@article{AnandHengstGellneretal.2023,
  author    = {Anand, Corinna and Hengst, Karin and Gellner, Reinhold and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effects of the healthy lifestyle community program (cohort 1) on stress-eating and weight change after 8 weeks: a controlled study},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-27063-4},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Stress-eating (eating more or more unhealthily in order to accommodate to stress), contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. The effect of comprehensive weight loss interventions on changes in stress-eating as well as the contributing role of stress-eating on weight reduction has not been examined. The impact of the 8-week intensive phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on emotional, external and restrained eating, as expressions of stress-eating was evaluated in a non-randomized controlled trial. Intervention: 14 seminars (twice per week, including practical units), complemented by stress-regulation and cooking workshops and coaching sessions empowering participants to change their behaviour towards a healthy plant-based diet (ad libitum), stress regulation, regular exercise and to focus on social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. In the intervention group, 91 participants (IG; age: 56 ± 10, 77\% female) and in the control group, 52 (CG; age: 62 ± 14, 57\% female) were enrolled. At baseline, participants of the IG reported higher levels of stress (9.7 ± 5.4 points [P] vs. 7.6 ± 6.2; p < 0.011), and of emotional eating (27.9 ± 9.4 vs. 20.0 ± 7.1; p < 0.001) and external eating (29.1 ± 4.9 vs. 25.5 ± 5.6; p < 0.001) than participants of the CG. Within 8 weeks, in the IG, scores of emotional eating (- 3.5 ± 5.4 P) and external eating significantly decreased (= - 2.0 ± 3.8 P), while restrained eating increased (2.7 ± 5.0 P; p for all < 0.001). Weight change was negatively correlated with change of external eating (R2 = 0.045; CC = - 0.285; p = 0.014), indicating that a greater weight change was associated with a smaller change of external eating. This is the first study to prospectively investigate the role of stress-eating on the weight reduction effect of comprehensive lifestyle interventions. Our data confirm that overweight is associated with EE and external eating and suggest that the HLCP is capable to reduce both, weight and stress-eating.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HusainHillmannHengstetal.2023,
  author    = {Husain, Sarah and Hillmann, Katharina and Hengst, Karin and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effects of a lifestyle intervention on the biomarkers of oxidative stress in non-communicable diseases: A systematic review},
  series = {Frontiers in Aging},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Aging},
  publisher = {Frontiers Journal},
  address   = {Germany},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-16082},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-160827},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Therefore, improvement of oxidative stress status through lifestyle intervention can play a vital role in preventing and treating chronic diseases. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of articles published in the last decade examining the association between lifestyle intervention and oxidative stress biomarkers in the context of non-communicable diseases. The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. This systematic review focused on the four important oxidative stress biomarkers; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and malondialdehyde. 671 articles were identified, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. A trend emerged, showing that lifestyle modifications that focus on diet and physical health can improve oxidative stress in the form of an increase in superoxide dismutase and CAT levels and a decrease in Malondialdehyde levels in participants with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), GSH levels were not affected. However, the results are difficult to compare because of the heterogeneity of the methods of the biomarkers studied. Our review indicates that oxidative stress can be influenced by lifestyle modifications and may be an effective tool for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. This review also elucidated the importance of analyzing multiple oxidative stress biomarkers to evaluate oxidative stress, it further highlights the need to conduct long-term lifestyle intervention studies on oxidative stress biomarkers to understand the connection between oxidative stress biomarkers, NCDs and Lifestyle intervention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoederAnandHusainetal.2023,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Anand, Corinna and Husain, Sarah and Kranz, Ragna-Marie and Schoch, Nora and Alzughayyar, Dima and Bitterlich, Norman and Hahn, Andreas and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Exploratory analysis of the effect of a controlled lifestyle intervention on inflammatory markers - the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (cohort 2)},
  series = {BMC Nutrition},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {BMC Nutrition},
  number    = {25},
  issn      = {2055-0928},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40795-023-00684-2},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. The objective of the study was to test the effect of a healthy lifestyle intervention on biomarkers of inflammation (among other risk markers). Methods We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87). The intervention consisted of a 1-year lifestyle programme focusing on diet (largely plant-based; strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management, and social support. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Homocysteine (Hcy) was assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, and 1 year. Adiponectin (Apn) was assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. An exploratory analysis of these inflammatory markers assessing the between-group differences with ANCOVA was conducted. Results The 1-year trajectory of hs-CRP was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -0.8 (95\% CI -1.2, -0.3) mg/l; p = 0.001; adjusted for baseline). The 1-year trajectory of Hcy was non-significantly higher in the intervention compared to control (between-group difference: 0.2 (95\% CI -0.3, 0.7) µmol/l; p = 0.439; adjusted for baseline). From baseline to 10 weeks, Apn decreased significantly more in the intervention group compared to control (between-group difference: -1.6 (95\% CI -2.7, -0.5) µg/ml; p = 0.004; adjusted for baseline). Conclusions Our study shows that healthy lifestyle changes can lower hs-CRP and Apn levels and are unlikely to significantly affect Hcy levels within 1 year. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; reference: DRKS00018775, registered 12 Sept 2019; retrospectively registered; www.drks.de).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KranzKettlerKoederetal.2023,
  author    = {Kranz, Ragna-Marie and Kettler, Carmen and Koeder, Christian and Husain, Sarah and Anand, Corinna and Schoch, Nora and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Health Economic Evaluation of a Controlled Lifestyle Intervention: The Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (Cohort 2; HLCP-2)},
  series = {Nutrients},
