@inproceedings{TocklothKlemmBeckeretal.2024,
  author    = {Tockloth, Jan N. and Klemm, Christian and Becker, Gregor and Blankenstein, Benjamin and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Der Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG): Ein Tool zur Optimierung urbaner Energiesysteme},
  series = {16. Steinfurter Bioenergiefachtagung - Tagungsband},
  booktitle = {16. Steinfurter Bioenergiefachtagung - Tagungsband},
  pages     = {18 -- 19},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Der Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG) ist ein Werkzeug zur Modellierung und Optimierung von (urbanen) Energiesystemen. Der SESMG hat eine browserbasierte grafische Benutzeroberfl{\"a}che, eine tabellenbasierte Dateneingabe und eine ausf{\"u}hrliche Dokumentation, was einen einfachen Einstieg erm{\"o}glicht. Zudem erfordern die Installation und Anwendung keine Programmierkenntnisse. Im SESMG sind verschiedene Modellierungsmethoden implementiert, wie z. B. die Anwendung des Multi-Energie-System-Ansatzes, die multikriteriale Optimierung, modellbasierte Methoden zur Reduktion des Rechenaufwands sowie die automatisierte Erstellung von r{\"a}umlich hoch aufgel{\"o}sten Energiesystemmodellen. Somit k{\"o}nnen urbane Energiesysteme mithilfe des SESMGs mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand, aber unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung einer Vielzahl von Parametern und Randbedingungen, modelliert und optimiert werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{TocklothKlemmBeckeretal.2024,
  author    = {Tockloth, Jan N. and Klemm, Christian and Becker, Gregor and Blankenstein, Benjamin and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG)},
  series = {16. Steinfurter Bioenergiefachtagung - Tagungsband},
  journal   = {16. Steinfurter Bioenergiefachtagung - Tagungsband},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-17820},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-178209},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Die Transformation der Energiesysteme im Rahmen der Energiewende macht diese durch zus{\"a}tzliche Komponenten und Wechselwirkungen immer komplexer. Das {\"o}konomische und {\"o}kologische Potenzial, dass sich aus der Nutzung der Synergien dieser Komponenten ergeben kann, erfordert eine gemeinsame Betrachtung des gesamten Energiesystems hinsichtlich s{\"a}mtlicher Energie- und Verbrauchssektoren. Die Energiesystemmodellierung stellt eine geeignete Methode zur Modellierung und Optimierung dieser urbanen Energiesysteme dar. Mit dem „Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator" (SESMG) hat die FH M{\"u}nster ein Open Source Tool entwickelt, das die Betrachtung urbaner Quartiere erm{\"o}glicht. Diese k{\"o}nnen hinsichtlich verschiedener Zielkriterien wie z. B. monet{\"a}ren Kosten und THG-Emissionen optimiert werden. Die tabellenbasierte Eingabe erfordert keine Programmierkenntnisse. Das implementierte Urban District Upscaling Tool erleichtert die effektive Modellierung auch gr{\"o}ßerer Systeme. Die automatisierte Ergebnisaufbereitung erm{\"o}glicht eine schnelle Analyse der Ergebnisse.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KlemmVennemannWiese2024,
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Vennemann, Peter and Wiese, Frauke},
  title     = {Potential-risk and no-regret options for urban energy system design — A sensitivity analysis},
  series = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
  volume    = {102},
  journal   = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
  issn      = {2210-6707},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-17568},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-175686},
  pages     = {105189},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {This study identifies supply options for sustainable urban energy systems, which are robust to external system changes. A multi-criteria optimization model is used to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and financial costs of a reference system. Sensitivity analyses examine the impact of changing boundary conditions related to GHG emissions, energy prices, energy demands, and population density. Options that align with both financial and emission reduction and are robust to system changes are called "no-regret" options. Options sensitive to system changes are labeled as "potential-risk" options. There is a conflict between minimizing GHG emissions and financial costs. In the reference case, the emission-optimized scenario enables a reduction of GHG emissions (-93\%), but involves higher costs (+160\%) compared to the financially-optimized scenario. No-regret options include photovoltaic systems, decentralized heat pumps, thermal storages, electricity exchange between sub-systems and with higher-level systems, and reducing energy demands through building insulation, behavioral changes, or the decrease of living space per inhabitant. Potential-risk options include solar thermal systems, natural gas technologies, high-capacity battery storages, and hydrogen for building energy supply. When energy prices rise, financially-optimized systems approach the least-emission system design. The maximum profitability of natural gas technologies was already reached before the 2022 European energy crisis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KlemmBeckerTocklothetal.2023,
