@article{MuellerZentgraf2021,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Carsten and Zentgraf, Karen},
  title     = {Neck and Trunk Strength Training to Mitigate Head Acceleration in Youth Soccer Players},
  series = {he Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {he Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research},
  doi       = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000003822},
  pages     = {S81 -- S89},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Heading in soccer involves repetitive head accelerations that may be detrimental for brain health. One way to mitigate adverse effects may be to increase head-neck stabilization and thus reduce the kinematic response after intentional headers. This study aimed to (a) assess associations between neck strength and head kinematics and (b) evaluate an exercise intervention designed to increase strength and attenuate head acceleration during intentional heading in youth soccer players. In 22 athletes, we used accelerometers to assess associations between neck strength and peak linear acceleration (PLA). We attached the accelerometers to the occiput and sternum, allowing us to differentiate between total, trunk, and head PLA. Longitudinally, we evaluated the effects of a 14-week twice-weekly resistance training in a subsample of 14 athletes compared with regular soccer training (N = 13). Results showed that female athletes had lower isolated neck strength (p ≤ 0.004), lower functional neck strength (p ≤ 0.017), and higher total PLA during purposeful headers compared with males (17.2 ± 3.5 g and 13.0 ± 2.3 g, respectively, at 9.6 m·s-1 ball velocity during impact; p = 0.003). The intervention group showed moderate to large strength gains (η = 0.16-0.42), resulting in lower PLA (total -2.4 g, trunk -0.8 g, and head -1.5 g) during headers. We conclude that a resistance training focusing on cervical and trunk musculature is practicable in youth soccer, elicits strength gains, and helps to mitigate PLA during purposeful heading. Results should encourage youth strength and conditioning professionals to incorporate neck exercises as a risk reduction strategy into their training routine.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FergerHackbarthMyloetal.2019,
  author    = {Ferger, Katja and Hackbarth, Michael and Mylo, Max David and M{\"u}ller, Carsten and Zentgraf, Karen},
  title     = {Measuring temporal and spatial accuracy in trampolining},
  series = {Sports Engineering},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Sports Engineering},
  number    = {18},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12283-019-0310-9},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {A new measurement system (horizontal displacement, time of flight, synchronicity—HDTS) was investigated regarding the latest changes to the international evaluation rules in trampoline gymnastics. It allows for the real-time measurement of objective criteria, such as flight time and landing position, without affecting the gymnast. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal and spatial accuracy of a measurement tool via cross-validation. Temporal precision was additionally tested via high-speed video landing and takeoff, while a three-dimensional motion capturing system was incorporated for spatial precision. The Bland-Altman "limit of agreement approach" was used for the assessment of congruence between the measurement systems. The new measurement system presented an average spatial deviation of 3.2 cm and a temporal deviation between - 5.8 and + 6.4 ms for the landing and - 11.3 and + 11.3 ms for the takeoff. Given its temporal and spatial accuracy in determining flight time and landing position as identified through cross-validation, the novel HDTS system proved to be suitable for its use in trampoline competitions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerZentgraf2018,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Carsten and Zentgraf, Karen},
  title     = {Spezifisches Krafttraining der Nackenmuskulatur (DFB-Akademie Wissen) Ein waghalsiges Training - Krafttraining zur Pr{\"a}vention m{\"o}glicher Sp{\"a}tfolgen durch h{\"a}ufiges Kopfballspiel},
  series = {DFB-Akademie},
  journal   = {DFB-Akademie},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Die hohe Anzahl sportassoziierter Gehirnersch{\"u}tterungen verdeutlicht die gesundheitliche Bedeutung dieser Verletzungen. Im Fußball liegt das Risiko bei 0,2 bis 1,4 Sch{\"a}del-Hirnverletzungen pro 1.000 Spiel- und Trainingsstunden. Vor dem Hintergrund der Verletzungspr{\"a}vention wird zwischen antizipierten und nicht-antizipierten Kraftst{\"o}ßen auf den Kopf unterschieden. Insbesondere j{\"u}ngere und weibliche Spieler/innen k{\"o}nnen von einem spezifischen Training der Hals- und Rumpfmuskulatur zur Verletzungspr{\"a}vention profitieren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{MuellerZentgraf2020,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Carsten and Zentgraf, Karen},
  title     = {Specific Neck and Trunk Strength Training to Mitigate Head Acceleration in Youth Soccer Players - A Practical Guide},
  doi       = {10.13140/RG.2.2.27782.40006},
  pages     = {28},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{MuellerHendkerSzwajcaetal.2017,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Carsten and Hendker, Anna and Szwajca, Sebastian and Zentgraf, Karen},
  title     = {The relation between agility performance (changes) and core stability in elite handball and volleyball players},
  series = {Conference: Cogito, ergo commoveo - Multitasking im Sport},
  booktitle = {Conference: Cogito, ergo commoveo - Multitasking im Sport},
  publisher = {Feldhaus, Edition Czwalina},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-88020-648-9},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Although practical guidelines refer to core stability as a necessity for agility performance, it is not explicitly considered a prerequisite for agility performance development. Therefore, we assume an essential role of the core regarding the development of agility performance.},
  language  = {en}
}