  journal   = {Nutrients},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-17454},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-174544},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We evaluated changes in total costs, comprising direct and indirect costs, due to a 24-month non-randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention trial with six measurement time points aiming to improve the risk profile for NCDs. Overall, 187 individuals from the general population aged ≥18 years were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112), receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy, plant-based diet; physical activity; stress management; and community support, followed by a 22-month follow-up phase including monthly seminars, or a control group (CG; n = 75) without intervention. The complete data sets of 118 participants (IG: n = 79; CG: n = 39) were analyzed. At baseline, total costs per person amounted to 67.80 ± 69.17 EUR in the IG and 48.73 ± 54.41 EUR in the CG per week. The reduction in total costs was significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG after 10 weeks (p = 0.012) and 6 months (p = 0.004), whereas direct costs differed significantly after 10 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p = 0.041) and 12 months (p = 0.012) between the groups. The HLCP-2 was able to reduce health-related economic costs, primarily due to the reduction in direct costs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AnandKranzHusainetal.2022,
  author    = {Anand, Corinna and Kranz, Ragna-Marie and Husain, Sarah and Koeder, Christian and Schoch, Nora and Karam Alzughayyar, Dima and Gellner, Reinhold and Hengst, Karin and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Bridging the gap between science and society: long-term effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on weight and the metabolic risk profile: a controlled study},
  series = {BMJ Nutrition, Prevention \& Health},
  journal   = {BMJ Nutrition, Prevention \& Health},
  doi       = {10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000340},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background The potential of adopting a healthy lifestyle to fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is not fully used. We hypothesised that the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) reduces weight and other risk markers compared with baseline and control. Methods 24-month, non-randomised, controlled intervention trial. Intervention: intensive 8-week phase with seminars, workshops and coaching focusing on a healthy lifestyle (eg, plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management) and group support followed by a 22-month alumni phase. Weight reduction as the primary outcome and other NCD risk parameters were assessed at six time points. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results 143 participants (58±12 years, 71\% female) were enrolled (91 in the intervention (IG) and 52 in the control group (CG)). Groups' baseline characteristics were comparable, except participants of IG were younger, more often females, overweight and reported lower energy intake (kcal/day). Weight significantly decreased in IG at all follow-ups by -1.5 ± 1.9 kg after 8 weeks to -1.9 ± 4.0 kg after 24 months and more than in CG (except after 24 months). Being male, in the IG or overweight at baseline and having a university degree predicted more weight loss. After the intervention, there were more participants in the IG with a 'high' adherence (+12\%) to plant-based food patterns. The change of other risk parameters was most distinct after 8 weeks and in people at elevated risk. Diabetes-related risk parameters did not improve. Conclusion The HLCP was able to reduce weight and to improve aspects of the NCD risk profile. Weight loss in the IG was moderate but maintained for 24 months. Participants of lower educational status might benefit from even more practical units. Future interventions should aim to include more participants at higher risk. Trial registration number DRKS00018821.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoederHusainKranzetal.2022,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Husain, Sarah and Kranz, Ragna-Marie and Anand, Corinna and Alzughayyar, Dima and Schoch, Nora and Hahn, Andrea and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Healthy lifestyle changes favourably affect common carotid intima-media thickness: the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (cohort 2)},
  series = {Journal of Nutritional Science},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Nutritional Science},
  doi       = {10.1017/jns.2022.46},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) progression is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), whereas healthy lifestyle habits are associated with lower ccIMT. The objective of the present study was to test whether a healthy lifestyle intervention can beneficially affect ccIMT progression. A community-based non-randomised, controlled lifestyle intervention was conducted, focusing on a predominantly plant-based diet (strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management and social health. Assessments of ccIMT were made at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Participants had an average age of 57 years and were recruited from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n 114; control: n 87). From baseline to 1 year, mean ccIMT significantly increased in both the intervention (0⋅026 [95 \% CI 0⋅012, 0⋅039] mm) and control group (0⋅045 [95 \% CI 0⋅033, 0⋅056] mm). The 1-year trajectory of mean ccIMT was lower in the intervention group (P = 0⋅022; adjusted for baseline). In a subgroup analysis with participants with high baseline mean ccIMT (≥0⋅800 mm), mean ccIMT non-significantly decreased in the intervention group (-0⋅016 [95 \% CI -0⋅050, 0⋅017] mm; n 18) and significantly increased in the control group (0⋅065 [95 \% CI 0⋅033, 0⋅096] mm; n 12). In the subgroup, the 1-year trajectory of mean ccIMT was significantly lower in the intervention group (between-group difference: -0⋅051 [95 \% CI -0⋅075, -0⋅027] mm; P < 0⋅001; adjusted for baseline). The results indicate that healthy lifestyle changes may beneficially affect ccIMT within 1 year, particularly if baseline ccIMT is high.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AnandHengstGellneretal.2022,
  author    = {Anand, Corinna and Hengst, Karin and Gellner, Reinhold and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Eight weeks of lifestyle change: What are the effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (cohort 1) on Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and perceived stress?},
  series = {Chronic Stress},
  journal   = {Chronic Stress},
  doi       = {10.1177/24705470221099206},
  pages     = {accepted},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AnandHengstGellneretal.2022,
  author    = {Anand, Corinna and Hengst, Karin and Gellner, Reinhold and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Eight Weeks of Lifestyle Change: What are the Effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (Cohort 1) on Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and Perceived Stress?},