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Becker, Gregor and Tockloth, Jan N. and Budde, Janik and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {The Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG): A tool for the optimization of urban energy systems},
  series = {Journal of Open Source Software},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Journal of Open Source Software},
  number    = {89},
  issn      = {2475-9066},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-17084},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-170845},
  pages     = {5519},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (SESMG) is a tool for modeling and optimizing energy systems with a focus on urban systems. The SESMG is easily accessible as it comes with a browser-based graphical user interface, spreadsheets to provide data entry, and detailed documentation on how to use it. Programming skills are not required for the installation or application of the tool. The SESMG includes advanced modeling features such as the application of the multi-energy system (MES) approach, multi-objective optimization, model-based methods for reducing computational requirements, and automated conceptualization and result processing of urban energy systems with high spatial resolution. Due to its accessibility and the applied modeling methods, urban energy systems can be modeled and optimized with comparatively low effort.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{HoernschemeyerKleckersStretzetal.2023,
  author    = {H{\"o}rnschemeyer, Birgitta and Kleckers, Jonas and Stretz, Celestin and Klemm, Christian and Budde, Janik and Arendt, Rosalie and Lewe, Mareike and Albers, Flemming},
  title     = {Leitfaden RessourcenPlan - Teil 3.3: Maßnahmen des Quartiersmanagements: Maßnahmensteckbriefe. Ergebnisse des Projekts R2Q RessourcenPlan im Quartier},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-15760},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-157603},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{SoefkerRienietsVonhoegenKlemmetal.2023,
  author    = {S{\"o}fker-Rieniets, Anne and Vonhoegen, Laura and Klemm, Christian and Budde, Janik and H{\"o}rnschemeyer, Birgitta and Lewe, Mareike and Kleckers, Jonas and Stretz, Celestin},
  title     = {Leitfaden RessourcenPlan - Teil 3.2: Lernen von anderen - Booklet „Best-Practice". Ergebnisse des Projekts R2Q RessourcenPlan im Quartier},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-15759},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-157595},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{HoernschemeyerKleckersStretzetal.2023,
  author    = {H{\"o}rnschemeyer, Birgitta and Kleckers, Jonas and Stretz, Celestin and Klemm, Christian and Budde, Janik and S{\"o}fker-Rieniets, Anne and Vonhoegen, Laura and Zamzow, Malte and Matzinger, Andreas and Maßmann, Stefanie and Plogmeier, Christoph},
  title     = {Leitfaden RessourcenPlan - Teil 3.1: Kurzanleitung RessourcenPlan. Ergebnisse des Projekts R2Q RessourcenPlan im Quartier},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-15758},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-157581},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{KlemmBuddeBeckeretal.2023,
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Budde, Janik and Becker, Gregor and Arendt, Rosalie and Bach, Vanessa and Finkbeiner, Matthias and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Leitfaden RessourcenPlan - Teil 2.4: Ressourcenmanagement Energie. Ergebnisse des Projekts R2Q RessourcenPlan im Quartier},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-15756},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-157560},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{HoernschemeyerSoefkerRienietsNiestenetal.2023,
  author    = {H{\"o}rnschemeyer, Birgitta and S{\"o}fker-Rieniets, Anne and Niesten, Jan and Arendt, Rosalie and Kleckers, Jonas and Stretz, Celestin and Klemm, Christian and Budde, Janik and Wagner, R{\"u}diger and Vonhoegen, Laura and Reicher, Christa and Grimsehl-Schmitz, Winona and Wirbals, Daniel and Stieglitz-Broll, Eva-Maria and Agatz, Kerstin and Bach, Vanessa and Finkbeiner, Matthias and Lewe, Mareike and Henrichs, Malte and Haberkamp, Jens and Walter, Gotthard and Flamme, Sabine and Vennemann, Peter and Zamzow, Malte and Seis, Wolfgang and Matzinger, Andreas and Sonnenberg, Hauke and Rouault, Pascale and Maßmann, Stefanie and Fuchs, Lothar and Plogmeier, Christoph and Steinkamp, Arne and Şereflioğlu, Şenay and M{\"u}ller, Claus and Spital, Matthias and Uhl, Mathias},
  title     = {Leitfaden RessourcenPlan - Teil 1: Konzeption RessourcenPlan. Ergebnisse des Projekts R2Q RessourcenPlan im Quartier},
  publisher = {FH M{\"u}nster},
  address   = {M{\"u}nster},
