@inproceedings{VerpoortRauschWittrock2012,
  author    = {Verpoort, Sven and Rausch, Peter and Wittrock, Ulrich},
  title     = {Novel unimorph deformable mirror for space applications},
  series = {International Conference on Space Optics (ICSO), Proc. SPIE},
  volume    = {10564},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Space Optics (ICSO), Proc. SPIE},
  publisher = {SPIE},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-651},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-6516},
  pages     = {1056414-1},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {We have developed a new type of unimorph deformable mirror, designed to correct for low-order Zernike modes. The mirror has a clear optical aperture of 50 mm combined with large peak-to-valley Zernike amplitudes of up to 35 μm. Newly developed fabrication processes allow the use of prefabricated super-polished and coated glass substrates. The mirror's unique features suggest the use in several stronomical applications like the precompensation of atmospheric aberrations seen by laser beacons and the use in woofer-tweeter systems. Additionally, the design enables an efficient correction of the inevitable wavefront error imposed by the floppy structure of primary mirrors in future large space-based telescopes. We have modeled the mirror by using analytical as well as finite element models. We will present design, key features and manufacturing steps of the deformable mirror.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RauschVerpoortWittrock2012,
  author    = {Rausch, Peter and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich},
  title     = {Novel unimorph adaptive mirrors for astronomy applications},
  series = {Proc. SPIE 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III, 844764},
  booktitle = {Proc. SPIE 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III, 844764},
  publisher = {SPIE},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-620},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-6203},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {We have developed a new type of unimorph deformable mirror for the correction of low-order Zernike modes. The mirror features a clear aperture of 50 mm combined with large peak-to-valley amplitudes of up to 35 μm. Newly developed fabrication processes allow the use of prefabricated, coated, super-polished glass substrates. The mirror's unique features suggest the use in several astronomical applications like the compensation of atmospheric aberrations seen by laser beacons, low light astronomy, and the use in woofer-tweeter systems. Additionally, the design enables an efficient correction of the inevitable wave-front error imposed by the floppy structure of primary mirrors in future large space telescopes. We have modeled the mirror by using analytical as well as finite element models. We will present design, key features and manufacturing steps of the deformable mirror.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RauschVerpoortWittrock2012,
  author    = {Rausch, Peter and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich},
  title     = {Characterization of a miniaturized unimorph deformable mirror for high power cw-solid state lasers},
  series = {Proc. SPIE 8253, MEMS Adaptive Optics VI, 825309},
  booktitle = {Proc. SPIE 8253, MEMS Adaptive Optics VI, 825309},
  publisher = {SPIE},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-622},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-6226},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {We have developed a new type of unimorph deformable mirror for real-time intra-cavity phase control of high power cw-lasers. The approach is innovative in its combination of super-polished and pre-coated highly reflective substrates, the miniaturization of the unimorph principle, and the integration of a monolithic tip/tilt functionality. Despite the small optical aperture of only 9 mm diameter, the mirror is able to produce a stroke of several microns for low order Zernike modes, paired with a residual static root-mean-square aberration of less than 0.04 µm. In this paper, the characteristics of the mirror such as the influence functions, the dynamic behavior, and the power handling capability are reported. The mirror was subjected to a maximum of 490 W of laser-light at a wavelength of 1030 nm. Due to the high reflectivity of over 99.998 percent the mirror is able to withstand intensities up to 1.5 MW/cm2.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RauschVerpoortWittrock2014,
  author    = {Rausch, Peter and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich},
  title     = {Performance verification and environmental testing of a unimorph deformable mirror for space applications.},
  series = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Space Optics - ICSO, Tenerife, Spain},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Space Optics - ICSO, Tenerife, Spain},
  publisher = {FH M{\"u}nster},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-771},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-7716},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Concepts for future large space telescopes require an active optics system to mitigate aberrations caused by thermal deformation and gravitational release. Such a system would allow on-site correction of wave-front errors and ease the requirements for thermal and gravitational stability of the optical train. In the course of the ESA project "Development of Adaptive Deformable Mirrors for Space Instruments" we have developed a unimorph deformable mirror designed to correct for low-order aberrations and dedicated to be used in space environment. We briefly report on design and manufacturing of the deformable mirror and present results from performance verifications and environmental testing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RauschVerpoortWittrock2015,
  author    = {Rausch, Peter and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich},
  title     = {Unimorph deformable mirror for space telescopes: design and manufacturing},
  series = {Opt. Expr.},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Opt. Expr.},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-822},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-8227},
  pages     = {19469 -- 19477},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Large space telescopes made of deployable and lightweight structures suffer from aberrations caused by thermal deformations, gravitational release, and alignment errors which occur during the deployment procedure. An active optics system would allow on-site correction of wave-front errors, and ease the requirements on thermal and mechanical stability of the optical train. In the course of a project funded by the European Space Agency we have developed and manufactured a unimorph deformable mirror based on piezoelectric actuation. The mirror is able to work in space environment and is designed to correct for large aberrations of low order with high surface fidelity. This paper discusses design, manufacturing and performance results of the deformable mirror.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RauschVerpoortWittrock2016,
  author    = {Rausch, Peter and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich},
  title     = {Unimorph deformable mirror for space telescopes: environmental testing},
  series = {Opt. Expr.},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Opt. Expr.},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-853},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-8530},
  pages     = {1528 -- 1542},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {We have developed and manufactured a unimorph deformable mirror for space telescopes based on piezoelectric actuation. The mirror features 44 actuators, has an aperture of 50 mm, and is designed to reproduce low-order Zernike modes with a stroke of several tens of µm. We assessed the space compliance by operating the mirror in thermal vacuum, and exposing it to random and sinusoidal vibrations, as well as to ionizing irradiation. Additionally, the operational life time and the laser power handling capability were tested. The mirror was successfully operated in thermal vacuum at 100 K. We report on the conducted tests and the methods used to evaluate the mirror\&\#180;s performance, and discuss the compliance with the demanded requirements},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{RauschVerpoortWittrock2016,
  author    = {Rausch, Peter and Verpoort, Sven and Wittrock, Ulrich},
  title     = {Unimorph piezoelectric deformable mirrors for space telescopes},
  series = {Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, Proc. SPIE},
  volume    = {9904},
  booktitle = {Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, Proc. SPIE},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-923},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-9230},
  pages     = {990468},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {We have developed, manufactured and tested a unimorph deformable mirror for space applications based on piezoelectric actuation. The mirror was designed for the correction of low-order Zernike modes with a stroke of several tens of micrometers over a clear aperture of 50 mm. It was successfully tested in thermal vacuum, underwent lifetime tests, and was exposed to random vibrations, sinusoidal vibrations, and to ionizing radiation. We report on design considerations, manufacturing of the mirror, and present the test results. Furthermore, we discuss critical design parameters, and how our mirror could be adapted to serve recently proposed space telescopes such as HDST and TALC.},
  language  = {de}
}