  series = {Chronic stress},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Chronic stress},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1177/24705470221099206},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Stress and cortisol dysregulation are linked to NCDs. Moreover, stress favours unhealthy lifestyle patterns, which increase the risk for NCDs. The role of the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and the effect of lifestyle interventions on the same remain unclear. Methods: The impact of the intensive 8-week phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on parameters of the CAR, ie cortisol values 0 (sample [S]1), 30), 45 and 60 minutes post-awakening, average peak, S1-peak delta and area under the increase curve (AUCI), and perceived stress levels (PSL) was evaluated in a non-randomized, controlled trial. Covariates of the CAR (eg sleep measures) and irregularities in sampling were assessed. The intervention focussed on stress management, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: 97 participants (age: 56 ± 10 years; 71\% female), with 68 in the intervention group (IG; age: 55 ± 8, 77\% female) and 29 participants in the control group (CG; age: 59 ± 12, 59\% female), were included in the analysis. The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable, except participants of IG were younger. On average, the PSL at baseline was low in both groups (IG: 9.7 ± 5.4 points; CG: 8.5 ± 6.9 points; p = .165), but 22\% (n = 15) in the IG and 20\% (n = 6) in the CG reported a high PSL. Most participants reported irregularities in CAR sampling, eg interruption of sleep (IG: 80\% CG: 81\%). After 8 weeks, most CAR parameters and the PSL decreased in the IG and CG, resulting in no differences of change between the groups. In the IG only, a decrease of PSL was linked to an increase of CAR parameters, eg AUCI (correlation coefficient = -0.307; p = .017). Conclusion: The HLCP may potentially reduce PSL and change the CAR, but results cannot be clearly attributed to the programme. Methodological challenges and multiple confounders, limit suitability of the CAR in the context of lifestyle interventions. Other measures (eg hair-cortisol) may give further insights. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS); DRKS00018821; www.drks.de},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoederHahnEnglert2021,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Hahn, Andreas and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {A plant-based diet and healthy lifestyle lower C-reactive protein levels},
  series = {Complement Med Res},
  booktitle = {Complement Med Res},
  doi       = {10.1159/000514476},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-131847},
  pages     = {6 -- 7},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Many disease processes are accompanied and promoted by increased inflammation in the body. Increased concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the blood are an indicator of subclinical inflammation, increased disease risk, and an increased risk of early death. A healthy plant-based diet and increased physical activity have been shown to reduce hs-CRP concentrations. Objectives: Our objective was to test if a healthy lifestyle intervention program can improve hs-CRP levels and other risk factors. Methodology: We are conducting a non-randomized, controlled intervention study with 6 times of measurement (baseline, after 2.5, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months). Participants in the intervention group (n = 104) took part in a 2.5-month intensive lifestyle program focusing on a plant-based diet (PBD), physical activity, stress management and group support. Currently they are in the less intensive phase (monthly seminars) which will be completed after 24 months. The control group (n = 62) did not take part in any program. In both groups hs-CRP was assessed, and participants with an infection/common cold at any of the times of measurement were excluded from the analyses. Results: In the intervention group (n = 97) we observed a reduction in hsCRP from baseline to 2.5 months (p < 0.001). In the control group (n = 46) hs-CRP levels increased non-significantly. The changes from baseline to 2.5 months were significantly different between intervention and control (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our program led to a clinically relevant reduction in hs-CRP. Continued follow-up will show if this improvement can be maintained in the intervention group. Our study confirms that a PBD and healthier lifestyle choices can lower hs-CRP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoederHahnEnglert2021,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Hahn, Andreas and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effect of a 6-Month Controlled Lifestyle Intervention on Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness},
  series = {The journal of nutrition, health \& aging},
  journal   = {The journal of nutrition, health \& aging},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12603-021-1628-0},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoederHahnEnglert2021,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Hahn, Andreas and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {No clear association of sleep duration or bedtime with common carotid intima-media thickness},
  series = {Atherosclerosis},
  journal   = {Atherosclerosis},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.452},
  pages     = {e150 -- e151},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoederHusainKranzetal.2021,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Husain, Sarah and Kranz, Ragna-Marie and Hahn, Andreas and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {How to achieve sustainable eating in the general population?},
  series = {The 9th World Sustainability Forum Program and Abstract Book},
  booktitle = {The 9th World Sustainability Forum Program and Abstract Book},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-14045},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-140455},
  pages     = {57 -- 57},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Moving towards a more plant-based dietary pattern would likely be beneficial in terms of a variety of sustainability dimensions. Methodology: We conducted a 2-year intervention study with six measurement time points (baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 1½ years, 2 years) in rural northwest Germany. The intervention consisted of a lifestyle programme, and dietary recommendations were to move towards a healthy, plant-based diet. The control group received no intervention. Diet quality was assessed with the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI). Results: In the intervention group (n = 67), the 2-year trajectory of hPDI was significantly higher compared to control (n = 39; p 0.001; between-group difference: 5.7 (95\% CI 4.0, 7.3) food portions/day; adjusted for baseline). The 2-year trajectory of meat intake was significantly lower in the intervention group (n = 79) compared to control (n = 40; p 0.001; between-group difference: -0.7 (95\% CI -0.9, -0.5) portions/day; adjusted for baseline). Conclusion: Our study confirms that plant-based nutrition education in the general population is likely to result in at least modest dietary improvements in terms of general healthfulness and meat reduction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KranzEnglert2021,
  author    = {Kranz, Ragna-Marie and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effect of a community-based lifestyle intervention programme on quality of life among German women},
  series = {European Journal of Public Health},
  volume    = {Volume 31},
  journal   = {European Journal of Public Health},
  doi       = {10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.389},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Quality of life is an important concept in the field of health, which can be influenced by various lifestyle factors. The objective was to test if a community-based lifestyle programme would beneficially affect the health-related quality of life of German women. Methods The controlled intervention study had a total duration of 24 months. Quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), anthropometrics, vital and blood parameters as well as diagnosed diseases and health economic parameters were collected at baseline (t0), after 10 weeks (t1) and after 6 months (t2). For the intervention group (n = 65) a 10-week intensive lifestyle programme followed by monthly alumni meetings were conducted. The intensive phase consisted of 14 consecutive seminars about a healthy lifestyle, which focused on a plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management and community support. The control group (n = 35) received no intervention. Results The first descriptive health profile results of the subgroup analysis showed that 59\% women of the intervention group at t0 (t1: 37\%; t2: 48\%) and 60\% of the control group at t0 (t1: 54\%; t2: 49\%) reported problems in at least one of the EQ-5D dimensions (mobility, selfcare, activities, pain, and anxiety). A significant difference in EQ VAS change between women in intervention (7,15 [95\% CI 4,32; 9,98]; EQ VAS t0: 75,35 [SD 13,71]) and control group (-2,63 [95\% CI -5,40; 0,15]; EQ VAS t0: 78,80 [SD 18,51]) from t0 to t1 was observed (p < 001; adjusted for baseline). No significant differences in mean EQ VAS change from t0 to t2 and in mean EQ-5D index change from t0 to t1 and t0 to t2 between the groups were observed (p > 0,05; adjusted for baseline). Conclusions The preliminary results suggest that the lifestyle intervention programme can have a positive short-time effect on some aspects of quality of life, such as the health profile and EQ VAS. However, the long-term results will be shown in the future. Key messages - A healthy lifestyle can affect the quality of life in a positive way. - The community-based lifestyle programme had a short-time influence on the descriptive health profile and EQ VAS of German women, whereby the EQ index didńt change significantly between the groups.