  organization    = {IWARU Institut f{\"u}r Infrastruktur·Wasser·Ressourcen·Umwelt},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-15746},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-157463},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BuddeKlemmTocklothetal.2023,
  author    = {Budde, Janik and Klemm, Christian and Tockloth, Jan N. and Becker, Gregor and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Automatisierte Modellierung und Optimierung urbaner Energiesysteme},
  series = {6. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen 09. - 10. Februar 2023},
  booktitle = {6. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen 09. - 10. Februar 2023},
  isbn      = {978-3-940820-21-1},
  pages     = {150 -- 159},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Traditionelle, lineare Energiesysteme werden zunehmend zu vernetzten, regenerativen Energiesystemen transformiert. Mit dem auf dem „Open Energy Modelling Framework" (oemof) basierenden „Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator" (SESMG) wurde ein Tool entwickelt, welches die Komplexit{\"a}t und Wechselwirkungen moderner Energiesysteme auf urbaner Ebene automatisiert abbildet. Zur Erstellung individueller Energiesystemmodelle sind ausschließlich quartiersspezifische Parameter notwendig, technische und wirtschaftliche Parameter sind standardm{\"a}ßig hinterlegt. Mit Hilfe von Algorithmen werden Energieversorgungsszenarien identifiziert, welche individuell definierte Zielgr{\"o}ßen (z. B. monet{\"a}re Kosten oder Treibhausgasemissionen) minimieren. Durch die implementierten Methoden zur Modellvereinfachungen k{\"o}nnen auch mit begrenzten Rechenressourcen (insb. Rechenzeit und Arbeitsspeicherbedarf) große Systeme modelliert und optimiert werden. Die Zielszenarien werden als Diagramme und f{\"u}r die Weiterverarbeitung mit Geoinformationssystemen aufbereitet, sodass die Ergebnisse analysiert, plausibilisiert und pr{\"a}sentiert werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KlemmWieseVennemann2023,
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Wiese, Frauke and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Model-based run-time and memory reduction for a mixed-use multi-energy system model with high spatial resolution},
  series = {Applied Energy},
  volume    = {334},
  journal   = {Applied Energy},
  issn      = {0306-2619},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120574},
  pages     = {120574},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Local and regional energy systems are becoming increasingly entangled. Therefore, models for optimizing these energy systems are becoming more and more complex and the required computing resources (run-time and random access memory usage) are increasing rapidly. The computational requirements can basically be reduced solver-based (mathematical optimization of the solving process) or model-based (simplification of the real-world problem in the model). This paper deals with identifying how the required computational requirements for solving optimization models of multi-energy systems with high spatial resolution change with increasing model complexity and which model-based approaches enable to reduce the requirements with the lowest possible model deviations. A total of 12 temporal model reductions (reduction of the number of modeled time steps), nine techno-spatial model reductions (reduction of possible solutions), and five combined reduction schemes were theoretically analyzed and practically applied to a test case. The improvement in reducing the usage of computational resources and the impact on the quality of the results were quantified by comparing the results with a non-simplified reference case. The results show, that the run-time to solve a model increases quadratically and memory usage increases linearly with increasing model complexity. The application of various model adaption methods have enabled a reduction of the run-time by over 99\% and the memory usage by up to 88\%. At the same time, however, some of the methods led to significant deviations of the model results. Other methods require a profound prior knowledge and understanding of the investigated energy systems to be applied. In order to reduce the run-time and memory requirements for investment optimization, while maintaining good quality results, we recommend the application of (1) a pre-model that is used to (1a) perform technological pre-selection and (1b) define reasonable technological boundaries, (2) spatial sub-modeling along network nodes, and 3) temporal simplification by only modeling every nth day (temporal slicing), where at least 20\% of the original time steps are modeled. Further simplifications such as spatial clustering or larger temporal simplification can further reduce the computational effort, but also result in significant model deviations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeckerKlemmVennemann2022,
  author    = {Becker, Gregor and Klemm, Christian and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Open Source District Heating Modeling Tools—A Comparative Study},
