journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. A}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1364/JOSAA.36.001418}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-109198}, pages = {1418 -- 1422}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Image-sharpness metrics can be used to optimize optical systems and to control wavefront sensorless adaptive optics systems. We show that for an aberrated system, the numerical value of an image-sharpness metric can be improved by adding specific aberrations. The optimum amplitudes of the additional aberrations depend on the power spectral density of the spatial frequencies of the object.}, language = {en} } @article{VerpoortBittnerWittrock2020, author = {Verpoort, Sven and Bittner, Matthias and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Fast focus-shifter based on a unimorph deformable mirror}, series = {Applied Optics}, volume = {59}, journal = {Applied Optics}, number = {23}, organization = {Optical Society of America}, issn = {1559-128X}, doi = {10.1364/AO.397495}, pages = {6959 -- 6965}, year = {2020}, abstract = {On-the-fly remote laser processing plays an increasingly important role in modern fabrication techniques. These processes require guiding of the focus of a laser beam along the contours of the workpiece in three dimensions. State-of-the-art galvanometer scanners already provide highly dynamic and precise transverse x-y beam steering. However, longitudinal focus shifting ("z-shifting") relying on conventional optics is restricted to a bandwidth of a few hundred Hz. We have developed and manufactured a fast piezo-based z-shifting mirror with diffraction-limited surface fidelity providing a focus shift of 1z> 60 mm with an actuation rate of 2 kHz.}, language = {en} } @article{KazasidisVerpoortWittrock2020, author = {Kazasidis, Orestis and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich}, title = {Sensor for dynamic focus control of a deformable mirror}, series = {Appl. Opt.}, journal = {Appl. Opt.}, number = {59}, doi = {10.1364/AO.392970}, pages = {5625 -- 5630}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We recently presented a novel unimorph deformable mirror which allows for dynamic focus shift with an actuation rate of 2 kHz. Such mirrors suffer from hysteresis and creep. Therefore, they have to be operated in closed-loop. For this purpose, we developed a defocus sensor based on an astigmatic detection system. In this paper, we present the sensor design and discuss its performance.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeitzGerhardsVerpoortetal.2021, author = {Leitz, Sinje and Gerhards, Maximilian and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich and Freudling, Maximilian and Grzesik, Andreas and Erhard, Markus and Hallibert, Pascal}, title = {Vibration and shock testing of a 50 mm aperture unimorph deformable mirror}, series = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Space Optics (ICSO)}, volume = {11852}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Space Optics (ICSO)}, organization = {ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk}, doi = {10.25974/fhms-13740}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-137401}, pages = {118524N}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We present our latest results on a refined unimorph deformable mirror which was developed in the frame of the ESA GSTP activity "Enabling Technologies for Piezo-Based Deformable Mirrors in Active Optics Correction Chains". The identified baseline concept with the soft piezoceramic material PIC151 successfully sustained all vibration requirements (17.8 gRMS random and 20 g sine) and shock testing (300 g SRS). We cover the mirror design development which reduces the stress in the brittle piezo-ceramic by 90 \% compared to the design from a former GSTP activity. We briefly address the optical characterization of the deformable mirror, namely the achieved Zernike amplitudes as well as the unpowered surface deformation (1.7 µm) and active flattening (12.3 nmRMS). The mirror produces low-order Zernike modes with a stroke of several tens of micrometer over a correction aperture of 50 mm, which makes the mirror a versatile tool for space telescopes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FreudlingGrzesikErhardetal.2021, author = {Freudling, Maximilian and Grzesik, Andreas and Erhard, Markus and Gerhards, Maximilian and Leitz, Sinje and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich and Hallibert, Pascal}, title = {Space-qualified piezo based deformable mirror for future instruments with active optics}, series = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Space Optics (ICSO)}, volume = {11852}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Space Optics (ICSO)}, organization = {ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk}, doi = {10.25974/fhms-13741}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-137410}, pages = {1185231-11}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of the technology development project "Enabling Technologies for Piezo-Based Deformable Mirrors in Active Optics Correction Chains" conducted by OHB System AG together with its partner M{\"u}nster University of Applied Sciences (MUAS). The project was funded by ESA within their General Support Technology Programme (GSTP). We address in this paper mainly the definition, flow-down and verification of the requirements for the Deformable Mirror (DM). The requirements were derived from a set of real space mission applications. The deformation of the mirror is performed by piezo-ceramic actuators in an unimorph configuration. The finally developed DM is able produce Zernike modes with a stroke of several tens of µm over a clear optical aperture of 50 mm in diameter. It underwent successfully a full environmental qualification campaign including thermal cycling, shock- and vibration testing, as well as exposure to proton and γ-ray radiation. Thermal and performance tests were performed in the temperature range from 100 K to 300 K. Furthermore, the DM sustained all vibration (random 17.8 g RMS and sinus) and shock (300 g) testing. Thereby all criticalities which were identified a previous study have been overcome successfully. A Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 5 is reached, as the component has been validated in relevant environment. Based on the high level of maturity, this deformable mirror is now ready for the incorporation in future flight instruments. The achieved TRL of 5 is sufficient for the status of a PDR at payload level and gives thus a very good basis for all kinds of potential B2, C/D payload developments.}, language = {en} }