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoederHahnEnglert2021,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Hahn, Andreas and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Is fruit intake associated with common carotid intima-media thickness?},
  series = {European Journal of Public Health},
  journal   = {European Journal of Public Health},
  doi       = {10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.391},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) is an established risk marker for cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which are of high public health relevance. While a higher fruit intake is generally considered beneficial for cardiovascular health, recent studies have shown that a fruit intake of > 2 portions per day may be harmful. Therefore, we tested if there is an association between categories of fruit intake and mean ccIMT. Methods We conducted an exploratory, non-prespecified, cross-sectional analysis of baseline values of 167 mostly middle-aged participants of a controlled lifestyle intervention, recruited from the general population in rural northwest Germany (male: n = 58; female: n = 109). Fruit intake was classified into low (<1 portion of fruit/day), intermediate (1-2 portions of fruit/day), and high (>2 portions of fruit/day). Mean ccIMT was measured in accordance with the Mannheim consensus. Between-group differences in mean ccIMT were assessed with analysis of covariance. Results Mean age was 57.3 ± 0.7 years (mean ± SEM). Mean fruit intake was 1.6 ± 0.1 portions/day. Average mean ccIMT was 0.679 ± 0.010 mm. There was a significant difference in mean ccIMT between subjects with low (0.676 ± 0.020 mm; n = 50), intermediate (0.653 ± 0.014 mm; n = 72), and high fruit intake (0.724 ± 0.019 mm; n = 45; p = 0.016). But this difference was attenuated when adjusting for age, sex, and homocysteine (p = 0.418). Conclusions We found only a non-significant association between consuming >2 portions of fruit per day and ccIMT. Thus, our study could not confirm a negative effect of fruit intake on ccIMT. Age, sex, and homocysteine may confound this association. Key messages Current recommendations of 2 portions of fruit per day seem adequate and do not negatively influence carotid intima-media thickness. Future studies should address confounding of the association between fruit intake and cardiovascular risk markers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoederKranzAnandetal.2021,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Kranz, Ragna-Marie and Anand, Corinna and Husain, Sarah and Alzughayyar, Dima and Schoch, Nora and Hahn, Andreas and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effect of a 1-year controlled lifestyle intervention on body weight and other risk markers (the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme, cohort 2)},
  series = {Obesity Facts},
  journal   = {Obesity Facts},
  doi       = {10.1159/000521164},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KentRankinMortonetal.2021,
  author    = {Kent, Lillian and Rankin, Paul and Morton, Darren and Rankin, Rebekah and Greenlaw, Roger and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Volunteers: An Effective Medium for Delivering Therapeutic Lifestyle Interventions},
  series = {American Journal of Health Promotion},
  journal   = {American Journal of Health Promotion},
  doi       = {10.1177/08901171211062581},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoederEnglert2019,
  author    = {K{\"o}der, Christian and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Influence of a Community-Based Lifestyle Intervention Program Including Recommendations for a Plant-Based Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters},
  series = {Nutrients 2019: Nutritional Advances in the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease},
  booktitle = {Nutrients 2019: Nutritional Advances in the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease},
  editor    = {Serra Majem, Lluis and Luz Fern{\´a}ndez, Mar{\´i}a},
  publisher = {MDPI Nutrients 2019 Conference},
  address   = {Barcelona, Spain},
  pages     = {185 -- 185},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries and worldwide. The concentrations of serum total and LDL cholesterol as well as a higher intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (ccIMT) are associated with higher CVD risk. Measuring ccIMT makes it possible to already assess the atherosclerotic process at the subclinical stage. Methods: A two-year nonrandomized, controlled intervention study with 6 times of measurement (baseline; at 10 weeks; at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months). Participants of the intervention group (n = 112) took part in a ten-week intensive lifestyle program (including bi-weekly group sessions, workshops, and personal health coaching at baseline and at 10 weeks), followed by a less intensive phase (monthly lifestyle education group sessions). The control group (n = 87) did not take part in any program. In both groups, CVD-related parameters were assessed, including cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL), ccIMT (not assessed at 10 weeks), as well as health behavior (questionnaires). In between group means were compared with ANOVA using IBM SPSS 24. Results: After 10 weeks, the intervention group showed a reduction in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol values compared to baseline (p < 0.01). In the control group, these parameters did not change. After 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference in ccIMT change between intervention and control. The 6-month blood results are not available yet. Conclusion: Our lifestyle program led to clinically relevant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol. Continued follow-up will show whether the improvement of cholesterol levels will be maintained in the intervention group and whether ccIMT will differ between intervention and control.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HusainAnandMusioletal.2019,
  author    = {Husain, Sarah and Anand, Corinna and Musiol, Jennifer and Bordewick-Dell, Ursula and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effect of a Community-Based Lifestyle Intervention Program on the Blood Plasma Levels of Lipid Peroxidation in a Rural German Population after 10 Weeks of Intensive Intervention},
  series = {Nutrients 2019: Nutritional Advances in the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease},
  booktitle = {Nutrients 2019: Nutritional Advances in the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease},
  editor    = {Majem, Lluis Serra and Fern{\´a}ndez, Mar{\´i}a Luz},
  publisher = {MDPI Nutrients 2019 Conference},
  address   = {Barcelona, Spain},