  series = {energies},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {energies},
  number    = {8277},
  issn      = {1996-1073},
  doi       = {10.3390/en15218277},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Heating networks are highly relevant for the achievement of climate protection goals of urban energy systems. This is due to their high renewable energy potential combined with high plant efficiency and utilization rates. For the optimal integration and sector coupling of heating networks in holistic urban energy systems, open source energy system modeling tools are highly recommended. In this contribution, two open source approaches (the "Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator"-integrated DHNx-Python module (DHNx/SESMG) and Thermos) are theoretically compared, and practically applied to a real-world energy system. Deviations within the results can be explained by incorrectly pre-defined parameters within Thermos and cannot be adjusted by the modeler. The simultaneity is underestimated in the case study by Thermos by more than 20\%. This results in undersized heating plant capacities and a 50\% higher number of buildings connected to the network. However, Thermos offers a higher end-user usability and over 100 times faster solving. DHNx/SESMG, in contrast, offers the possibility to adjust more model parameters individually and consider multiple energy sectors. This enables a holistic modeling of urban energy systems and the model-based optimization of multi-sectoral synergies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{QuestArendtKlemmetal.2022,
  author    = {Quest, Gemina and Arendt, Rosalie and Klemm, Christian and Bach, Vanessa and Budde, Janik and Vennemann, Peter and Finkbeiner, Matthias},
  title     = {Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Power and Heat Supply for a Neighborhood: A Case Study of Herne, Germany},
  series = {energies},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {energies},
  number    = {16},
  issn      = {1996-1073},
  doi       = {10.3390/en15165900},
  pages     = {5900},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {(1) The use of renewable energy for power and heat supply is one of the strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As only 14\% of German households are supplied with renewable energy, a shift is necessary. This shift should be realized with the lowest possible environmental impact. This paper assesses the environmental impacts of changes in energy generation and distribution, by integrating the life cycle assessment (LCA) method into energy system models (ESM). (2) The integrated LCA is applied to a case study of the German neighborhood of Herne, (i) to optimize the energy supply, considering different technologies, and (ii) to determine the environmental impacts of the base case (status quo), a cost-optimized scenario, and a CO2-optimized scenario. (3) The use of gas boilers in the base case is substituted with CHPs, surface water heat pumps and PV-systems in the CO2-optimized scenario, and five ground-coupled heat pumps and PV-systems for the cost-optimized scenario. This technology shift led to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of almost 40\% in the cost-optimized, and more than 50\% in the CO2-optimized, scenario. However, technology shifts, e.g., due to oversized battery storage, risk higher impacts in other categories, such as terrestrial eco toxicity, by around 22\%. Thus, it can be recommended to use smaller battery storage systems. (4) By combining ESM and LCA, additional environmental impacts beyond GHG emissions can be quantified, and therefore trade-offs between environmental impacts can be identified. Furthermore, only applying ESM leads to an underestimation of greenhouse gas emissions of around 10\%. However, combining ESM and LCA required significant effort and is not yet possible using an integrated software.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoernschemeyerSoefkerRienietsNiestenetal.2022,
  author    = {H{\"o}rnschemeyer, Birgitta and S{\"o}fker-Rieniets, Anne and Niesten, Jan and Arendt, Rosalie and Kleckers, Jonas and Klemm, Christian and Stretz, Celestin Julian and Reicher, Christa and Grimsehl-Schmitz, Winona and Wirbals, Daniel and Bach, Vanessa and Finkbeiner, Matthias and Haberkamp, Jens and Budde, Janik and Vennemann, Peter and Walter, Gotthard and Flamme, Sabine and Uhl, Mathias},