  pages     = {219 -- 219},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Lifestyle diseases are linked with hyper-reactivity of inflammatory and immune cells. These cells generate free radicals in the patients, which results in oxidative stress. Recent studies have brought attention to the role of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Our research was focused on studying the effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention program on oxidative stress paraments in the plasma of a rural German community. In our study, we examined 105 participants in the intervention group and 70 participants in the control group. The intervention group received 10 weeks of intensive intervention in the form of seminars and workshops. The plasma levels were analyzed at baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention. This is a first-of-itskind study which elucidates the impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention program on the oxidative stress markers in German rural participants. The primary focus of our study was to motivate and encourage participants to switch over toward a healthier lifestyle by improving their knowledge and making them more aware of the principles of healthy living. This may be a useful community program approach, modifiable for different communities by health-services planners in the coming future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EnglertNkengfackMahmoudi2019,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Nkengfack, Germaine and Mahmoudi, Maryam},
  title     = {Selenium and Immunity},
  series = {Nutrition and Immunity. Herausgeber: Maryam Mahmoudi, Nima Rezai, Springer Verlag, 2019},
  booktitle = {Nutrition and Immunity. Herausgeber: Maryam Mahmoudi, Nima Rezai, Springer Verlag, 2019},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-16073-9},
  publisher      = {FH M{\"u}nster - University of Applied Sciences},
  pages     = {159 -- 166},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{KoederEnglert2018,
  author    = {Koeder, Christian and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Nutrient recommendations for vegans - what should we recommend?},
  series = {Kessler, C.: Complementary Medicine Research, Vol. 25, Suppl. 1},
  booktitle = {Kessler, C.: Complementary Medicine Research, Vol. 25, Suppl. 1},
  publisher = {S. Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.1159/000488417},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EnglertBruneKraatz2018,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Brune, M and Kraatz, A},
  title     = {The effects of a functional food, high in mono-, di-, oligo- and polysaccharids, on the blood sugar level in type 1 diabetics during a 10 km run},
  series = {Martirosyan D \& Nishizawa M: Encounters of Functional Foods and Asian Traditional Medicine},
  booktitle = {Martirosyan D \& Nishizawa M: Encounters of Functional Foods and Asian Traditional Medicine},
  publisher = {FSP},
  address   = {Osaka (Japan)},
  isbn      = {97811727769241},
  pages     = {35},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WennehorstMildensteinSaligeretal.2017,
  author    = {Wennehorst, K and Mildenstein, K and Saliger, B and Keil, T and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Does a holistic lifestyle intervention program improve health-related quality of life and psychological wellbeing in adults and diabetes risk?},
  series = {Diabetes Managment},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Diabetes Managment},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1758-1907},
  pages     = {256 -- 263},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WennehorstDiehlMildensteinetal.2016,
  author    = {Wennehorst, K and Diehl, H and Mildenstein, K and Saliger, B and Tigges, C and Keil, T and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {A Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: The CHIP Germany Trial},
  series = {Prevention Sciences},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Prevention Sciences},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11121-015-0623-2},
  pages     = {386 -- 397},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EnglertNkengfack2016,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Nkengfack, Germaine},
  title     = {Antioxidants in HIV patients in Africa: supplements, local diet and education},
  series = {Victor Preedy, HIV/AIDS: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants},
  booktitle = {Victor Preedy, HIV/AIDS: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {King´s College London},
  address   = {London},
  pages     = {1 -- 33},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Englert2015,
  author    = {Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Antioxidants and HIV/AIDS},
  series = {Zampelas A, Micha E (Hg.), Antioxidants in Health and Disease},
  booktitle = {Zampelas A, Micha E (Hg.), Antioxidants in Health and Disease},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Catalog},
  isbn      = {978-1-4665-8003-9},
  pages     = {263 -- 278},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuckelbauerEnglertRieckmannetal.2015,
  author    = {Muckelbauer, Rebecca and Englert, Heike and Rieckmann, Nina and Chen, Chih-Mei and Wegscheider, Karl and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Hugo, A. and Katus, Stefan and Willich, N. and M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline},
  title     = {Long-term effect of a low-intensity smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program for patients with hypercholesterolemia: Randomized controlled trial},
  series = {Preventive Medicine},
  volume    = {77},
  journal   = {Preventive Medicine},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.026},
  pages     = {155 -- 161},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuckelbauerCMEnglertetal.2015,
  author    = {Muckelbauer, R and CM, Hettler-Chen and Englert, Heike and Wegscheider, K and V{\"o}ller, H and Katus, H and Willich, S and M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J},
  title     = {Type of association between body mass index and health-related quality of life differs by smoking status in high-risk cardiovascular patients},
  series = {Eur J Epidemiol},
  volume    = {Supplement},
  journal   = {Eur J Epidemiol},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Englert2015,
  author    = {Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effect of an HIV-care-program on immunological parameters in HIV-positive patients in Yaounde, Cameroon: A cluster randomized trial.},
  series = {Health Care: Current Reviews; OMICS International Conferences},
  booktitle = {Health Care: Current Reviews; OMICS International Conferences},
  edition   = {3},
  publisher = {HCCR (open access journal)},
  address   = {New Delhi, India},
  isbn      = {2375-4273},
  doi       = {10.4172/2375-4273.C1.008},
  pages     = {63},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{TiggesEnglert2015,
  author    = {Tigges, C and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Impact of a Lifestyle Coaching Intervention on Nutritional Behavior and Physical Behavior Change in Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and Importance of Social-Cognitive Variables},
  series = {Health Care: Current Reviews},
  booktitle = {Health Care: Current Reviews},
  edition   = {3},
  publisher = {HCCR (open access journal)},
  address   = {New Delhi, India},
  isbn      = {2375-4273},
  doi       = {10.4172/2375-4273.C1.008},
  pages     = {113},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NgoMatipConstantAnatoleAzabjiKetal.2014,
  author    = {Ngo-Matip, M. E. and Constant Anatole, P and Azabji-K, Marcel AKN and Colizzi, Vittorio and Temgoua, E and Nkenfack, G and Englert, Heike and Nya, PC and Moukette, M B and Fosso, PE and Stefanini, Philippe and Ngogang, Y J and Mbofung, C. Moise},
  title     = {Effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral naive patients in Yaounde - Cameroon: a randomized trial study},
  series = {Lipids in Health and Disease},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Lipids in Health and Disease},
  number    = {191},
  doi       = {10.1186/1476-511x-13-191},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerNordhornMuckelbauerEnglertetal.2014,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J and Muckelbauer, R and Englert, Heike and Grittner, U and Berger, H and Sonntag, F and V{\"o}ller, H and Wegscheider, K and Katus, H and Willich, S},
  title     = {Longitudinal association between body mass index and health-related quality of life},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NkengfackTorimiroNgogangetal.2014,
  author    = {Nkengfack, G and Torimiro, J and Ngogang, J and Binting, S and Roll, S and Tinnemann, P and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effects of an HIV-Care-Program on immunological parameters in HIV-positive patients in Yaound{\´e}, Cameroon: a cluster-randomized trial},
  series = {Int J Public Health},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {Int J Public Health},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00038-014-0547-9},
  pages     = {509 -- 517},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NkengfackTorimiroNgogangetal.2013,
  author    = {Nkengfack, G and Torimiro, J and Ngogang, J and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effects of nutritional education and lifestyle modification on the nutritional status of HIV positive patients: results of a cluster randomized intervention over a period of six months},
  series = {Global Epidemic Obesity},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Global Epidemic Obesity},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NkengfackNgogangEnglert2013,
  author    = {Nkengfack, G and Ngogang, J and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Effects of "5 a day" fruit and vegetable intake on micronutrient level and oxidative stress markers in HIV positive patients in Yaound{\´e}, Cameroon: A cluster randomized trial},
  series = {Oxid Antioxid Med Sci},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Oxid Antioxid Med Sci},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {275 -- 284},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EnglertDiehlGreenlawetal.2012,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Diehl, H. and Greenlaw, R. and Aldana, S.},
  title     = {The Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Glycemic Levels and Medication Intake:The Rockford CHIP},
  series = {Dr. Oreste Capelli, Primary Care at a Glance - Hot Topics and New Insights},
  booktitle = {Dr. Oreste Capelli, Primary Care at a Glance - Hot Topics and New Insights},
  publisher = {InTech},
  address   = {Rijeka, Rum{\"a}nien},
  isbn      = {979-953-307-556-2},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-571},
  pages     = {323 -- 336},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Introduction: The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the past 50 years has led to intense research, resulting in many improvements in treatment. At the same time, type 2 diabetes, with its concomitant increase in vascular complications, has become a serious, exploding and costly public health concern . Diabetes now affects 285 million adults worldwide and 344 million with pre-diabetes. Of these, 25.8 million diabetics and 79 million pre-diabetics are found in the United States alone.The current cost of diabetes in the US is likely to exceed the \$174 billion estimate, which includes 2/3 for direct medical costs and 1/3 for indirect costs, such as disability, work loss, and premature death, but omits the social cost of intangibles (e.g. pain, suffering, lower quality of life). The diabetes epidemic has been accompanied by a similarly drastic increase in obesity. Although the relationship between the two developments is a matter of debate, both are presumably caused by changes in dietary habits and an increasingly sedentary modern lifestyle . Compelling evidence has shown that lifestyle changes can effectively prevent or delay the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Because individuals at risk for this disease can usually be identified during the pre-diabetic phase of impaired glucose tolerance, early intervention and lifestyle change offer a logical approach to preventing this disease and its devastating vascular complications. Additionally, community-based lifestyle interventions for high risk groups and for the general population are a cost-effective way of curbing the growing burden of the disease. Solidifying the scientific basis for the prevention, treatment and control of this disease and its implementation on a national level, however, remains a difficult challenge. Moreresearch is needed to provide comprehensive and more effective strategies for weight-loss,especially over time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify diabetics and those at risk (prediabetics) out of the total cohort of 1,517 who selected themselves into an intensive community-based lifestyle intervention program, and to assess its clinical efficacy ineffecting medication status as determined and managed by their personal physicians.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NkengfakTorimiroNkongangetal.2012,
  author    = {Nkengfak, G. and Torimiro, J. and Nkongang, N. and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {A review: Effects of antioxidants on CD4 and viral load in HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa - dietary supplements vs. local diet.},
  series = {International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research},
  volume    = {82},
  journal   = {International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research},
  issn      = {0300-9831},
  pages     = {63 -- 72},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Abstract In sub-Sahara Africa, micronutrient deficiency, especially of antioxidant micronutrients including vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, selenium, zinc, and polyphenols is very common in HIV-positive patients. Amongst adults, women are the most vulnerable. Antioxidants are known to play a vital role in the immune system, reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is induced by excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to the HIV infection. Such damage may be prevented or moderated through adequate oral intake of antioxidants, scavenging ROS, as well as protecting cells and tissues against oxidative stress. Antioxidants can be provided to the body through locally available antioxidant rich-diets such as fruit-and-vegetable-based diets and/or dietary supplements. Provision of antioxidants through local diets or dietary supplements exercise beneficial effects on biological markers of the immune system (CD4 and viral load). However, while dietary supplements represent a costly and short-term strategy to limiting antioxidant deficiency, local diets, combined with adequate nutritional education, can provide a low-cost and long-term strategy to reduce oxidative stress, prevent micronutrient deficiency, and slow down HIV disease progression. The former can be applicable in countries around the West, Central, and South coast of Africa, which are rich in natural food resources. In contrast with significant evidence that dietary supplements confer benefits in HIV patients, fewer data are available relating to the benefits of local diets. Thus the need to do more research in this area arises. This review compares available data on effects of antioxidants on CD4 and viral load in HIV-positive women noneligible for antiretroviral therapy. Intake of antioxidants though dietary supplements and local diet, associated with nutritional education, is compared. Studies conducted in sub-Sahara Africa are considered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NkengfakTurimiroNkongangetal.2011,