  title     = {The ResourcePlan — An Instrument for Resource-Efficient Development of Urban Neighborhoods},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-14854},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-148545},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In Germany, the current sectoral urban planning often leads to inefficient use of resources, partly because municipalities lack integrated planning instruments and argumentation strength toward politics, investors, or citizens. The paper develops the ResourcePlan as (i) legal and (ii) a planning instrument to support the efficient use of resources in urban neighborhoods. The integrative, multi-methodological approach addresses the use of natural resources in the building and infrastructural sectors of (i) water (storm- and wastewater) management, (ii) construction and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure, (iii) urban energy system planning, and (iv) land-use planning. First, the development as legal instrument is carried out, providing (i) premises for integrating resource protection at all legal levels and (ii) options for implementing the ResourcePlan within German municipal structures. Second, the evaluation framework for resource efficiency of the urban neighborhoods is set up for usage as a planning instrument. The framework provides a two-stage process that runs through the phases of setting up and implementing the ResourcePlan. (Eco)system services are evaluated as well as life cycle assessment and economic aspects. As a legal instrument, the ResourcePlan integrates resource protection into municipal planning and decision-making processes. The multi-methodological evaluation framework helps to assess inter-disciplinary resource efficiency, supports the spatial identification of synergies and conflicting goals, and contributes to transparent, resource-optimized planning decisions.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KlemmWiese2022,
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Wiese, Frauke},
  title     = {Indicators for the optimization of sustainable urban energy systems based on energy system modeling},
  series = {Energy, Sustainability and Society},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Energy, Sustainability and Society},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-14513},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-145136},
  pages     = {1 -- 20},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Urban energy systems are responsible for 75 \% of the world's energy consumption and for 70 \% of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Energy system models are used to optimize, benchmark and compare such energy systems with the help of energy sustainability indicators. We discuss several indicators for their basic suitability and their response to changing boundary conditions, system structures and reference values. The most suitable parameters are applied to four different supply scenarios of a real-world urban energy system. Results: There is a number of energy sustainability indicators, but not all of them are suitable for the use in urban energy system optimization models. Shortcomings originate from the omission of upstream energy supply chains (secondary energy efficiency), from limited capabilities to compare small energy systems (energy productivity), from excessive accounting expense (regeneration rate), from unsuitable accounting methods (primary energy efficiency), from a questionable impact of some indicators on the overall system sustainability (self-sufficiency), from the lack of detailed information content (share of renewables), and more. On the other hand, indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, energy costs, and final energy demand are well suitable for the use in optimization models. However, each of these indicators only represents partial aspects of energy sustainability; the use of only one indicator in the optimization process increases the risk that other important aspects will deteriorate significantly, eventually leading to suboptimal or even unrealistic scenarios in practice. Therefore, multi-criteria approaches should be used to enable a more holistic optimization and planning of sustainable urban energy systems. Conclusion: We recommend multi-criteria optimization approaches using the indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, absolute energy costs, and absolute energy demand. For benchmarking and comparison purposes, specific indicators should be used and therefore related to the final energy demand, respectively the number of inhabitants. Our example scenarios demonstrate modeling strategies to optimize sustainability of urban energy systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KlemmVennemann2021,
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Modellierung und Optimierung urbaner Energiesysteme im Projekt R2Q},
  series = {4. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen 18. - 19. Februar 2021 / Hrsg. Viktor Wesselak},
  booktitle = {4. Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz in Nordhausen 18. - 19. Februar 2021 / Hrsg. Viktor Wesselak},
  address   = {Nordhausen},
  isbn      = {978-3-940820-17-4},