  author    = {Nkengfak, G and Turimiro, J and Nkongang, N and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {A review of nutrition in Cameroon: Food supply, factors influencing nutritional habit and impact on micronutrient (Vitamin A, Iodine, Iron) status},
  series = {The Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {The Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences},
  number    = {1},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AhlersSchaeferMundtetal.2011,
  author    = {Ahlers, CJ. and Schaefer, GA. and Mundt, IA. and Roll, S. and Englert, Heike and Willich, SN. and Beier, KM.},
  title     = {How unusual are the contents of paraphilias? Paraphilia-associated sexual arousal patterns in a community-based sample of men},
  series = {J Sex Med},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {J Sex Med},
  issn      = {1743-6095},
  pages     = {1362 -- 1370},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NkengfakTurimiroNkongangetal.2011,
  author    = {Nkengfak, G. and Turimiro, J. and Nkongang, N. and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {A review of nutrition in Cameroon: Food supply, factors influencing nutritional habit and impact on micronutrient (Vitamin A, Iodine, Iron) status},
  series = {Les Annales Universitaires de la Facult{\´e} de M{\´e}d{\´e}cines et des Sciences Biom{\´e}dicales},
  journal   = {Les Annales Universitaires de la Facult{\´e} de M{\´e}d{\´e}cines et des Sciences Biom{\´e}dicales},
  pages     = {- -- -},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThieszenAldanaDiehletal.2011,
  author    = {Thieszen, C. and Aldana, S. and Diehl, H. and Mahoney, M. and Greenlaw, R. and Vermeersch, D. and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {The Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) for Lowering and Improving Psychological Health},
  series = {Psychological Reports},
  volume    = {109},
  journal   = {Psychological Reports},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0033-2941},
  pages     = {338 -- 352},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {This study extends previous research evaluating the association between the CHIP intervention, change in body weight, and change in psychological health. A randomized controlled health intervention study lasting 4 wk. was used with 348 participants from metropolitan Rockford, Illinois; ages ranged from 24 to 81 yr. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 wk., and 6 mo. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and three selected psychosocial measures from the SF-36 Health Survey were used. Significantly greater decreases in Body Mass Index (BMI) occurred after 6 wk. and 6 mo. follow-up for the intervention group compared with the control group, with greater decreases for participants in the overweight and obese categories. Significantly greater improvements were observed in BDI scores, role-emotional and social functioning, and mental health throughout follow-up for the intervention group. The greater the decrease in BMI through 6 wk., the better the chance of improved BDI score, role-emotional score, social functioning score, and mental health score, with odds ratios of 1.3 to 1.9. Similar results occurred through 6 mo., except the mental health variable became nonsignificant. These results indicate that the CHIP intervention significantly improved psychological health for at least six months afterwards, in part through its influence on lowering BMI.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerNordhornEnglertWegscheideretal.2010,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J. and Englert, Heike and Wegscheider, K. and Berger, H. and Sonntag, F. and V{\"o}ller, H. and Meyer-Sabellek, W. and Windler, E. and Katus, H. and Willich, S.},
  title     = {Is patient self-report an adequate tool for monitoring cardiovascular conditions in patients with hypercholesterolemia? - Results of the ORBITAL Study},
  series = {J Public Health (Oxf)},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {J Public Health (Oxf)},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1741-3850},
  pages     = {387 -- 394},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WillichEnglertSonntagetal.2009,
  author    = {Willich, S. N. and Englert, Heike and Sonntag, F. and V{\"o}ller, H. and Meyer-Sabellek, W. and Wegscheider, K. and Windler, E. and Katus, H. A. and M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J.},
  title     = {Impact of a compliance program on cholesterol control: results of the randomized ORBITAL study in 8108 patients treated with rosuvastatin},
  series = {Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil},
  pages     = {180 -- 187},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Abstract This study extends previous research evaluating the association between the CHIP intervention, change in body weight, and change in psychological health. A randomized controlled health intervention study lasting 4 wk. was used with 348 participants from metropolitan Rockford, Illinois; ages ranged from 24 to 81 yr. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 wk., and 6 mo. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and three selected psychosocial measures from the SF-36 Health Survey were used. Significantly greater decreases in Body Mass Index (BMI) occurred after 6 wk. and 6 mo. follow-up for the intervention group compared with the control group, with greater decreases for participants in the overweight and obese categories. Significantly greater improvements were observed in BDI scores, role-emotional and social functioning, and mental health throughout follow-up for the intervention group. The greater the decrease in BMI through 6 wk., the better the chance of improved BDI score, role-emotional score, social functioning score, and mental health score, with odds ratios of 1.3 to 1.9. Similar results occurred through 6 mo., except the mental health variable became nonsignificant. These results indicate that the CHIP intervention significantly improved psychological health for at least six months afterwards, in part through its influence on lowering BMI.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MerrillAldanaGreenlawetal.2008,
  author    = {Merrill, R. and Aldana, S. and Greenlaw, R. and Diehl, H. and Salberg, A. and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Can Newly Scientific Acquired Healthy Behaviors Persist? An Analysis of Health Behaviour Decay},
  series = {Preventing Chronic Disease},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Preventing Chronic Disease},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1545-1151},
  pages     = {13 -- 28},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerNordhornEnglertWegscheideretal.2008,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J. and Englert, Heike and Wegscheider, K. and Berger, H. and Sonntag, F. and V{\"o}ller, H. and Meyer-Sabellek, W. and Reinhold, T. and Windler, E. and Katus, HA. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {Productivity loss as a major component of disease-related costs in patients with hypercholesterolemia in Germany},
  series = {Clin Res Cardiol},
  volume    = {97},
  journal   = {Clin Res Cardiol},
  issn      = {1861-0692},
  pages     = {152-9 -- -},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerNordhornEnglertWegscheideretal.2008,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J. and Englert, Heike and Wegscheider, K. and Berger, H. and Sonntag, F. and V{\"o}ller, H. and Meyer-Sabellek, W. and Reinhold, T. and Windler, E. and Katus, HA. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {Effect of an adherence-enhancing program on health-related quality of life in patients with hypercholesterolemia},
  series = {Eur J Integrative Med},
  volume    = {1},
  journal   = {Eur J Integrative Med},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1876-3820},
  pages     = {24 -- -},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AldanaGreenlawDiehletal.2008,
  author    = {Aldana, S. and Greenlaw, R. and Diehl, H. and Merrill, R. and Salberg, A. and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {A video-based lifestyle intervention and changes in coronary risk},
  series = {Health Education Res},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Health Education Res},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0268-1153},
  pages     = {115 -- 124},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MerrillAldanaGreenlawetal.2008,
  author    = {Merrill, R. and Aldana, S. and Greenlaw, R. and Salberg, A. and Englert, Heike},
  title     = {Chronic disease risk reduction with a community based lifestyle change program},
  series = {Health Education Journal},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Health Education Journal},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {0017-8969},
  pages     = {219 -- 230},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AldanaGreenlawDiehletal.2007,
  author    = {Aldana, S. and Greenlaw, R. and Diehl, H. and Salberg, A. and Merrill, R. M. and Englert, Heike and Jorgenson, R.},
  title     = {Improvements in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors from Lifestyle Change: A Real World Application},
  series = {Am J Health Promotion},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Am J Health Promotion},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {0890-1171},
  pages     = {510 -- 516},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertDiehlGreenlawetal.2007,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Diehl, HA. and Greenlaw, RL. and Willich, SN. and Aldana, S.},
  title     = {The effect of a community-based coronary risk reduction: The Rockford CHIP},
  series = {Prev Med},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Prev Med},
  issn      = {1096-0260},
  pages     = {513 -- 519},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertSchaeferRolletal.2007,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Sch{\"a}fer, GA. and Roll, S. and Ahlers, CJ. and Beier, K. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among middle-aged men in a metropolitan area in Germany},
  series = {Int J Impotence Res},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Int J Impotence Res},
  issn      = {0955-9930},
  pages     = {183 -- 188},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WillichEnglertSchaeferetal.2006,
  author    = {Willich, SN. and Englert, Heike and Sch{\"a}fer, GA. and Roll, S. and Beier, KM.},
  title     = {Association between cardiovascular risk factors and erectile dysfunction - a population-based study},
  series = {Eur Heart J},
  volume    = {27 (Suppl.)},
  journal   = {Eur Heart J},
  issn      = {0195-668X},
  pages     = {361 -- -},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VauthEnglertSchulenburgetal.2005,
  author    = {Vauth, C. and Englert, Heike and Schulenburg, J. and Greiner, W. and Fischer, T.},
  title     = {The economic perspective of sonography in the acute abdomen},
  series = {Italian J Public Health},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Italian J Public Health},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1723-7815},
  pages     = {171 -- -},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertVauthFischeretal.2005,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Vauth, C. and Fischer, T. and Greiner, W. and Willich, S.},
  title     = {Ultrascound diagnostics in adults and children with acute abdomen},
  series = {Italian J Public Health},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Italian J Public Health},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1723-7815},
  pages     = {293 -- -},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertDiehlGreenlaw2004,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Diehl, HA. and Greenlaw, RL.},
  title     = {Rationale and Design of the Rockford CHIP, a Community-based Coronary Risk Reduction Program},
  series = {Prev Med},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Prev Med},
  issn      = {1096-0260},
  pages     = {432 -- 441},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerNordhornEnglertSonntagetal.2004,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J. and Englert, Heike and Sonntag, F. and V{\"o}ller, H. and Windler, E. and Meyer-Sabellek, W. and Katus, H. and Wegscheider, K. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {Disease-related costs in patients with hypercholesterolemia},
  series = {J Epi Community Health},
  volume    = {58 (Suppl.)},
  journal   = {J Epi Community Health},
  issn      = {0143-005X},
  pages     = {20 -- -},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertSchaeferRolletal.2004,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Schaefer, GA. and Roll, S. and Ahlers, C. and Beier, K. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {Association between erectile dysfunction and cardiac risk factors in Berlin men aged 40-79},
  series = {Biometrical J},
  volume    = {46 (Suppl.)},
  journal   = {Biometrical J},
  issn      = {1521-4036},
  pages     = {132 -- -},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertSchaeferRolletal.2004,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Schaefer, GA. and Roll, S. and Beier, KM. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {Results of the Berlin Male Study},
  series = {Am J Epidemiol},
  journal   = {Am J Epidemiol},
  issn      = {0002-9262},
  pages     = {90 -- -},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertSchaeferRolletal.2004,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Schaefer, GA. and Roll, S. and Beier, K. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {The Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction using different Definitions},
  series = {J Epi Community Health},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {J Epi Community Health},
  issn      = {0143-005X},
  pages     = {20 -- -},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertWirsamLeitzmann2003,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Wirsam, B. and Leitzmann, C.},
  title     = {Influence of Lifestyle Intervention on the Dynamic of Lipid Changes Stratified by Apolipoprotein E Geno-Type},
  series = {Ann Nutr Metab},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Ann Nutr Metab},
  issn      = {0250-6807},
  pages     = {490 -- -},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WillichMuellerNordhornEnglertetal.2003,
  author    = {Willich, SN and M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, J. and Englert, Heike and Upmeier, H. and Meyer-Sabellek, W. and Wegscheider, K.},
  title     = {Disease-related costs in patients with hypercholesterolaemia},
  series = {Eur Heart J},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Eur Heart J},
  issn      = {0195-668X},
  pages     = {586 -- -},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EnglertSchaeferRolletal.2003,
  author    = {Englert, Heike and Schaefer, GA. and Roll, S. and Beier, K. and Willich, SN.},
  title     = {Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction in a Metrolpolitan Population of Men Aged 40-79},
  series = {Gac Sanit},
  volume    = {17 (Suppl 2)},
  journal   = {Gac Sanit},
  issn      = {1578-1283},
  pages     = {175 -- -},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AldanaGreenlawEnglertetal.2002,
  author    = {Aldana, S. and Greenlaw, R. and Englert, Heike and Jackson, R. and Diehl, H.},
  title     = {Impact of the Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) on several Employee Populations},
  series = {J Occup Environment M},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {J Occup Environment M},
  issn      = {1076-2752},
  pages     = {9 -- 15},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}