  pages     = {177 -- 188},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Rund 75 \% des weltweiten Energieverbrauchs findet innerhalb urbaner Energiesysteme statt. Solche Systeme beinhalten mehrere Energiesektoren (Elektrizit{\"a}t, W{\"a}rme, K{\"a}lte, …), Verbrauchssektoren (Wohnen, Gewerbe, Industrie, Landwirtschaft, Mobilit{\"a}t, …) und Interessensgruppen und sind deshalb besonders komplex. Durch den Einsatz von Methoden der Energiesystemmodellierung k{\"o}nnen diese komplexen Systeme simuliert, analysiert und optimiert werden. Mit Simulationsmodellen k{\"o}nnen Kosten, Emissionen und verschiedene andere Systemparameter prognostiziert werden. Mithilfe von Optimierungsalgorithmen k{\"o}nnen Technologien miteinander verglichen, Anlagen dimensioniert und Betriebsweisen optimiert werden. Die Erkenntnisse aus Energiesystemmodellen k{\"o}nnen zur Einhaltung verschiedener politischer und sozialer Ziele, wie beispielsweise die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen, der Bedarf nach kosteng{\"u}nstiger Energieversorgung oder auch die St{\"a}rkung der regionalen Wirtschaft, beitragen. Im Projekt R2Q werden Ans{\"a}tze der Energiesystemmodellierung f{\"u}r den Einsatz in der Planung urbaner Energiesysteme aufgearbeitet, angepasst und f{\"u}r st{\"a}dteplanerische Prozesse verf{\"u}gbar gemacht. In ersten Modelldurchl{\"a}ufen f{\"u}r ein Testgebiet in Herne konnte durch die Kombination verschiedener Technologien eine rechnerische Minimierung der monet{\"a}ren Kosten um 19 \% bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen um 36 \% ermittelt werden. Durch ein emissionsoptimiertes Szenario k{\"o}nnen die CO2-Emissionen um 47 \% reduziert werden, was jedoch mit einer Steigerung der Kosten um 29 \% einhergeht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SoefkerRienietsHoernschemeyerKleckersetal.2020,
  author    = {S{\"o}fker-Rieniets, Anne and H{\"o}rnschemeyer, Birgitta and Kleckers, Jonas and Klemm, Christian and Stretz, Celestin},
  title     = {Mit Nutzenstiftung zu mehr Ressourceneffizienz im Quartier},
  series = {Transforming Cities},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Transforming Cities},
  number    = {04},
  editor    = {Ziegler, Christine},
  issn      = {2366-3723},
  pages     = {42 -- 46},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Ressourcenplan im Quartier - R2Q" startete im Fr{\"u}hjahr 2019 ein großer Forschungsverbund aus Hochschulen, wissenschaftlichen Instituten, Praxispartnern und einer Kommune, um die Verwendung der Ressourcen Wasser, Fl{\"a}che, Baustoffe und Energie in Quartieren zu bilanzieren und zu bewerten, damit ihre effiziente Verwendung im Quartier mit Hilfe neuer rechtlicher Festsetzungen zuk{\"u}nftig gew{\"a}hrleistet werden kann.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KlemmVennemann2021,
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Modeling and optimization of multi-energy systems in mixed-use districts: A review of existing methods and approaches},
  series = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  journal   = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  number    = {135},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.rser.2020.110206},
  pages     = {nn -- nn},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {About 75\% of the world's energy consumption takes place in cities. Although their large energy consumption attracts a large number of research projects, only a small fraction of them deal with approaches to model energy systems of city districts. These are particularly complex due to the existence of multiple energy sectors (multi-energy systems, MES), different consumption sectors (mixed-use), and different stakeholders who have many different interests. This contribution is a review of the characteristics of energy system models and existing modeling tools. It evaluates current studies and identifies typical characteristics of models designed to optimize MES in mixed-use districts. These models operate at a temporal resolution of at least 1 h, follow either bottom-up or hybrid analytical approaches and make use of mixed-integer programming, linear or dynamic. These characteristics were then used to analyze minimum requirements for existing modeling tools. Thirteen of 145 tools included in the study turned out to be suitable for optimizing MES in mixed-use districts. Other tools where either created for other fields of application (12), do not include any methodology of optimization (39), are not suitable to cover city districts as a geographical domain (44), do not include enough energy or demand sectors (20), or operate at a too coarse temporal resolution (17). If additional requirements are imposed, e.g. the applicability of non-financial assessment criteria and open source availability, only two tools remain. Overall it can be stated that there are very few modeling tools suitable for the optimization of MES in mixed-use districts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{KlemmVennemann2019,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Optimierung der Energieeffizienz von Stadtquartieren},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-11040},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-110401},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{KlemmVennemann2019,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Klemm, Christian and Vennemann, Peter},
  title     = {Optimization of resource efficiency in mixed-use quarters},
  doi       = {10.25974/fhms-11036},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:836-opus-110361},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}